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2019, CEDRUS
https://doi.org/10.13113/CEDRUS/201918…
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There are three different coastal settlements in three different regions of the island in the researches on the island of Kekova, which is located in Demre district of Antalya province. One of these settlements is the Tersane Bay Settlement on the west end of the island, the North Settlement located on the northern slope of the island, and the last one is the Fener Settlement Area on the eastern end of the island. In the surveys conducted on the island between 2012 and 2018, few ceramic finds were found. On the other hand, in the underwater surveys around the island, a large number of different forms and periods of ceramic fragments were encountered. Some of these are thrown from the island while some of them belong to the ships that use the trade route. A total of nine lamps were found in these ceramics, 6 of which were on the island and 3 of them underwater. These lamps, which constitute our study, have been evaluated and dated with their similarities and places. Six of the oil lamps evaluated were the Late Antiquity witnessed by the island's dense settlement, and one of them was III. century AD.
2016
Oz Magaralar sehri olarak tarihte onemli olaylara taniklik eden Hasankeyf, Ortacagin onemli ticaret merkezlerinden biridir. Cesitli dinlerin ev sahipligini yapmis medeniyetler besigi Hasankeyf; gunumuzde Batman iline bagli ilce konumundadir. Bu tarihi sehir, onca savaslara, yikimlara ve salgin hastaliklara ragmen, essiz guzellikteki eserlerini butun ihtisamiyla korumaya calismis ve gunumuzde ayakta kalmanin mucadelesini vermektedir. Bu calismada; Buyuk Saray, Sahil Sarayi, Artuklu Kosku, Haydar Baba Zaviyesi, Salahiye Ziyaret Yapilari, Sondaj II-V ve Suryani Yerlesim kazi alanlarinda 2007-2012 yillari arasinda bulunan, Ortacag donemine ait aydinlatma araclarindan olan 50 adet pismis toprak kandil ornegi incelenmistir. Ele alinan orneklerin tamami sirli olup, sirsiz orneklere yer verilmemistir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Hasankeyf, Kandil, Seramik, Pismis toprak, Sir, Ortacag
CEDRUS, 2018
Kekova Island is located in today's Antalyaprovince and within the borders of Demre county. It islocated in Central Lycia within the borders of the Ly-cian Region in Antiquity. The Kekova Island, whichruns parallel to the coast, is located on the maritimetrade route extending from Egypt to Rome. Numeroustrade amphoras found underwater in studies conductedin the Kekova region clearly demonstrate the intensityof overseas trade in this region. Rhodian amphoraeforming a group of amphoras found by us in underwa-ter survey investigations between 2012-2017 is the ma-terial of our study. In this study, in particular Rhodianamphoras, the trade relationship between Rhodian andLycia, which has been in the commercial for many yearsover the sea, has been evaluated.
