Samsat Höyük'te Bulunmuş Uruk Dönemi Tahıl Deposu

2016

Bu e-dergide yayınlanan makalelerin yayın hakkı saklıdır. MASROP E-Dergi'de yer alan makaleler tekil ve toplu şekilde dijital veya matbu olarak çoğaltılamaz. Yazılar ve görseller hiçbir şekilde ticari olarak kullanılamaz. Bilimsel yayınlarda kaynak gösterilerek alıntı halinde kısmi kullanımı mümkündür. Makalelerin görsellerinin bilimsel amaçlı kullanımı yazarının iznine bağlıdır. Makale görselleri kaynak gösterilmediği sürece yazarına aittir. Makalelerdeki yazın ve görsel içeriğin yasal sorumlusu yazarıdır.

Belleten Turk Tarih Kurumu, 2003

De~erli meslekda~~= Prof.Dr. U~ur Silistreli'nin vefau üzerine ara verilen Kö~k Höyük kaz~lar~na, Ni~de Müzesi ad~na 1995 y~l~nda tekrar ba~-lanm~~t~r. Dr. Silistreli taraf~ndan aç~~a ç~kar~lan mimari ve küçük eserler, onun an~s~na ekibimiz taraf~ndan haz~rlanmakta olan Kö~k Höyük I adl~~ kitapta yay~mlanacakt~r. Bu makalenin konusu ise 1995-1996 y~llar~nda aç~~a ç~kar~lm~~°, I. kata ait iki evreli bir ev ve buluntular~d~r. M~MAR~: Kö~k Höyük ve devri için özgün olan bu yap~, daha önce kaz~lm~~~ bir evin güneyinde 2 , ona biti~ik konumdad~r. Kom~usu ile bir duvar~~ ortak olan ev (1. evre), bir süre sonra geçirdi~i yang~nla tahrip olmu~, yerine ayn~~ dönemde bir ba~kas~~ (2. evre) yap~lm~~t~r. Yeni topografik haritada G/11-12 plankarelerinde yer alan evler, ölçü, plan ve iç donan~m bak~m~ndan farkl~~ özellikler ta~~maktad~r. I. Evre: Konut, ilk in~aa edildi~i dönemde 9.00X 6.75 m. ölçülerinde, düzensiz dikdörtgen planl~d~r. Duvarlar, farkl~~ ölçülerde düzensiz olarak yap~lm~~t~r. Bunlardan bat~~ yönünde olan~~ 54-74 cm., kuzeydeki 60-90 cm., do~udaki 55-74 cm., güneydeki ise 44-50 cm. aras~nda de~i~en kahnl~klardad~r. Kom~usu ile ortak kuzey duvar~~ k~smen tahrip olmu~tur (Res.1) 3. D~~~ duvarlar~n yap~-m~nda 10x 20x8, 20x 30x 12 cm. ölçülerinde k~rma ta~lar kullan~lm~~t~r. Ta~

B. Horejs – Ch. Schwall, Çukuriçi Höyük. Batı Anadolu’da Erken Tunç Çağı I Dönemi Metal Üretim Merkezi, in: M. Işıklı – E. Fidan – A. Türker – M. A. Yılmaz (eds.), MÖ III. Binyılda Anadolu (Istanbul 2022) 209–224. Çukuriçi Höyük: Metal Production Centre of Early Bronze Age I in Western Anatolia The Early Bronze Age I period (3000-2750 BC) in the Aegean and in western Anatolia marks a crucial step within the gradual formation of proto-urban societies during the 3 rd millennium BC. However, this development has to be seen as the result of a dynamic socio-cultural process, which had already started in the previous millennia of the Chalcolithic period. The integration of communities into stable communication and exchange systems affected the organisation of settlements as shown by the case study of Çukuriçi Höyük. The excavation results at Çukuriçi Höyük demonstrate a high level of craft specialization on a household level as well as the regional and interregional connectivity of its metal-producing communities. The sites' location at the central Aegean coast of western Anatolia offers an ideal environment for terrestrial and maritime communication routes. This contribution focuses on different layers of communication evident in objects, raw materials, practices and technologies. Several aspects will be discussed, such as the use of a standardized weight system, metal and textile production, pottery technologies, and raw material procurement strategies.

