Decipherment of Mehrgarh Pasupati seal as sodagor 'merchant'

Ibni-Sharrum cylinder seal of ca. 2350-2170 BCE is a wealth-accounting, metalwork catalogue in Meluhha, Indus Script. The Indus Script hieroglyphs of the gaur, ox, gaur or wild buffalo and water-buffalo are signifiers of R̥gveda gomr̥ga rendered rebus in vernacular Indian sprachbund Meluhha dialects as raṅga 'tin, pewter, tin foil'. *mēṇḍhī ʻ lock of hair, curl ʼ. [Cf. *mēṇḍha -- 1 s.v. *miḍḍa -- ] S. mī˜ḍhī f., ˚ḍho m. ʻ braid in a woman's hair ʼ, L. mē̃ḍhī f.; G. mĩḍlɔ, miḍ˚ m. ʻ braid of hair on a girl's forehead ʼ; M. meḍhā m. ʻ curl, snarl, twist or tangle in cord or thread ʼ.(CDIAL 10312) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.Santali) The adorant with six curls on hair: bhaṭa ‘six' (Gujarati) rebus: bhaṭa ‘warrior’; meḍhā 'curl' rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ bhāḍ 'iron furnace'. Thus, the message of the adorant with six curls of hair signifies: meḍ bhāḍ 'iron furnace'. The overflowing pots held by the adorants signify: lokhãḍ 'metal implements, pots and pans, metalware'. bhaṭa ‘six' (Gujarati) rebus: bhaṭa ‘warrior’ rebus: baṭa ‘iron’ (Gujarati) bhāḍ 'furnace' (Marathi) 9656 bhráṣṭra n. ʻ frying pan, gridiron ʼ MaitrS. [√bhrajj] Pk. bhaṭṭha -- m.n. ʻ gridiron ʼ; K. büṭhü f. ʻ level surface by kitchen fireplace on which vessels are put when taken off fire ʼ; S. baṭhu m. ʻ large pot in which grain is parched, large cooking fire ʼ, baṭhī f. ʻ distilling furnace ʼ; L. bhaṭṭh m. ʻ grain -- parcher's oven ʼ, bhaṭṭhī f. ʻ kiln, distillery ʼ, awāṇ. bhaṭh; P. bhaṭṭh m., ˚ṭhī f. ʻ furnace ʼ, bhaṭṭhā m. ʻ kiln ʼ; N. bhāṭi ʻ oven or vessel in which clothes are steamed for washing ʼ; A. bhaṭā ʻ brick -- or lime -- kiln ʼ; B. bhāṭi ʻ kiln ʼ; Or. bhāṭi ʻ brick -- kiln, distilling pot ʼ; Mth. bhaṭhī, bhaṭṭī ʻ brick -- kiln, furnace, still ʼ; Aw.lakh. bhāṭhā ʻ kiln ʼ; H. bhaṭṭhā m. ʻ kiln ʼ, bhaṭ f. ʻ kiln, oven, fireplace ʼ; M. bhaṭṭā m. ʻ pot of fire ʼ, bhaṭṭī f. ʻ forge ʼ. -- X bhástrā -- q.v. bhrāṣṭra -- ; *bhraṣṭrapūra -- , *bhraṣṭrāgāra -- . Addenda: bhráṣṭra -- : S.kcch. bhaṭṭhī keṇī ʻ distil (spirits) ʼ. 9657 *bhraṣṭrapūra ʻ gridiron -- cake ʼ. [Cf. bhrāṣṭraja -- ʻ pro- duced on a gridiron ʼ lex. -- bhráṣṭra -- , pūra -- 2] P. bhaṭhūhar, ˚hrā, bhaṭhūrā, ˚ṭhorū m. ʻ cake of leavened bread ʼ; -- or < *bhr̥ṣṭapūra -- . 9658 *bhraṣṭrāgāra ʻ grain parching house ʼ. [bhráṣṭra -- , agāra -- ] P. bhaṭhiār, ˚ālā m. ʻ grainparcher's shop ʼ. 9684 bhrāṣṭra m. ʻ gridiron ʼ Nir., adj. ʻ cooked on a grid- iron ʼ Pāṇ., ˚ka -- m. (n.?) ʻ frying pan ʼ Pañcat. [NIA. forms all < eastern MIA. *bhāṭha -- , but like Pk. none show medial aspirate except G. with -- ḍ -- poss. < -- ḍh -- . -- bhráṣṭra -- , √bhrajj]Pk. bhāḍa -- n. ʻ oven for parching grain ʼ; Phal. bhaṛ<-> ʻ to roast, fry ʼ (NOPhal 31 < bhr̥kta -- with ?); L. bhāṛ ʻ oven ʼ; Ku. bhāṛ ʻ iron oven, fire, furnace ʼ; Bi. bhār ʻ grain -- parcher's fireplace ʼ, (N of Ganges) bhaṛ -- bhū̃jā ʻ grain -- parcher ʼ; OAw. bhārū, pl. ˚rā m. ʻ oven, furnace ʼ; H. bhāṛ m. ʻ oven, grain -- parcher's fireplace, fire ʼ; G. bhāḍi f. ʻ oven ʼ, M. bhāḍ n.*bhrāṣṭraśālikā -- . 9685 *bhrāṣṭraśālikā ʻ furnace house ʼ. [bhrāṣṭra -- , śāˊlā -- ]H. bharsārī f. ʻ furnace, oven ʼ. This is an addendum to: https://tinyurl.com/qdr3vcy Farmana Indus Script seal deciphered, water-buffalo with rings on neck 'pewter workshop',koDiyum, torc (neck-ring) of Cernunnos on Gundestrup cauldron, Pillar of Boatmen khaṇṭi ‘buffalo bull’ (Tamil) Rebus: khãḍ '(metal) tools, pots and pans' (Gujarati) Hypertext: overflowing pot: lokhãḍ ‘overflowing pot’ Rebus: ʻtools, iron, ironwareