The Arab-Israel Conflict: An Uncertain Future

St John S Law Review, 2012

See notes 120-S0 and accompanying text infra. It should also be noted that in 1920 the Arab population of Palestine was 90 percent Christian and Moslem and 10 percent Jewish. By 1930, as a result of increasing British immigration quotas to European Jews, that segment of the population rose to 19 percent and by 1940, it became 30 percent of a total population of 1,580,000. By then Great Britian pledged to keep a lid on immigration so as to maintain a one-third to two-thirds ratio. Between 1940 and 1947, no less than an estimated 250,000 Jews entered Palestine illegally, i.e., without an immigration visa. In 1947 the Arab non-Jewish citizens owned all but 12 percent of the registered real property. These figures appear in DOCUMENTS ON BRITISH FOREIGN POLICY 1919-1939 (E. Woodward & R. Butler eds. 1951) and are referred to in W. YALE, THE NEAR EAST ch. 28 (1958). It is believed, however, that these figures are approximated and not exact. 6 Notwithstanding the figures cited in note 5 supra, the Partition Plan allocated 58 percent of Palestine to Israel. See notes 3-5 supra; Bassiouni, supra note 2, at 42-43. After the 1948-1949 war, Israel's territorial occupation of Palestine increased by 23 percent, and by 1967 it included all of Palestine and parts of Egypt, Syria and Jordan. The principle of invalidity of acquisition of territory by force of arms finds its legal foundation in the Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1929.

2009

Though more than sixty years have passed since the signing of the proclamation of the State of Israel, the impact of that epochal event continues to shape the political policies and public opinion of not only the Middle East but much of the world. The consequent conflict between Arabs and Israelis for sovereignty over the land of Palestine has been one of the most bloody, intractable and drawn-out of modern times. It continues today in cycles of aggressive violence followed by temporary and tenuous ceasefires that are marked and complicated by resolute opinions and fractious religious ideologies. In this timely analysis, noted military historian Ian J. Bickerton cuts through the complex perspectives in order to explain this struggle in objective detail, describing its history from the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire following World War I to the present day. In concise and clear prose, Bickerton argues that the present problem can be traced to the fact that each side is trapped by ...

2005

Tables, Charts, and Maps. Documents. Preface. Introduction. 1. Palestine in the Nineteenth Century. 2. Palestine During the Mandate. 3. World War II, Jewish Displaced Persons, and the Partition of Palestine. 4. The Proclamation of Israel and the First Arab-Israeli War. 5. The Conflict Widens: Suez, 1956. 6. The Turning Point: June 1967. 7. Holy Days and Holy War: October 1973. 8. The Search for Peace. 9. Lebanon and the Intifada. 10. The Peace of the Brave. 11. The Peace Progresses. 12. Collapse of the Peace Process. Conclusion. Glossary. Index.

2020

The paper examined the origin and development of the Arab-Israeli conflict and the challenges of the entire feud. It also analyses the historical peace processes carried out to bring to an end the conflict. Using the historical descriptive research methodology, findings show that, the creation of the state of Israel was the beginning of the crisis which exacerbated to seasonal wars. The paper concludes that war cannot solve the Middle East impasse but a peaceful resolution and a peaceful solution to the Arab-Israeli conflict desperately needs the establishment of a road map that would be based on mutual compromise and confidence-security building measures. The perpetuation of the conflict in the Middle East is a threat to global peace and security. The paper also recommends a two-state solution for perpetual peace to reign and sincere international engagement under the United Nations according to the 1973 border lines definition, among others.

Rome, IAI, December 2018, 24 p. (MENARA Working Papers ; 27), 2018

This paper asserts that the Arab–Israeli conflict, and in particular the question of Palestine, has been the major issue of regional concern across the Middle East for over a century. It claims that the failure to resolve the question of Palestine will continue to impact on the region’s stability and its geopolitical dynamics and to shape popular opinion while limiting Arab leaders’ options. It first situates the Arab–Israeli conflict as a core regional issue in historical context – which is crucial for understanding where we are today – before critically reviewing the Oslo “peace process” and its failure to deliver a just and sustainable peace within the framework of a “two-state solution”. It suggests that this failure has resulted in the ramping up of lingering regional problems (e.g. southern Lebanon, the Golan Heights, refugees and in Palestine itself) and the rise of new challenges and frameworks (e.g. the Resistance Axis and the BDS movement). It concludes that the time has come for the international community – including the European Union, which has contributed to the failure of the two-state solution – to consider alternative paradigms and actions.

