Md.omar faruk cu law

RESEARCH, SOCIETY AND DEVELOPMENT, 2020

Coastal Zone is an area where ocean, land, and environment interact with one another; therefore, it is lively and varied in nature. The coastal zones in Bangladesh is being frequently attacked by cyclones, storm surge, sea level rise, which have affected terribly this low lying coastal zone. The multifaceted coastal zone prerequisites all-inclusive integrated approaches to manage. This study aims to identify the background of socio-economic problems of the people of coastal zone particularly in the eastern belt, it also discusses the various problems along the coastal areas, and the rationality of coastal governance and management for sustainable development, framework for solving the coastal issues in the eastern zone, climate change and environmental impacts, and policy recommendations for coastal development and management so as to adapt climate change vulnerability (Ahmad, 2019). However, no socio-economic development policy has been taken so far for the coastal people who are the extreme victims of the climate change, natural calamities, typhoons and torpedoes. This study has been done on the basis of both primary and secondary sources of data. The authors of this research have exchanged views with the people living in the eastern coastal belt of Bangladesh to know about the socio-economic condition.

The Bay of Bengal is the breeding ground for tropical cyclones and Bangladesh is the worst victim in terms of fatalities and economic losses incurred. Among the 508 cyclones that have originated in the Bay of Bengal in the last 100 years, 17 percent have hit Bangladesh, amounting to a severe cyclone almost once every three years. Of these, nearly fifty three percent have claimed more than five thousand lives. The high number of casualties is due to the fact that cyclones are always associated with storm surges. Storm surge height in excess of 6m is not uncommon in this region. The elevation of land is around 12 feet at 2.5km from the sea shore where it is around 22 feet at 100km inland from the sea shore in western and central regions of the country. Moreover there are many low lands, flood plains, rivers and channels within this 100km range. Thus the southern regions usually go under water during surge and face uncountable damage by destructive wind speed. Agricultural fields lose fertility due to erosion, sedimentation, sea-spray and saline water intrusion. Damage of crops and vegetations affects national food production and security. Loss of lives, livestock, damage of crops, contamination of water sources, destruction of house, transportation system, embankment and other development structures not only stop the flow of livelihood at a sudden, these infirm the long term social, health care, economic development and policy of the government. Every year, huge amount of budget needs to allocate for relief, medication, subsidy and post-disaster phase of socioeconomic recovery, reconstruction and maintenance works in coastal area. During the disaster, there is shortage of water supply and food apart from the loss of homestead, crop and livestock. Loss of the rural roads leads to a missing link for the supply of relief and rehabilitation facilities at the quickest possible time. This paper aims at a conceptual protection and adaptation strategy for the coastal population of Bangladesh at an affordable manner. The recommended strategy involves minimum intervention to the existing locality and thus a minimum of cost being involved with the maximum possible facilities to available at the end of the victims specially during and immediately after the disaster. The main theme of the adaptation strategy is the modification of the landscape to the smallest extent in order to facilitate the shelter for human being and livestock, storage of harvested crop, water supply, sanitation and the transportation network. Feasibility of the proposed theme has been analyzed from different direction applying scientific logics. Species of the salt tolerant crops have been mentioned targeting the food and job security. The paper proposes the minimum coastal zone that should be brought under the adaptation strategy at the initial pilot stage. The ecological balance of the affected locality is also considered in the adaptation strategy as well.

Frontiers of Earth Science in China, 2010

A study was conducted in four selected upazilas under four coastal districts through participatory rural appraisal (PRA), household survey and monitoring, sampling, focal group discussions, personal interview, onfarm field visits, institutional consultations, and secondary information. The investigation revealed that the valuable natural resources of the whole region are at the verge of serious degradation. Various causes have been identified, which are responsible for degradation of both resources and production environments. These causes include human population growth, coastal embankment, upstream withdrawal of Ganges water, brackish water shrimp farming, salt production, use of agro-chemicals, industrial activities, commercial activities, over-exploitation, etc. The study also showed that the degradation of natural resources is the reason behind the squeezing of historically dominant livelihood opportunities of the coastal communities. The current scenarios of the coastal ecosystem urge necessary steps to be taken for sustainable management of valuable resources and to create alternative livelihood opportunities for the coastal communities.

