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"Cyberwar": Past and Present of a Contested Term

2019, Conflict Zone Cyberspace: Prospects for Security and Peace Cyberspace as a Domain of Military Action 2 ETHICS AND ARMED FORCES 01/19

Abstract
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The paper examines the concept of 'cyberwar,' exploring its historical context and the reasons why, despite the omnipresence of cyber attacks, a global catastrophic cyberwar has not materialized. It discusses the limitations of the term 'cyberwar,' contrasting extreme perspectives on its implications and the role of military forces in cybersecurity. The analysis suggests that rather than an imminent threat of large-scale cyber conflict, the reality is a state of persistent cyber crime and espionage that complicates traditional distinctions between war and peace.