Strategic Impact

Palestine, a historical land inhabited by both Jews and Arabs, has been the source of disagreement for the two ethnic communities since their establishment in this territory. Over time, as a consequence of this antagonism, the Middle East region has hosted a multilateral conflict generated by a number of factors (historical, ethnic, national and religious), which is currently manifested in three subsequent disputes: Arab-Israeli, Israeli-Palestinian and religious. The social dispute was initially generated by the inter-communal misunderstandings between Arabs and Jews, in the territory of the British mandate of Palestine and degenerated into a series of wars between Israel and the Arab states that led to an open armed conflict between Israel and Gaza. Also, the religious dispute, which permanently accompanied the other two, is related to the equally claiming by Jews and Muslims of both the entire territory of this historical land, as well as Jerusalem. The paper is intended to be a ...

2021

This is a cleaned-up portion of my undergraduate thesis that looks at key moments in the Palestinian Question from 1917 to 2017. In this paper, I map the contours of the conflict(s) in the region in three parts: (1) 1917 to 1947; (2) 1948-1999; (3) 2000 to the present. That is to say from the Mandate period to partition; from Independence Day/Nakba to Oslo; and the current state of failed peace plans and continued violence (violence of occupation and of resistance). I argue that the so-called Israeli-Palestinian conflict involves more than the two parties; it is embedded in and a product of the Cold War, decolonization, competing nationalisms—secular and religious—and petropolitics.

M.A. - International Relations Thesis (Extract), 2009

Palestine’s quest for peace and a sovereign state is one of the most intriguing challenges of international relations in the 21st century. The challenge owes to the protracted Arab-Israel conflict that has hitherto lasted for over half a century, over and above an unobstructed rise of Islamism in the Arab world. It is unfortunate that, despite vigorous efforts at establishing peace and building a viable and independent Palestinian state, a stalemate has always been the inevitable eventuality. Besides a critical assessment of the impediments to peace and statebuilding in Palestine, this research endeavours to analyze the repercussions of the rise of Islamism in the Arab world on the Palestinian dilemma. The study examines developments since the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993 to the current state of affairs. Moreover, the study relies mainly on secondary data and, consequently, a qualitative analysis. As a final point, this research challenges some of the articulated and most distinguished solutions as areas that need further demystification to ascertain their achievability.

2019

See ResearchGate if this doesn't upload here. The volume traces the evolution of Palestine-Israel conflict through several historically-informed and roughly chronological, yet overlapping, investigations examining, inter alia: the effects of the First World War and the efforts of the Zionist movement culminating in the establishment of the State of Israel and the expulsion of over 700,000 Palestinians from the territories therein in 1947-48; missed opportunities for peace from 1967 to 1990 by reference to official policy documents; the revitalisation of Palestinian nationalism through the PLO after the 1967 war and the establishment of the Palestinian Authority in 1994; the competing rise and evolution of Islamic nationalism in Palestine, predominantly embodied by the Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas; attempts at Palestinian institution-building contextualised by the profound influence of international donors and Israel; and the ongoing evolution of the relationship between Hamas and Israel. The final chapter canvases some of the rapidly evolving issues that have arisen over the last few years, including upheavals caused by the election of the Trump administration in the United States, and the periodic and ongoing conflicts between Israel and Hamas in Gaza. The volume will be of interest to both scholars and the general public wishing to understand the historical and present drivers of the conflict in the Holy Land.

The Encyclopedia of the Arab-Israeli Conflict: A Political, Social, and Military History. 4 vols.

Editor (with Spencer Tucker et al.), author of 14 short articles, editor/compiler of Vol. 4 (Documents Volume). [“Adenauer. Konrad,” 1:32-34; “Bevin, Ernest” (with Chris Tudda), 1:214-216; “Dulles, John Foster,” 1:308-309; “Eisenhower, Dwight David,” 1:329-331; “France, Middle East Policy,” 1:370-374; “Johnson, Lyndon Baines,” 2:555-557; “Kissinger, Henry Alfred,” 2: 584-586; “Lloyd, Selwyn,” 2:644-645; “Marshall, George Catlett,” 2:666-668; “Nixon, Richard Milhous,” 2:740-742; “Reagan, Ronald Wilson,” 3:852-854; “Rogers, William Pierce,” 3:874-875; “Roosevelt, Franklin Delano,” 3:876-878; “Shultz, George Pratt,” 3:921-923] Named Outstanding Reference Source, 2008, by RUSA-American Library Association; Distinguished Achievement Award for Social Studies Instruction (Reference Category), June 2009; Editors’ Choice, 2008, Booklist; Best Reference Choice, 2008, Pennsylvania School Librarians Association. This exhaustive work offers readers at multiple levels key insights into the military, political, social, cultural, and religious origins of the Arab-Israeli conflict. • With more than 750 alphabetically organized entries covering everything from important people, places, and events to a wide range of social and cultural topics―each entry featuring cross references and suggestions for further reading • A separate documents volume offering an unprecedented collection of more than 150 essential primary sources • Over 500 images, including maps, photographs, and illustrations • A comprehensive introductory overview by retired general Anthony Zinni