Diyabete Cave Complex of Anuradhapura Era

Cogent Arts & Humanities, 2021

Bandiyagarh fort is located in Sirohi district of Rajasthan state in India. This research paper is based on new findings in our previously discovered site Bandiyagarh. The discovered structures played an important role in rewriting the history of the Parmar dynasty because Bandiyagarh is approximately 10 km away from the ruins of the capital city site, Chandravati of the royal Parmar dynasty (910 to 1312 AD.). This area was part of the ancient Silk-route trade due to which Sirohi was rich in wealth, resulting in several plunder attacks by invaders and hostile kingdoms. The fort is built on top of a plateau flanked by a chain of mountains and protected by a stronghold fortification wall. Bandiyagarh fort was difficult to capture because, according to the analysis of the geographical obstructions, that fort was surrounded by steep ascents in hills, natural obstruction by water-streams, and the dense forest. Moreover, this forest is also associated with aggressive ethnic societies of Bhils and Garasia. This mysterious fortification is very large in area but has not yet been discovered because of its strategic location. So the reason behind building this fortified city or fortress is for the purpose of camouflage because a military strategy has been observed behind building this fort city in an isolated place. Inside the premises, we found water bodies, temples, structural complex, inscriptions, watchtower and various unidentified structural remains. The cultural remains of the Priyank Talesara ABOUT THE AUTHORS Priyank Talesara is a Doctoral Student in the Department of AIHC&A, Madhav University. He had completed dual Master's in Business Administration and Ancient History from SHAITS, Allahabad, and then he went on to get a PG diploma in Archaeology from Sahitya Sansthan, Udaipur. His is currently also serving as the fellow assistant professor with liabilities of joint museum curator at Madhav University. Aniruddh Bahuguna is a research scholar of geography and temple architecture. He had just completed his M.Phil in Archaeology with the study of The Architecture of the Almora Temples, to continue this activity he opted PhD course with the same department of AIHC&A, APS University. Chintan Thakar is a Doctoral Student in the Department of AIHC&A, Madhav University. He had completed Masters in Ancient History from SHAITS, Allahabad, and then he went on to get PG diploma in Archaeology from Sahitya Sansthan, Udaipur. His is currently also serving as the fellow assistant professor with liabilities of joint museum curator at Madhav University.

journal of art & civilization of the orient, 2018

Kalmakare Cave was discovered in 1989. The ancient objects have been exhibited in the National Museum of Iran, museum of Falak-ol-Aflak, Illam, Tabriz, and international museums of Louvre, Britain, New York Metropolitan Museum, Miho Museum in Kyoto, as well as private collections. Archeologists and historians have been largely interested in Kalmakare due to a large number of golden and silver objects attributed to Kalmakare, the elegance, art, and innovative technologies of the so-called objects dating back to the local reign of Samatoureh in Neo-Elamite period. Kalmakare treasure is known as the world’s sixth largest treasures. Scholars have mainly focused on reading the inscriptions, and introduced dishware, silver human and animal sculptures, as well as golden masks, and conceptually analyzed symbolic and mythological motifs in Kalmakare. This research seeks to develop a new approach to analyze the function of the cave’s indoor and outdoor space through using a historical-analytical method with reference to Kalmakare’s etymology. In doing so, this paper is an attempt to understand whether Kalmakare has been the place for the treasure of Smatoureh local rulers or Achaemenid kings; and whether Kalmakare have served the ritual function such as Mithraism due to its human geography. So far, no similar research has been conducted in this area. Thus, testing the Mithraism hypothesis of Kalmakare requires a deep reflection on Loni Deger views. Hence, the present research is an investigation of the ritual function of Kalmakare.

Maharashtra Unlimited, 2014

Gandharan Studies, volume 6, 2012

The 2010/2011 campaign to Kashmir Smast was mainly focused on the topographic study of the Great Cave and the monastic complex. Beside the topographic study of the areas, excavations were also conducted inside the Great Cave and inside the water reservoir located near to the spring below the monastic complex. The aim of the excavation inside Mahāguha (the Great Cave) was to understand the cultural profile of the Cave by studying its antiquities recorded during our excavation in 2010/2011. Previously, based on materials recovered from the surface, the earliest date for the occupation of the Cave was fixed to 2 nd century BC (Nasim Khan, 2006, 133). But during 2010/2011 campaign, although the deposit inside the Cave was generally found disturbed, still, some intact areas were observed there with cultural materials that could help us to better understand the chronology of the Cave. The most important findings in this regard are the numismatic evidence which tells us that the occupation of the Cave was most probably happened somewhere between the 3 rd-11 th centuries AD.

Sabaragamuwa District can be identified as an important place and a bench mark in Sri Lanka forits historical and bio diversity. The cultural evolution has started from paleo era,therefor Sabaragamuwa has shown it’s magifiancy through its surroundings and permanently built structures. Magnificent evidence of the geological zone of the pre historical man can be seen fromKuruvita batadoba cave (pre historic site) to Sithavaka kingdom.To identify and find evidence in “Recovery data of invisible Sabaragamuwa”(Pro step_ 7) Astrobiology and Palebiology Research unit of Eco Astronomy Sri Lanka has done an anthropology research in Dehampala Dewalaya that situated in Pukunuwala,Kegalle District. Thus showing scientific method of Gramaya and Dewala systems, identify rich bio diversities surrounding Dewala area’s consist of rare flora and fauna and identify historical evidence are studied in this research and reconstruct it

Ancient Asia, 2024

Jainism in Vidarbha, especially of the medieval period, has been through a lot of continuity and transformations, in terms of rituals, sacred space, monastic order, and even architecture. The rise of pilgrimage centers, which the people of Vidarbha can fulfill their religious needs from, is yet another important feature. The landscape of the region was well explored and utilized to best suit the requirements for claiming the sacred nature for such tīrthas. Muktagiri, an important tīrthakṣetra, mentioned in the lines of Nirvāṇakāṇḍa, grew on to become a very famous pilgrimage center not just for Vidarbha, but for Jains coming from all parts of the country. The landscape and scenic beauty were very well used to make the best place for religious and spiritual endeavors. This article describes the unique partially rock-cut and partially structural cave temple no. 10 at Muktagiri, which is supposed to be the starting point of architectural activity at this place. Such early experiments at the site were still well-thought-out and planned before execution, and this has been further substantiated by the description of this cave temple in this article by the present author.

Investigation of the Angkor Monuments 16, 2011

South Asian Studies, 2012

The archaeological investigations at Arethipura were initiated to expose the buried structures on the two small outcrops at Kanakagiri or Chikkabetta. In 2014-15, western portion of the hillock was excavated which revealed complete plan of the temple along with Jaina sculptures. This discovery prompted further investigations that led to the exposing of twelve temples on eastern parts of Chikkabetta in 2015-16. The structures are raised in three phases-in the early phase, it was completely made of moulded bricks raised along the contour of the hill. In the next phase, the ground was levelled and stones were used for adhisthana, while the remaining walls are of bricks whereas in the last phase, the stones and bricks were reused alternatively in the same structures. Each temple has separate steps and some are added with balustrades. Apart from the stone and bricks, the post holes and iron clamps suggest that wood is also employed in these temples. Further, lime is invariably used as binding medium as well as for plastering the walls, paving of floors and for stucco figures. The whole complex is enclosed with a huge brick and stone wall which looks like a fortified settlement. The material vestiges in the form of ceramics and artefacts were recovered during the course of the excavations. The results of the excavations are discussed here.