İznik / Nikaia, İstanbul Kapı Kazıları’ndan Pişmiş Toprak Kandiller Clay Lamps from the Excavation of Istanbul Gate in Iznik / Nicaea, 2020
Extended Summary One of the four main gates of Iznik (Nicaea) is the Istanbul Gate and most of it has survived until today. Before the restoration of the gate and the walls, this area was excavated between 2017 and 2018 under the direction of the Iznik Museum, and many findings have been brought to light. Among these findings, a group of clay lamps stands out for their decoration and shape. The aim of this study was to introduce these complete and almost complete clay lamps from the excavation of the İstanbul Gate of Nicaea. 23 clay lamps are catalogued, identified and dated in this study. One of these lamps is of Pontic production since it has common characteristic features of this type of production such as a biconical (with two cones) body, wide, round central part, two opposite-sharp protruding views of the handle and nozzle, a wide filling hole in the circle with a circumscribed circle in the center, vertical-conical knob handle, wideoval wick hole in the nozzle, and slightly raised straight bottom. It is known that this type started to be produced between the end of the 3rd century and the beginning of the 4th century. It is also the most commonly produced type of the 4th century, and its production continued in the second half of the 5th and even in the beginning of the 6th centuries. These types of lamps were unearthed in the ancient settlements of South Russia (Chersonessos, Panticapaion Tyra, Ilurat, Kitey) and Anatolia (Amorium, Nicaea, Isparta/Çünür, Edirne/Hadrianopolis). Among the clay lamps, there are two lamps, which show characteristic features of North Africa production. The most common features of this type are the knob handle without a groove, a flat edge band with relief, stamped or moulded decorations, a narrow and shallow canal extending from the discus to the nozzle, and a slightly expanding ring base towards the handle. It has been very well established that these lamps were dated to the 5th century, and they were brought from Africa to other settlements between the 4th and 7th centuries. Moreover, it has been determined that one of the clay lamps analysed is an Asia Minor production. It was probably imported into the city of Nicaea between the 4th and 6th centuries. The other 19 clay lamps and their production center are the main discussion of this study. Even though a workshop or a production center could not be determined precisely for these lamps, they were classified in the same group in terms of their paste (with mica), shape and decoration features. Their shape and decoration motifs are similar to many general features of Anatolian products and this group was most probably produced in Asia Minor. Additionally, very similar lamps to this group have been found in the Roman Theatre of Nicaea, as well. These lamps were classified as Iznik (Nicaea) local production. Due to these reasons, this study suggests that the 19 clay lamps obtained from the Istanbul Gate are linked to these lamps, and could be considered as local productions of Iznik. İnanan, Akçınar, Akçınar / İznik / Nikaia, İstanbul Kapı Kazıları’ndan Pişmiş Toprak Kandiller 161 These clay lamps have a rounded body, narrow and long nozzle, hollow discus, one filling hole in the center of discus, and a handle with one or two incised lines. The decoration repertoire generally consists of three or five concentric circles and geometric or floral motifs. In spite of apparent differences in the nozzle parts, they have some similarities with Delos dated to the 5th and 7th centuries. Supportively, the excavation finding in the Roman Theater of Nicaea was dated to the 5th and 7th centuries as well. Another remarkable point of this group defined by the current study is the “leaf” pattern, which is represented at the bottom of two clay lamps (Cat. No: 5, Cat. No: 21Kat. No 5). Generally, on the bottom of a lamp is an atelier’s mark place. However, the leaf pattern observed in these two clay lamps differs from an atelier’s mark. It could be suggested that these lamps are related to the ancient history of Nicaea. Some significant properties of Nicaea provide a basis for choosing the leaf, which looks like ivy, as a mark of potential local production of clay lamps. As the capital city of Bithynia and the accommodation center for several Roman emperors, Nicaea was an important cult area. Also, it was the sacred city where two ecumenical councils of the Christian world were gathered. These properties created a religiously and politically active history in Nicaea. Moreover, the city has been an important center of pottery production throughout history. Some stories found in the city are associated with the Pagan god Dionysus (Backhus), as also supported by depictions on ancient coins found in the city. As it is well known, ivy is one of the symbols of Dionysus. “Hederae/ivy” is a motif frequently used in many different works, including architecture, painting and small portable objects in the Roman and Early Christian Worlds. It is also widely used in discus and shoulder decoration of many clay lamps. It is associated with both Dionysus and the fertile soil of Nicaea, where pottery had been produced for centuries. Although the Istanbul Gate Excavation is finished, some excavations like the Roman Theater Excavation continue in Nicaea. Consequently, while the clay lamp production in the city is being reevaluated with new data, there is no doubt that the variety of lamp forms and decorations will be increased and updated, as well as workshop marks.
