Total factor productivity of tourism sector of OECD countries

Tourism Economics, 2012

Although the measurement of efficiency and productivity in the tourism industry at the micro level has been the subject of considerable research in recent years, there has been little research at the macro level. Using data envelopment analysis, this paper analyses the efficiency of the tourism sector in 105 countries, including 34 developed and 71 developing countries. It finds that globalization and accessibility are critical for the efficiency of the tourism sector in developing countries and that labour productivity may be a good proxy for the efficiency of the aggregate tourism industry.

International Advances in Economic Research, 2004

This paper analyzes the efficiency of a Portuguese public-owned hotel chain, Enatur. It applies data envelopment analysis (DEA) to estimate total factor productivity (TFP) change: while breaking it down into technical e~ciency and technological change. The bench.marking procedure used is an internal one, which compares hotels with each other. For the period 1999-2001, the hotels are ranked according to their total productivity change. It is concluded that some hotels experienced productivity growth, while others faced a decline. Some implications beneficial for managerial policies were drawn from this study. (JEL D24, L83, M21, 052)

Tourism Analysis, 2009

This paper intends firstly to estimate tourism productivity in 208 countries in the years 1990, 1995, 2000 and 2004. Secondly, it analyzes if the differential of productivity across countries could be due to some structural characteristics of the countries themselves. The study uses a stochastic production frontier approach and a technical efficiency model to analyze the determinants of efficiency across countries. Private capital and labour result to be more influential than public capital on the number of arrivals. The results suggest that the tertiary school enrolment, the level of communication technologies, the country openness to international trade all significantly contribute to efficiency.

Tourism Management

Journal of Islamic Tourism, 2022

Over the past few decades, countries in the Organization for Islamic Cooperation (OIC) have achieved various levels of economic development, especially in the tourism sector. Tourism growth in OIC countries increases every year. This growth has tightened competition between countries in providing tourist facilities and destinations. This study aims to measure the level of efficiency and productivity of the tourism industry in OIC countries using the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist Productivity Index (MPI) methods. The results showed that the average efficiency value of the tourism industry in OIC countries as a whole was 0.357. The country with the highest efficiency score was Turkey with an efficiency value of 0.92 and the country with the lowest efficiency value of 0.007 was Libya. On the other hand, the country that had the highest productivity increase was Turkey with a TFP value of 1.656 and the country with the largest decrease in productivity was Nigeria with a TFP value of 0.610.

The aim of this paper is to assess the overall and pure technical efficiency of tourism in European countries in 2017 using the output-oriented Charnes, Cooper and Rhodes (1978, 1979), and Banker, Charnes and Cooper (1984) data envelopment analysis methodology. The countries were divided into two groups: European Union countries and non-European counties. We identified two input and two output variables for each group. Input variables were identified using the principal component analysis method, starting from fourteen pillars that measure the performance of countries in the field of travel and tourism, and are published in the regular reports of the World Economic Forum. Then, two output variables were defined (the total (direct and indirect) contribution of travel and tourism to gross domestic product, and the direct contribution of tourism to employment growth rate), to determine the relative efficiency of decision-making units within the formed homogeneous groups of countries, among which the group of Western Balkan countries was singled out. This analysis enabled us, based on relatively scarce potential, to propose guidelines for a tourism development strategy for the entire Western Balkans region.

Contemporary Issues in Social Science: Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis, 2021

Performance evaluations are a critical tool in evaluating tourism development of countries where the tourism industry provides a significant share of the GDP. One of the measures used in performance evaluation of the financial decision-making units is economic efficiency. This study aims at measuring tourism-related technical efficiency performance of six European countries: Spain, Greece, Turkey, France, Italy, and Portugal. Tourism revenue and visitor numbers are referenced as output variables. Within the model, the natural and sociocultural index and substructure index were formed. Data envelopment analysis was applied for these datasets. Considering tourism revenues, Spain, Italy and Greece managed to use their natural and cultural resources efficiently. In contrast to these countries, inefficiency level scores were measured for Turkey, Portugal and France. In the model based upon the number of visitors, all other countries apart from Turkey and Portugal achieved the most efficient score. As for substructure index, the score of decreasing returns to scale for the countries of Italy and Spain in terms of tourist numbers is noteworthy. The implementation of efficient tourism policies and strategies hold great importance in terms of tourism efficiency. Even though Portugal and Turkey are rich in both natural and cultural assets, low scores seem to stem from failure to realize their potentials. Strategies should be developed to diversify tourist products. This study differs from other studies in the literature with regard to the composition of the wide input components.

Cankiri Karatekin Universitesi Iktisadi ve Idari Bilimler Fakultesi Dergisi, 2018

In this study, we try to analyze the total factor productivity of OECD countries in terms of economics perspective with the 2011-2015 years data. The number of arrivals, tourism expenditures, and logistic performance index were used as input variables; tourism receipt also as output variables in accordance with the data acquired from World Bank (WB). Malmquist Total Factor Productivity Indexes were applied to data with output-oriented models. According to research findings; all OECD countries seem to have different fluctuated efficiency values in all kinds of efficiencies for those five years. Chech Republic was the only country that experienced efficiency loss for five years; while the UK is the only one that experienced increases in all type of efficiencies. Moreover; USA, Japan, Turkey and New Zealand were the ones that never experienced any loss in all kinds of efficiencies for the five years. In other words, the efficiency values of those countries were either stable or increased during that period.

3rd International Thematic Monograph - Thematic Proceedings: Modern Management Tools and Economy of Tourism Sector in Present Era, 2018

The main goal of this paper is to evaluate efficiency of regions tourism sector in order to improve countries competitiveness on global market. Efficiency is observed as relation of multiple outputs (international tourist arrivals, international tourism inbound receipts and tourism industry GDP) and inputs (government expenditure and prioritization of tourism) for four-year period. Results show that Croatia and Montenegro achieve maximal efficiency, compared to the other countries in this region.

Annals of Tourism Research, 2006

Abstract This paper examines the ways in which productivity in tourism businesses can be increased by studying the roles of changes in physical capital, human capital, innovation, and the competitive environment. Comprehensive results are obtained by using questionnaire-based interviews, business survey data analysis, and computable general equilibrium modeling. The results demonstrate the positive contribution that each of the productivity drivers can make to increasing efficiency and welfare, notably increases in human capital and innovation. They also indicate that a combined strategy incorporating all of the drivers is more effective than independently formulated policies. Government organizations can collaborate to assist productivity increases, with specifically tailored measures for small businesses.