Quantum Entanglement Swapping

Nature Physics, 2012

Nature Physics, 2008

Entanglement-once only a subject of disputes about the foundation of quantum mechanics-has today become an essential issue in the emerging field of quantum information processing, promising a number of applications, including secure communication, teleportation and powerful quantum computation. Therefore, a focus of current experimental work in the field of quantum information is the creation and manipulation of entangled quantum systems. Here, we present our results on entangling two qubits in an ion-trap quantum processor not through a direct interaction of the ion qubits but instead through the action of a protocol known as entanglement swapping 1 . Our ion-trap system enables us to implement all steps of the entanglement swapping protocol in a fully deterministic way. Thus, two ion qubits can be prepared on demand in a welldefined entangled state. This particular feature may facilitate the implementation of quantum repeaters 2 or aid in distributing entangled states in ion-trap quantum computers 3 .

Physical Review A, 2005

Physical review letters, 2008

We report an experimental demonstration of entanglement swapping over two quantum stages. By successful realizations of two cascaded photonic entanglement swapping processes, entanglement is generated and distributed between two photons, that originate from independent sources and do not share any common past. In the experiment we use three pairs of polarization entangled photons and conduct two Bell-state measurements (BSMs) one between the first and second pair, and one between the second and third pair. This results in projecting the remaining two outgoing photons from pair 1 and 3 into an entangled state, as characterized by an entanglement witness. The experiment represents an important step towards a full quantum repeater where multiple entanglement swapping is a key ingredient.

2008

Based on a general unitary operation of two-qubit system, we investigate the dynamics of entanglement, entropy and purity. Distinctive features in the different initial states settings of an interacting bipartite system are explored. The striking effects of initial product states on entanglement shows that zeros entanglement can be obtained during the development of the interaction.

2021

Quantum switches are critical components in quantum networks, distributing maximally entangled pairs among end nodes by entanglement swapping. In this work, we design protocols that schedule entanglement swapping operations in quantum switches. Entanglement requests randomly arrive at the switch, and the goal of an entanglement swapping protocol is to stabilize the quantum switch so that the number of unfinished entanglement requests is bounded with a high probability. We determine the capacity region for the rates of entanglement requests and develop entanglement swapping protocols to stabilize the switch. Among these protocols, the on-demand protocols are not only computationally efficient, but also achieve high fidelity and low latency demonstrated by results obtained using a quantum network discrete event simulator. Index Terms quantum switch, entanglement distribution, networks

Physics Letters A, 2017

We present an entanglement swapping process for unknown nonmaximally entangled photonic states, where the standard Bell-state measurement is replaced by a three-step quantum walk-like state discrimination process, i.e., the practically nontrivial coupling element of two photons is replaced by manipulating their trajectories, which will greatly enrich the dynamics of the coupling between photons in realizing quantum computation, and reduce the integration complexity of optical quantum processing. In addition, the output state can be maximally entangled, which allows for entanglement concentration as well.

Physical Review A, 2005

A SWAP operation between different types of qubits of single photons is essential for manipulating hyperentangled photons for a variety of applications. We have implemented an efficient SWAP gate for the momentum and polarization degrees of freedom of single photons. The SWAP gate was utilized in a single-photon two-qubit quantum logic circuit to deterministically transfer momentum entanglement between a pair of down-converted photons to polarization entanglement. The polarization entanglement thus obtained violates Bell's inequality by more than 150 standard deviations.

Quantum communication is a secure way to transfer quantum information and to communicate with legitimate parties over distant places in a network. Although communication over a long distance has already been attained, technical problem arises due to unavoidable loss of information through the transmission channel. Quantum repeaters can extend the distance scale using entanglement swapping and purification scheme. Here we demonstrate the working of a quantum repeater by the above two processes. We use IBM's real quantum processor 'ibmqx4' to create two pair of entangled qubits and design an equivalent quantum circuit which consequently swaps the entanglement between the two pairs. We then develop a novel purification protocol which enhances the degree of entanglement in a noisy channel that includes combined errors of bit-flip, phase-flip and phase-change error. We perform quantum state tomography to verify the entanglement swapping between the two pairs of qubits and working of the purification protocol. *

2018

Entanglement swapping represents an important protocol for transferring information within quantum networks. Here we present a scheme to implement entanglement swapping with independently-prepared identical particles (bosons or fermions), exploiting the indistinguishability due to their spatial overlap. In this protocol no initial entangled pairs are required and, for fermions, even Bell state measurements have not to be performed. These features constitute both a conceptual and practical advance compared to the standard procedure. The scheme is straightforwardly extended to multiple swapping, which is basic for quantum repeaters and relays in quantum information processing.