The coastal zone is the interface where the land meets the ocean, encompassing shoreline environments as well as adjacent coastal waters. The high concentration of people in coastal regions has produced many economic benefits. The objective of the study is to assess the physical characteristics, resources, challenges and management of coastal zone of Bangladesh. Bangladesh is a low-lying country faced many coastal problems such as storm surge, flood, tsunami, sea level rise, erosion and proper managements are taken to solve this problem.

Impact of climate change and natural catastrophe on the occupational changes in the coastal areas of Bangladesh: an empirical study Abstract Occupation of the populace who live in the coastal areas of Bangladesh needs to be changed in the pattern of source of income owing to sea level rise and natural disaster in a cyclical manner and also irregular variations. This is now a great concern for Bangladesh especially in the country's coastal regions. As such, the research question relates to assessing the impact of climate change and natural catastrophe on the occupational changes in the coastal areas of Bangladesh. This study explored using both primary and secondary sources. The study had been conducted from May to December 2017. The study found that climate change was causing sea level raising and created salinity problem in the coastal areas, which has caused change of the occupational changes. Salinity problem had caused damage of most of the agricultural production, fisheries and household. The binary logistic regression equation indicated that occupational change was due to climate change and natural catastrophe that also depend on socio-economic situation of the people of that area of the country. From another binary logistic regression equation, it was found that occupational change also depends on the various demographic factors and if the personal position of the respondents is changed then it will occur. Each year in coastal areas, people are permanently and temporarily dispersed because of global warming in Bangladesh. The country should take effective steps in the coastal areas to diminish climate change threat and also control over its phenomenon. Those who are responsible internally to increase climate change should be supported by creating employment opportunities for affecting community development as suggested by the researcher. To reduce natural catastrophe, more trees should be planted in the coastal regions, and there is a need in balanced development at urban and rural areas without destroying nature.

Bangladesh, a coastal developing nation with a diverse sustainable biodiversity of natural resources is currently focused upon by international communities as a result of its high potential of the coastal zone (CZ) with natural gas. Sustainable Coastal Zone Management (SCZM) is key to its national development. SCZM refers to the management of coastal resources in order to provide secure and alternative livelihoods, as well as to manage all types of coastal hazards and social and cultural well-being in order to ensure long-term productivity and minimize environmental impact. This paper aims to delineate the current initiatives and status of coastal management in Bangladesh, highlighting key issues such as climate changes, sea level rise, tropical cyclones, coastal and marine pollution, coastal erosions, saltwater intrusions, and mangrove degradations as well as the future trend in Bangladesh which will facilitate sustainable development by emphasizing the social, ecological, and economic pillars of sustainability. Unsustainable coastal development practices in Bangladesh are going to damage the coastal ecosystems, particularly mangrove forests and coral reefs, which provide protection against tropical cyclones caused by global climate change and coastal erosions. The paper concludes by outlining a roadmap toward achieving SCZM in Bangladesh. The road to achieving SCZM requires collaboration, integration of scientific research, policy frameworks, community engagement, capacity building, and long-term commitment from all stakeholders involved. So, it is required to address all kinds of coastal issues and reframes all existing coastal management practices to ensure a healthy productive ecosystem to achieve SCZM as well as the sustainable development of the country.

Asian journal of social sciences and humanities, 2014

Based on 1st author’s own participation and informal discussion with the inhabitants of coastal areas, these researchers attempt to know the impact of salinity on the socio-environmental life of coastal people. Bangladesh is a country which is slopped gently from the north to the south, where it meets the Bay of Bengal at its southern end. Because of its critical geographical location, almost every year the southern coastal areas face various kinds of natural disasters, such as cyclones, flood, soil erosion, tidal surge, sea level rise and so on. All these natural disasters bring saline water with them from the sea, which creates a new dimension of natural disaster. This Salinity is very crucial in terms of its impact on the socio-ecological life of the local people. It is destroying the natural characteristics of coastal soil and water. Moreover it is causing damage to agriculture, bio-diversity, fresh water and its resources which are absolutely degrading the quality of local peop...

2014

Sub-project Cologne: Economic and social drivers of land use change in coastal Bangladesh The social and economic processes leading to land use change, deforestation, land degradation and salinization are still not fully understood.