Seleucia 8, 2018
Öz Olba'da tiyatro, manastır ve ölü kültü ve mezarlık alanlarında 2010 yılın-dan başlayarak yapılan kazılarda çok sayıda cam kandil parçası ele geçmiş bulunmaktadır. Bunlar üzerinde yapılan ayrıntılı araştırmalar sonucunda üç temel tipi belirlemek mümkün olmuştur. Bunlar "kulplu", "saplı" ve "düğme dipli konik gövdeli" tiplerdir. Kulplu kandillerin biçimsel özellikleri, kulpla-rının gösterdiği farklı özellikler temel alınarak, bunlara ait bazı alt grupları da belirlemek mümkün olmuştur. Geç Antik Dönem Roma camcılığında tipik sayılan bu formların örneklerinin Olba'da saptanmış olması, kentte iç mekânların aydınlatılmasında cam kandillerin sıkça kullanılmakta olduğunu yansıtmaktadır. Cam kandillerle birlikte kullanılan madeni polycandelon, kandil askısı ve fitil tutacaklarına ait çok sayıda parçanın da kazılarda ele geçmesi, cam kandillerin aydınlatmadaki rollerini doğrulayan buluntular-dır. Çalışmalarımız, cam kandillerin kandillerin Olba'da MS 4. yüzyıldan başlayarak, kentteki yerleşimin son bulduğu MS 7. yüzyıl sonlarına dek kullanıldıklarını göstermektedir. Abstract During the excavations carried out at Olba since 2010 a number of glass fragments belonging to the lamps were discovered at several sectors such as Seleucia, Sayı 8 (2018): 117-141.
Aydınlatma tarihin hemen her döneminde, yaşamın önemli bir öğesi olmuştur. Zamanla doğal aydınlatmanın yetersizliği, insanları farklı çözümler aramaya itmiş ve bunun sonucunda da aydınlatma araçları doğmuştur. Ateşin bulunup kontrol altına alınmasından sonra ,özellikle pişmiş toprak kandiller küçük ve taşınabilir olmalarından dolayı, gerek günlük kullanım eşyası olarak gerekse gömü törenlerine ilişkin kullanımları ile önemli bir yere sahip olmuşlardır. Ayrıca ışığın kuvvetli sembolik anlamı da kandillerin önemini arttırmıştır. Çalışmada , bugün İzmir Arkeoloji Müzesi, Küçük Eserler Seksiyonunda bulunan, hepsi kalıp yapımı ve rölyef bezemeli, buluntu yerleri kesin olarak bilinmeyen, 5. ve 7. yüzyıllar arasına tarihlendirilebilek 9 adet pişmiş toprak kandilin tanıtılması amaçlanmıştır.
JOURNAL OF HISTORY AND FUTURE, 2021
Başvuruda bulundu. Kabul edildi.
2016
MYNDOS ASAR/TAVŞAN ADASI GEÇ ANTİK DÖNEM KANDİLLERİ Sinan MİMAROĞLU* ÖZ Karia kentlerinden birisi olan Myndos, günümüzde Muğla İli, Bodrum İlçesi, Gümüşlük Beldesi sınırları içerisinde yer almaktadır. Antik Kentin hemen karşısında bulunan Asar/Tavşan Adası, kentin limanını korumak için oldukça önemli bir noktada yer almaktadır. Adada yapılan çalışmalar sonucunda ortaya çıkarılan yapı katmanları, en erken Hellenistik dönemden itibaren başlar. Geç Antik Dönemde tepe üzerinde kurulan İ.S. 5. yüzyıla tarihlenen kilise etrafında adanın topoğrafyasına uygun olarak yerleşimler yapılmıştır. Bu mekanların erken tabakaları tahrip ederek belli bir yerleşim dokusu içinde planlandıkları tespit edilmiştir. Ortaya çıkarılan bu mekanların sivil amaçlı değil, doğrudan kilise ile ilişkili yapılar olduğu düşünülmektedir ve adadaki mimari buluntuların büyük bir manastır kompleksi olduğu fikrini kuvvetlendirmektedir. En son tabakayı ise, Geç Bizans Dönemine tarihlendirilen sur duvarları temsil etmektedir. Bu makalede, Myndos kentinde 2009-2013 yılları arasında antik kentin limanını koruyan Asar/Tavşan Adası üzerinde sürdürülen kazı çalışmaları sırasında bulunmuş pişmiş toprak kandiller ele alınmıştır. Bu kandillerin sayısal olarak büyük çoğunluğunu Küçük Asya Tipi (Ephesos) kandiller