Nascita e gestione dell'impresa (Patrizia Rinaldi)

Regional Studies, 2007

We apply a multidimensional approach to simultaneously analyze the effects of three groups of determinants on new business formation: industry, space, and changes over time. The data are for West Germany and covers the period from 1983 to 1997. Our analysis indicates that the positive impact of small business employment found in many previous studies may be mainly explained by minimum efficient size in the respective industry. Moreover, innovation activities and the technological regime play an important role in new business formation processes. There are some differences with regard to the impact of a number of variables on start-ups in the manufacturing and the service sector. While a high level of short-term unemployment has a positive impact on the number of startups in the service sector, no significant impact for long-term unemployment could be found.

Cambridge Journal of Economics, 2013

Recent empirical research has found that the effect of new business formation on employment emerges over a period of about ten years and has identified a 'wave' pattern of these effects. In this study, we decompose the overall contribution of new business formation on employment change into direct and indirect effects. The results indicate that indirect effects of new business formation are quantitatively much more important than the direct effects. Furthermore, we find that regional differences of the employment change generated by new business formation can to a large part be explained by respective differences of the indirect effects. Hence, the interaction of the start-ups with their regional environment plays a great role for explaining their impact on regional development.

International Small Business Journal, 2009

This paper investigates the determinants of new venture creation across industries and locations for 103 Italian provinces between 1997 and 2003. We allow for differences in regional opportunities across industries and investigate the impact of a range of factors on entrepreneurship in different industries: manufacturing, retailing and wholesaling, hotels and restaurants. Our results show that wage costs deter entry in manufacturing and that regions with industrial districts are characterized by higher start-up rates. Firm entry in commercial sectors appears higher in large cities and areas with strong economic progress. For hotels and restaurants we find that tourism positively influences new firm formation. In terms of policy we do not find a significant effect of recently introduced regional laws promoting new firm formation.

2001

Small Business Economics, 1995

In this paper the determinants of new firm formation in the producer services are studied by using National Security data on firms with at least one employee. Two ratios are computed and analysed for the 95 Italian provinces: an index of fertility represented by the share of new enterprises on employees, and a birth rate represented for each province by the ratio between new enterprises and resident population. On examination of the determinants of this process, we found that the average wage rates and the ratio of utilized credit to the total line of credit negatively affect both indexes, and that both indexes are affected positively by sector growth and by a measure of small firm presence. The index of fertility is also explained by a dummy variable which identifies for each province those policies which are aimed at fostering the process of new firm formation. The birth rate is instead affected by a dummy variable which is equal to one for the provinces in which the chief towns of each region are located and zero otherwise, and by the potential demand for new producer services arising from the industrial sector.

This paper investigates the factors affecting the start up or not of entrepreneurial activities in Italy by focusing on the role played by some socio-demographic and entrepreneurial characteristics during 2001-2010. The paper presents a quantitative analysis of new business process in Italy by using data come from the Italian Adults Population Survey of the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM). Results show that nascent entrepreneurs in Italy have a lower likelihood of having more than 45 years old respect to non nascent entrepreneurs, a higher likelihood for appertaining to the lowest income level and that are less likely to declare that they do not have the skills for entrepreneurship. Fostering entrepreneurship (especially among females and youth) and enhancing entrepreneurial attitudes and skills could represent an important way to add variety to the Italian economic process, enhance competitiveness, and fully realize its innovation potential. However, there are also structural barriers that influence the propensity to become a Nascent Entrepreneur. Policy makers should address context-specific tools favoring venture creation, especially introducing incentives for female and young entrepreneurs, and supporting the development of entrepreneurial networks.

Environment and Planning C: Government and Policy, 2006

An overview of policy thinking on start-ups: context and drivers of public assistance for new venture creation There is broad agreement at a policy level that new business creation is an integral component of an entrepreneurial and dynamic economy (DTI, 2001; EC, 2003; OECD, 1998; Reynolds et al, 2000). Start-ups and self-employment are seen as important sources of new wealth and jobs, as well as a means of enhancing overall competitiveness as entrants seek out and create new business opportunities and activities (for example, DTI, 2001; EC, 2003). (1) Raising levels of involvement in business start-up also increases the number of people directly involved in entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial endeavours and as such is a primary manifestation of and opportunity for engagement with enterprise (SBA, 2002). A preoccupation with encouraging higher levels of start-up can be seen in recent policy thinking on new venture creation in Europe. In 2000 the European Council of Ministers' Lisbon Conclusions identified a need to stimulate entrepreneurship bỳ`c reating a friendly environment for starting up and developing innovative businesses'' (EC, 2000). The continued commitment to encouraging entrepreneurial activity can be seen in the Spring 2005 communication of the European Council, which noted:``There are just too many obstacles to becoming an entrepreneur or starting a business, and, therefore, Europe is missing opportunities'' (EC, 2005, page 16). The European Commission's Green Paper on Entrepreneurship in Europe recognised the central importance of new venture creation to the development of entrepreneurship, noting that Europè`n eeds more new and thriving firms'' (EC, 2003). In the United Kingdom the White Paper on Enterprise, Skills and Innovation, Opportunity for All in a World of Change (DTI, 2001) highlighted the importance of encouraging individuals to start businesses, and linked this with the broader development and encouragement of a culture of enterprise and entrepreneurship:

2021

This paper examines the role of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Polish economy between 1990 and 1997 with an emphasis on job creation. The results of the survey concerning the situation of enterprises by size (as measured by employment level) and ownership sector (public, private domestic, private foreign) are presented. The birth rates, survival rates and growth rates for enterprises that were established after 1990 have also been estimated. The methods applied in this study have not been used in Poland before. It is argued here that the main sources of new jobs in Poland over the analysed period are newly created private, domestic small and medium-sized firms. Consequently, this sector of the economy should be monitored and supported. The authors opt for the harmonisation of all the efforts plus the establishment of a national model for entrepreneurship support and development of private small and medium-sized firms.

SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000

We use a simple model to analyze the founding stage of new firms. Our goal is to characterize the directional causality between the expected rewards from entrepreneurship and the length of prior labor market experience that entrepreneurs possess. We test predictions about the timing of the formation of new firms on a sample of Italian entrepreneurs who founded new firms in the period 1992-2004. We obtain three main results. First, the timing of the foundation of new firms is determined primarily by the expectation of higher income and not so much by the perception of risk. Second, earlier experience of entrepreneurs in full time employment has a positive impact on the size of newly founded firms. Third, when we separate founders who work alone from founders who work with family partners, we find that the latter establish and control larger firms.