Colloquium Anatolicum, 19, 2020

The Tatarlı Höyük excavations located in Tatarlı District in 24 km east of Adana Province, Ceyhan District have started under the directorate of Assoc. Prof. K. Serdar Girginer and still continues today. During excavations between 2007 and 2019, 84 coins and one Nuremberg token were found in the citadel section. Out of these coins 32 were positively identified, while the remaining 52 weren’t, due to high corrosion. However, possible periods were determined by making use of the trenches in which 52 unidentified coins were found and their dimensions. Based on this, the origins of the captured coins are as follows: one from the Macedonia Kingdom, 26 from the Seleucid Kingdom, 43 from the Hellenistic Period (between 2nd and 1st Century BC) city mint, one from the Tarcondimotus Kingdom, six from the Roman Empire, four from the Antioch Crusader Principality, two from the Cilician Armenian Kingdom, and one from the Ottoman Empire.

OLBA, 2019

Halime Hüryılmaz'a Armağan, 2023

Both the settlement mound and the lower city of Samsat were excavated by the team of Prof. Dr. Nimet Özgüç between 1979 and 1989. The Southwestern area revealed  nds and features of the Early Bronze Age III period. Two large buildings have been unearthed in l evel 14. One was identi ed as a palace, with its walls encompassing a paved great court. The second building is a temple erected on a high terrace. Its traces extend from 7th level to the 12th level, however thick rubble under the kerpiç pavement eventually points to temple foundations extending as deep as level 14. Both buildings are roughly contemporaneous. The temple possesses extensive stone pavements bordered by thick kerpiç walls. The high terrace temple resembles both Arslantepe (dated to the Chalcolithic) and Tell Mozan (Early Bronze Age) temple buildings. The temple at Samsat, dated to the Middle Bronze Age, therefore seems to retain older temple plan traditions.

2016

Insanlik tarihi kadar eski bir gecmise sahip olan Guneydogu Anadolu Bolgesi; tarihsel caglarin baslangici surecinde cok onemli bir basamak olusturmustur. Bolgenin cografi konumu ve iklimin uygunlugu tarihsel sureclere onemli bir zemin olusturmustur. Bolge; Orta Firat ve Dicle bolumunden olusur. Bolgenin akarsularini olusturan Firat ve Dicle Nehri sosyokulturel ve stratejik acidan bolgeye onem kazandirmis, cesitli uygarliklara ev sahipligi yapmistir. Ataturk Baraji insa faaliyetleri sebebiyle arkeolojik kurtarma kazilari baslatilmistir. Kurtarma kazilari kapsaminda kazilan yerlerden birisi de Guneydogu Anadolu Bolgesi’nde bulunan Adiyaman’a bagli Samsat Ilcesi’nde olan Hayaz Hoyuk’ tur. Hayaz Hoyuk bolgede Ilk Tunc Cag’i donemine ait buluntulari ile gunumuzde de onemini korumaktadir. Gunumuzde Ataturk Baraji sulari altinda kalmis bir hoyuktur.

MORS IMMATURA. IN THE SHADOW OF AMANUS IN MEMORIAM HAYRİYE AKIL, 2020

Tatarlı Höyük, which is one of the largest settlements in Ovalık Cilicia, is located 24 km east of Ceyhan district of Adana province and 5 km north of Mustafabeyli town of the district. Especially, the settlement, which reflects the rich culture of the 2nd millennium BC and with its monumental architectural elements, lost its wealth during the Hellenistic Period and became a provincial settlement. The finds uncovered in the Hellenistic Period layer with two architectural phases (TH. IIa-IIb) in the mound, together with the hearths and platforms found on the edges of the quarries and the walls, indicate the workshop function of these structures. While the pyramidal, conical and discoid shaped weights and spindle whorls, as well as bone tools, obtained from these spaces, proves the textile production in Tatarlı Höyük; production-oriented function. The millstones, which are the subject of this article and which are associated with cereal activities, were also found in different areas of the settlement. layer (TH. II a-b). The 7 Olynthus mills, 3 of which were uncovered in Tatarli during the years 2011-2018, belong to the I₁ group according to R. Frankel’s classification, Phase II (TH. IIa). According to the data obtained from the excavations in 2007, the Hellenistic Period was dated between the 3rd and 1st centuries BC; ceramics constitute the Hellenistic ceramic repertoire of the settlement. Based on these data, it is assumed that the early phase of the Hellenistic Period (TH. IIb) started in the 3rd century BC. At the end of the 2nd century BC, which was the end of the IIb phase, the settlement began to shrink and the architectural orientation changed during the IIa phase, resulting in simpler and sloppy structures. With this period, a large number of loom weights and spindle whorls recovered in phase IIa structures and workshops led to the assumption that towards the end of the period, Tatarlı Höyük turned to an economy based entirely on textile production. In parallel with this idea, the transformation of the settlement to a textile-based subsistence economy, which has diminished the grain-producing character, should have rendered the Olynthus mills which have standardized the grain production jobs dysfunctional.

