The Theory of Translation and Linguistics

1965

Scientific advisor: Reviewer: CONTENT Chapter I. Analysis of the linguistic literature on the general problems of the syntactic stylistic devices § 1. Compositional patterns of syntactical arrangement in English § 2. Parallel constructions and their features § 3. Structural-functional features of Chiasmus. Reversed Parallel Construction § 4. Enumeration as a functional equivalent of Parallel constructions. § 5. Features of dealing with Parallel structures in forming a text. Chapter II. Problems of translating the Parallel Constructions from English into Uzbek § 1. Equivalence in the translations of parallel construction § 2. Types of equivalents in the translation of parallel constructions § 3. Techniques of translating the English Parallel Constructions into Uzbek § 4. The basic ways of translating the Parallel Constructions from Uzbek into English Conclusion Bibliography 2 Introduction The present graduation qualification paper deals with the study of English Parallel Constructions and their translation into Uzbek language which presents certain interest both for the theoretical investigation and for practical language use. The actuality of the investigation is explained on one hand by the profound interest to the function of the syntactic stylistic devices like parallel constructions in the literary text and in speech on the other hand, by the absence of widely approved analysis of the Parallel Constructions and other syntactic stylistic devices from the syntactic, stylistic, structural and translational points of view. The novelty of the qualification paper is defined by concrete result of investigation: special emphasis is laid on various types of rendering the structure, the stylistic features, and the translation of syntactic stylistic devices in general and Parallel Construction in Particular. The aim of the qualification paper is to define the specific features of the Parallel Constructions in the literary text and in speech and their rendering in Uzbek. According to this general aim we have put the following concrete tasks before the work: a) To analyze the linguistic literature on the general and special problems of syntactic stylistic devices; b) To analyze the compositional patterns of syntactical arrangement in English; c) To analyze the Parallel Constructions and their features; d) To analyze the structural-functional features of the Reversed Parallel Constructions; e) To analyze structural-functional properties of Repetition as a type of Parallel Constructions; 3 f) To analyze Enumeration as a functional equivalent of Parallel Constructions; g) To analyze the general and special problems of translating the Parallel Constructions from English into Uzbek; h) To analyze the problem of equivalence in the translation of Parallel Constructions; i) To analyze the techniques of translating the English Parallel Constructions into Uzbek; j) To analyze the Basic ways of translating the Parallel Constructions from English into Uzbek; The methods of investigations used in this qualification paper are as follows: stylistic, semantic, structural, distributional, descriptive and translational. The practical value of the research is that the material and the results of the given qualification paper can serve as the material for the theoretical courses of stylistics, grammar, comparative typology, translation as well can be used for practical lessons in translation, home reading, conversational practice and current events. The material includes: a) Different types of explanatory and translation dictionaries; b) Scholarly literature on translation theory, stylistics and grammar; c) The pieces of artistic literature of the British and American authors of the XX century; The theoretical importance of the qualification paper is determined by the necessity of detailed and comprehensive analyses of syntactic stylistic devices in general and Parallel Constructions in particular, which from a big layer in the literary language and are very often used in literature fulfilling various stylistic or pragmatic functions.

Disciplinary identity depends on how the disciplinary research object is conceived of. If translation studies is a discipline studying translation and translating, it is natural that it can define its identity at the intersection between translation and translating. This intersection is translation process. The need for an epistemological description of translation process arises form the need to make the process describable or to find a possibility of its optimum description. To do this translation studies needs an elementary model of translation process that would ensure the comparability of di¤er-ent translations and describability of translation culture. New interest in the evaluation of translation quality and in the linguistic nature of translation brings along the necessity to reconceptualize di¤erent trends in translation studies. Translation studies is on the verge of a new self-description, and the language and attitudes of this self-description should derive from a systemic understanding of the research object of translation studies.

Most people, especially laymen, perceive translation as a concept that does not have any theory. The truth is that translation does have lots of theories but no general theory. Another myth has been that studies in translation have only resulted in a mixture of fragmentary theories. Truth is that there are a number of candidates who have come forwards as general theories of translation. Skopos forms one of these candidates. Skopos theory is a general functional theory that appears to be strategically placed on the translation studies map. The question, however, is how well the theory has stood the test of time? This essay seeks to provide a general retrospective evaluation of the theory, in light of Mona Baker’s (2005) statement, “Translators have to prove to themselves as to others that they are in control of what they do; that they do not just translate well because they have a “flair” for translation, but rather because, like other professionals, they have made a conscious effort to understand various aspects of their work.” Skopos theory is a unique theory from other translation theories since it is a characteristic of a deductive, syntactic theory which involves a limited number of explicit axioms. Skopos shares the same meaning with the word “Zweck”, which means purpose, or Funktion (Vermeer, 1986). However, in this case, “function”, is not defined in the same context but rather could come across as the “intended effect”.