M-Tech Project green buildings

International Journal of Energy Engineering, 2015

The primary function of a building is to provide thermally comfortable environment to its occupants. A good indoor climate is important for the success of any building, not only because it will make its occupants comfortable, but also because it will decide its energy consumption, and thus influences its sustainability. A literature review of over 100 research papers, in four areas in the field of Energy Conservation in Buildings, i.e. (i) Climate Responsive Buildings, (ii) Analysis, Simulation and Modelling, (iii) Zero Energy Buildings and (iv) Thermal Comfort, were conducted in order to obtain a valid research topic. The findings of the literature survey is presented in this paper which include issue wise discussion, solution approaches used by various researchers, strengths, weaknesses and future scope of work in the four issues pertaining to energy conservation in buildings. Out of the several identified lag, it was felt that there was a dearth of field studies based thermal comfort research in India, which is essential for the correct definition of building codes. Proper building codes are required not only for providing comfort condition but also to conserve energy. Hence field studies based thermal comfort study was considered for further research study. Thus, this paper summarizes the researches about Climate Responsive Buildings, Analysis, Simulation and Modelling, Zero Energy Buildings and Thermal Comfort. It also concludes the methodology of these researches in above four fields, and gives further work suggestions.

Energy conversion and management, 2001

The results of a recent survey on energy consumption in the residential sector of Jordan were used to evaluate energy conservation in residential buildings. Space heating accounts for 61% of the total residential energy consumption with kerosene as the most popular fuel used for heating. In light of the fact that only 5.7% of dwellings in JordanÕs urban areas have been provided with wall insulation and none with roof thermal insulation, the heating loads were calculated for a typical single house using dierent insulation materials. It was shown that energy savings up to 76.8% can be achieved when polystyrene is used for both wall and roof insulation. Ó

Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 1974

A wide range of possible measures for the conservation of energy in buildings are reviewed. The survey is made in the context of the American situation and covers energy use in space heating and cooling, water heating, lighting, and domestic and other appliances. Topics discussed include 'total energy' systems, insulation, heat losses through ventilation, solar heat gain, heat of lights, life-cycle costing, heat pumps, standards of heating and cooling, lighting standards, appliance design, energy costs of building materials, and potential savings from energy conservation measures. Many of these areas are the subject of much detailed research in their own right; the purpose of the present broad review is to try to set the variety of separate possibilities for conservation in the context of a potentially systematic view of their overall interrelationship, and in the context of building design seen as a whole. Energy is used in buildings for space heating and cooling, water heating, lighting, cooking and refrigeration, and for running a variety of appliances and machines. Table 1 below gives a detailed breakdown of consumption by use in the United States in the residential and commercial sectors, with comparative figures given for 1960 and 1968, and the annual rate of growth computed over this period.

The role of an Acceptable Solution within the Building Code is to provide a checklist of easily understood measures by which compliance can be achieved. This is the simplest route for compliance, but it does produce some restrictions on design. In general, however, the New Zealand Building Code is a performance-based code. This means that it prescribes results rather than the methods by which these results are achieved. As a consequence, performance-based Verification Methods are generally available for designers who wish to have greater freedom than is available under the Acceptable Solution. The measures discussed in this paper, which are intended as a basis for an Acceptable Solution, are not designed to be the sole means of achieving compliance. Unlike many overseas codes, the New Zealand Building Code sets minimum building standards only. Thus the recommendations presented in this paper do not constitute a good design guide.

Energy Efficiency, 2009

This paper reviews the literature concerning the energy savings that can be achieved through optimized building shape and form, improved building envelopes, improved efficiencies of individual energyusing devices, alternative energy using systems in buildings, and through enlightened occupant behavior and operation of building systems. Cost information is also provided. Both new buildings and retrofits are discussed. Energy-relevant characteristics of the building envelope include window-to-wall ratios, insulation levels of the walls and roof, thermal resistance and solar heat gain coefficient of windows, degree of air tightness to prevent unwanted exchange of air between the inside and outside, and presence or absence of operable windows that connect to pathways for passive ventilation. Provision of a high-performance envelope is the single most important factor in the design of lowenergy buildings, not only because it reduces the heating and cooling loads that the mechanical system must satisfy but also because it permits alternative (and low-energy) systems for meeting the reduced loads. In many cases, equipment with significantly greater efficiency than is currently used is available. However, the savings available through better and alternative energy-using systems (such as alternative heating, ventilation, cooling, and lighting systems) are generally much larger than the savings that can be achieved by using more efficient devices (such as boilers, fans, chillers, and lamps). Because improved building envelopes and improved building systems reduce the need for mechanical heating and cooling equipment, buildings with dramatically lower energy use (50-75% savings) often entail no greater construction cost than conventional design while yielding significant annual energy-cost savings.

2010

Future challenge is to provide sustainable buildings with good indoor conditions and lowest possible energy use. Latest energy regulations in Europe oblige the industry to develop buildings, where much less energy is consumed for ventilation, heating, cooling, and lighting. The focus should be especially in primary energy where the consumption of energy resources is considered. This paper presents energy simulation case study of an office building located in middle European, temperate climate. The energy consumption of the office building with good standard construction, with construction including most common energy efficient features, and with almost all, modern technology for energy efficiency is compared. The effects of different factors are compared. Then the most energy efficient building is analysed in different climate conditions: in Nordic and Mediterranean climates, and in tropical Asian climate. The annual energy consumption of the most energy efficient office building in...

ABSTRACT: The high consumption in the buildings sector, in Portugal, implies an obstacle to the accomplishment of the purposes intrinsic to sustainable construction. To change this situation we must encourage the construction of energy efficient buildings based on a set of solutions that strive to reduce the energy consumption of buildings throughout its life cycle, while ensuring comfort for its occupants. The main objective of this article is to analyze proposals that improve energy efficiency in residential buildings, based on the calculation of energy savings associated with the use of air conditioning (to assure a certain comfort temperature) and their payback period. To this end a case study was established. The energy performance assessment, before and after the implementation of the improvement strategies, was done trough a dynamic analysis with the EnergyPlus software. The use of the considered strategies improves the energy efficiency of buildings, such as the case study, with different payback periods.

1991

Architecture Energy conservation Thermal insulation Ventilation Windows 20. ABSTRACT (Continue on reverse aide if necessary and identify by block number) This report scans current building designs and describes, for the layman, ways that buildings could be designed for improved energy consumption. Topics of building design addressed are insulation, thermal bridges, ventilation, orientation, lighting, windows, and solar heat.

Buildings are mainly designed to provide comfortable shelter for the occupants with minimal variation in indoor conditions and minimal requirements for space conditioning by external means. A considerable share of energy is required for space conditioning, especially if the building is located in regions of harsh (cold or hot) climatic conditions. If the building envelope is properly oriented and designed with optimum proportions, the solar energy incident on the building envelope can be effectively controlled for promoting winter heating and for preventing summer cooling. In this paper, the total solar radiation on various building orientations in the Climate of Chennai in India is analyzed to identify optimum orientation and optimum aspect ratios of a rectangular building for solar control. The extent of increased solar radiation on the outer surface of the buildings with non-optimum orientation and aspect ratios is also discussed. Relative values of thermal delays and decrement factors required for various building surfaces are suggested.