Harput İç Kale'de, 2014 ve 2017 yılları arasında yapılan kazılarda farklı plankarelerde bulunan benzer tiplerdeki 10 adet bakır Artuklu sikkesinin tanıtılması; bununla beraber Artukluların sikke tasvirlerinde çağdaşı olan devletlerden ve geçmiş uygarlıklardan nasıl etkilendikleri sorusunun sikkeler ışığında cevaplanması makalenin amacını oluşturmaktadır. Harput İç Kale'de ele geçirilen Artuklu sikkelerinin bir makaleye ilk kez konu olması da makalenin önemini ortaya koymaktadır. Makalenin giriş bölümü iki başlıktan oluşmaktadır: İlkin Harput İç Kale kazılarının tarihçesi hakkında bilgi verilmiş, sonra Harput'ta Artukoğulları Devri anlatılmıştır. Değerlendirme bölümünde, sikkeler üzerindeki tasvirler melek ve büst tasvirli olarak iki grupta incelenmiş, bu tasvirlerin ne anlama geldiği farklı yorumlar katılarak izah edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Sonuç bölümünde, sikkeler üzerindeki yazı ve betimlemelerin ortak özellikleri, farklılıkları ele alınarak tablo ile açıklanmıştır. Buna göre tarafımızca; 1-4 numaralı sikkeler Fahreddin Kara Arslan, 5 ve 6 numaralı sikkeler Nureddin Muhammed, 7-10 numaralı sikkeler ise İmameddin Ebubekir Dönemlerine tarihlenmiştir. Katalog bölümünde sikkeler kronolojik olarak yerleştirilmiştir. Sikkeler ait oldukları döneme ve (varsa) darp yıllarına göre sıralanmıştır. Katalogda kodlar arasındaki farklılık, 2017 yılı kazı sezonunda plankarelerin deniz seviyesine olan yüksekliğinin temel alınmasından kaynaklanmaktadır. Anahtar Kelimeler: Harput, Harput Kalesi, Kazı, Artuklular, Artuklu Sikkeleri. Abstract This statement focuses on presenting 10 copper Artuqid coin that was found in different sections of Harput Inner Castle Excavations between 2014 and 2017, and also answering how Artuqids be affected for descriptions on coins by other states that exist past and his own period. Also, being an article subject first time of Artuqid coins that was found in Harput Inner castle is also reveals the importance of this article. Statement's intoduction title consist two parts: presenting informations about history of Harput Inner Castle Excavations, and Artuqid Era in Harput. In the examination title, descriptions on coins examined in groups of angel and bustdescriptioned coins, and also, meanings of coin's descriptions explained by using different interpretations. In the result title, differencies and similarities of writings and descriptions on coins explained with using chart. According to this, 1-4 numbered coins belongs to Fahrettin Kara Arslan era, 5 and 6 numbered coins are belongs to Nureddin Muhammed era, and 7-10 numbered coins are belongs to İmameddin Ebubekir era. In the catalog section, coins are placed by cronological order. Coins sorted by its periods and (if exist) making years. Due to the grids are based on sea-level in 2017 excavation season, there is a differencies between codes in catalogue.

Prehistorik Dönemde Uzmanlaşmaya Dair Bir Model: Ulucak Höyük Seramik Üretim Atölyesi (MÖ 6005-5840), 2024

The subject of this article is the pottery production workshop unearthed at Ulucak Höyük and dated to the beginning of the 6th millennium BCE. Ulucak Höyük is located in the town of Ulucak in Kemalpaşa district of İzmir. As one of the earliest Neolithic settlements of Western Anatolia, the site was first inhabited in 6850/6800 BCE and the habitation continued uninterruptedly until 5670 BCE. The pottery production workshop was found in Level IVc of the Ulucak Höyük sequence, dating to the Late Neolithic Period. It has been suggested that pottery production became a specialized production activity in Western Asia and the Aegean during the 6th millennium BCE based on technological analyses of pottery and the discovery of ceramic kilns at certain sites. Nonetheless, the specialized pottery production workshop at Ulucak, dating to the early 6th millennium BCE, is the only case so far to suggest that particular groups of people carried out pottery production. It also provides direct archaeological evidence for every stage of pottery production; from paste preparing and shaping to surface treatment and firing of pots. This article discusses the chronological and cultural background of the workshop, its architectural features, the nature and spatial distribution of the finds, as well as the results of the fingerprint analyses of ceramics and clay loaves, and the chemical analyses (ICP-MS) of red paint, lime, ash and clay loaves. We interpret these results in the context of early ceramic specialization.