oluşturmaktadır. İki örnekle temsil edilen Afrika Kırmızı Astarlı Kandilleri Myndos Asar/Tavşan Adası’nın ticari faaliyetlerini göstermesi açısından önemlidir. Yapılan analoji çalışması sonuncunda Myndos Asar/Tavşan Adası kazılarında ele geçen kandilleri İ.S. 6. yüzyılın başı- 7. yüzyılın başı arasına tarihlendirilmesi önerilmektedir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Myndos, Asar/ Tavşan Adası, Geç Antik Dönem Kandil, Seramik. Myndos Asar Island Late Antique Lamps ABSTRACT Myndos ancient city which was one of the ancient Caria cities in the ancient geography, is today located in Gümüşlük town of Bodrum district in Muğla province in southern Turkey. Locating right across Myndos ancient city Asar/Tavşan Island has a crucial place to protect the harbor of the city. Structural layers came to light as a result of the excavation digs belong to early Hellenistic period in Asar Island. Some settlement relevant to the topography of the island had been located around the church that built on the hill in the late antiquity and dates back to A.D. 5th . It is determined that new settling had been planned in a new placement settlement pattern on the old layers. It is considered that these unearthed placements settlement was were not for civil uses but directly related to the church and it is a monastery complex. historical findings empower the idea of the monastery complex. The last layer is composed of the fortification walls that date back to Late Byzantine period. Terra-cotta lamps dealt in this essay were found during the excavation carried out between 2009 and 2013 in Myndos city on Asar/Tavşan Island that protects the ancient city harbor. The most of lamps are Asia Minor type (Ephesos). There are only two African Red Slip type lamps. Terra cotta lamps indicate the presence of a trade in the Myndos/Asar Island. It is suggested that the lamps were in use between A.D. 6-7. th century depending on their analogy. Keywords: Myndos, Asar/Tavşan Island Late antiquity Lamps, ceramic
Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 2021
Öz Çattepe Höyüğü, Siirt İli, Kurtalan İlçesi'ne bağlı, Çattepe Köyü (Tilli/Tili/Til) yakınlarındadır. Höyük, Botan ve Dicle Nehirleri'nin birleştiği noktada, doğal bir yarımada üzerindedir. Çattepe, stratejik konumu nedeniyle de yaklaşık MS 11. yüzyıla kadar çok önemli bir yerleşim yeri olmuştur; Prehistorik Dönem'den Orta Çağ'a kadar yerleşim görmüş, MS 11. yüzyıldan sonra ise önemini yitirmiştir. Çattepe Höyüğü üzerinde yapılan yüzey araştırmaları ve kazılarda farklı dönemlere ait çok sayıda buluntu ele geçmiştir. Ancak, az sayıda geç Antik Çağ ve Orta Çağ'a ait pişmiş toprak kandil buluntusu vardır. Çattepe Höyük kandil buluntuları kalıp ve çark yapımı olarak iki gruba ayrılmıştır; çoğunluğu çark yapımı, sırlı kandiller oluşturur. Bunun yanı sıra, kandillerin burun kenarında, kandilin aydınlatma amacıyla kullanıldığına işaret eden, yanık izleri olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca, MS 10. yüzyıla tarihlenen yangından etkilenmiş olan ve aynı tarihlere verebileceğimiz kandil buluntuları da ele geçmiştir. Bu ayrıntılar da kent ve buluntuları arasında bağlantı kurulması açısından önemlidir.
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SDU FACULTY OF ARTS AND SCIENCES JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES, DECEMBER 2019 No: 48, PP. 1-14 , 2019
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