THE ESSENTIAL NUTRIENT ELEMENT FOR THE CROP

Trends in Biosciences, 2017

Plants require fourteen mineral elements for their nutrition at least. These can be include as the macronutrients nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), potassium (K), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) and sulphur (S) and the micronutrients chlorine (Cl), boron (B), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni) and molybdenum (Mo). These are obtained from the soil. Crop production is limited often by low phytoavailability of essential mineral elements and/or the presence of excessive concentrations of potentially toxic mineral elements, such as sodium (Na), Cl, B, Fe, Mn and aluminium (Al), in the soil solution.It provides plant mineral nutrition and explains how mineral elements are absorbed by roots and distributed within various part of the plants. It introduces the concept of the ionome (the elemental composition of a subcellular structure, cell, tissue or organism), and observes that the activities of transport proteins determine species-speciûc, tissue and cellular ionomes. Mineral nutrients has a signiûcant component of culture media but are overlooked as possible morphogenic elicitors. The combination of minerals for a particular plant species and developmental pathway are usually determined by the empirical manipulation of one or a combination. It then describes how current research is addressing the problems of mineral toxicities in agricultural soils to provide food security and the optimization of fertilizer applications for economic and environmental sustainability. it contribute sufûcient mineral elements for adequate animal and human nutrition.

2001

The objectives of the Workshop were to discuss newly emerging concepts of the mechanisms that plants use to acquire soil nutrients, and to relate those concepts in the context of applied agriculture. Some 40 papers and posters highlighting recent advances in this exciting field were presented. I greatly appreciate the efforts of the authors in critically evaluating the past work and presenting new experimental findings and concepts of both theoretical and applied significance. The scope of the Workshop was defined by the Organizing Committee-the members of which are the editors of this book-by holding regular discussions for one year prior to the Workshop. The Committee also received excellent professional support from several staff members and researchers of NIAES in organizing the Workshop. I express my sincere thanks to all of them. I am confident that this book will serve as a valuable reference for researchers, students, and extension staff in their efforts to develop more effective approaches to sustainable nutrient management.

The Proceedings of the International Plant Nutrition Colloquium Xvi, 2009

IASET, 2021

Secondary macronutrients are less commonly yield limiting than the primary macronutrients (N, P, and K), yet are required by crops in relatively large amounts. Sulfur (S), calcium (Ca), and magnesium (Mg) are considered secondary macronutrients because they are less commonly yield limiting than the primary macronutrients (N, P, and K), yet are required by crops in relatively large amounts. Sulfur is the fourth major nutrient and it is essential for plant growth .It is essential for the formation of certain amino acids, proteins, and oils; is a structural component of protoplasm. Calcium, a structural component of plant cell walls, is most abundant in plant leaves. It is involved in cell growth, both at the plant terminal and at the root tips, and apparently enhances uptake of nitrate-N. Mg plays a critical role in nearly all parts of plant metabolism and protein synthesis, and is an essential constituent of chlorophyll. Mg is less required by Plants than Ca. Plant growth will take place normally until it is restricted by the supply of an essential nutrient. A deficiency of any essential nutrient cannot be corrected by the addition of other crop inputs. Excess of one plant food element may cause deficiency of another. Excess of N causes K starvation in certain crops. Short supply of any nutrient leads to adverse cellular metabolism, growth and development of plants. Such plants bear abnormal symptoms termed as visual deficiency symptoms. Toxic conditions such as excessive soil acidity may prevent plant roots from growing or perhaps nutrients are simply in low supply. Nutrients are essential for the metabolism of crop plants hence growth and yield as well as can be considered as an important component in plant-disease interactions.

2020

The elements of plants for the uptake of nutrients occurs by micro and macronutrients, these are responsible for the growth and the development of plants. Micronutrients are required in small quantities whereas Macronutrients are required in large Disease resistance and the production of crop is maintained by micronutrients (Gupta et al., 2008). Major nutrient uptake and metabolism activities in plant and various process like development of plant cell wall, photosynthesis, respiration activities, formation of chlorophyll, activity of enzymes, synthesis of hormones, fixation of nitrogen and reduction activities etc, Micronutrients increase the quality, yield and post-harvest life of horticulture produce (Raja, 2009). Foliar feeding supplies micronutrients, hormones and spraying of nutrients to plants.

1994

for plants as well as supplying moisture, air, and nutrients to the roots. Soil fertility and plant nutrition are very important components of the crop production scenario, but the basic principles of soil fertility and plant nutrient management are often taken for granted and sometimes totally ignored by growers. This uninformed perspective ultimately may cost the farmer many extra dollars in suboptimal yields and reduced fertilizer efficiency. Improperly managed nutrients also may create environmental problems if they are allowed to contaminate surface and ground waters.

2010

Essential Elements At least 16 elements are required for normal plant growth and development. Each of these elements has a specific function in plant metabolism and a deficiency of any one can limit plant growth. Carbon (C), hydrogen (H), and oxygen (O) are derived from the air or water and are generally not growth limiting. The 13 remaining elements are derived from the soil and are supplied to plants by natural soil processes. These 13 elements can be categorized further into macronutrients and micronutrients. Three elements nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) are considered primary macronutrients because they are often required in larger quantities than are made available through natural soil processes. The secondary macronutrients: calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), and sulfur (S), are needed in lower quantities than the primary macronutrients and, except for acid sandy soils, are usually not deficient in Minnesota soils. The micronutrients: iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), zinc...