Acemhöyük, situated at the southern half of Anatolia, where four main roads intersect, easily communicated with the surrounding regions and beyond, through its easily accessible position. Especially, the Acemhöyük settlers, who had established a strong trading network during the Old Assyrian Age, effectively made use of this suitable position. As a result, the increased wealth was reflected in its pottery along with many other items. In the excavations of Acemhöyük, being conducted for more than 40 years, many pottery finds have been unearthed attesting this situation, which is being discussed in this thesis titled as “Acemhöyük Pottery in the Old Assyrian Trade Age”. In the VIth and partially in the Vth levels of the settlement, the Transition Phase from the Early Bronze into the Old Assyrian Age is observed; and in the IVth level the Early phase of the Old Assyrian Age is observed. These levels have only been investigated in a limited area and for a short period. The most remarkable period of Acemhöyük is the Late Phase of the Old Assyrian Age at the IIIrd level of the settlement. In this level, which can also be named as “The Monumental Buildings Phase”, two palace buildings and one Service Building has been unearthed so far, and in the rooms of these buildings rare and precious finds of the era have been found. In the IInd and Ist levels, the characteristic of the pottery has not changed, eventhough the same can not be told for the monumental architecture. The Lower City/Karum Area of the settlement consists of four levels and has a parallel progress with the top part of the settlement. In the Transition Phase and the Early Phase of the Old Assyrian Age of Acemhöyük, the pottery with painted decoration inherited from the Early Bronze Age, declines significantly and leaves its space to monochrome ceramic. In this phase, the production of the wheelmade painted pottery begins and for the first time, this pottery is observed besides the hand made painted pottery. In the Late Phase of the Old Assyrian Age the bands on painted pottery get narrower. In this phase, the painted vessels reduce in number, however, the variety of the painted decorations increase. Also the area where the painted decoration is applied gets constricted, especially the upper half of the vessels are preferred for applying the decorations. In the Ist level of the settlement, the pottery with painted decoration looses its charm. The predominant pottery group of Acemhöyük in the Old Assyrian Age is monochrome pottery. Among the slipped and slip-polished vessels red (wine red) is the most, and brown is the second most preferred color. The other major group, the buff coloured pottery reflects the color of its dough and is wet-smoothed. The Acemhöyük vessels are metallic bright, due to being well polished. Likewise, the vessel types known to be having rounded body shapes from earlier periods, take a carinated body shape in the Late Old Assyrian Age, and this confirms that these pottery vessels are an imitation of metal examples. Also, many stone vessels found in Acemhöyük are imitated. Ivory vessels are imitated as well. These vessel types, utilized with great admiration, were also depicted in seal impressions. The known vessel types of Acemhöyük and their rich derivatives appear in the IIIrd level. The Acemhöyük vessels have a flat appearance and this the most characteristic feature of the Acemhöyük Late Old Assyrian Age vessels. These vessel types, appearing in the Late Old Assyrian Age levels will be inherited to the Hittite Age. The most important partner of Acemhöyük has been Kültepe-Kaniş. Most of the vessel types recorded in Acemhöyük is found in Kültepe as well. It is obvious that the Kültepe finds are more diverse. The vessel types of the different levels of Kültepe exhibit distinct differences, in Acemhöyük this difference is not as obvious. Acemhöyük also had close relations with the settlements within the Halys arc, its vessel types exhibit similarities especially with the vessel types of Alişar, Boğazköy and Alaca Höyük. The northwestern limit of the Acemhöyük Old Assyrian Age pottery is Polatlı-Karahöyük. There has been a long lasting relation between Acemhöyük and Beycesultan, a settlement in the interior Agean Region. Konya-Karahöyük, situated between these two settlements exhibit a parallel layering, however differ with its vessels having a dim appearance. The eastern frame of Acemhöyük consists of the Middle Euphrates settlements. The Acemhöyük pottery is native, however it is not restricted to Anatolia. Some vessel types in Acemhöyük indicate contacts with Syria through the Amuq Plain. Many vessel types are common with Yumuktepe and Gözlükule, situated in Cilicia. Also many vessel types found in Cyprus, Crete, Agean Islands and Greece are known in Acemhöyük, mostly they are not used earlier than in Acemhöyük.

Kapadokya, 2019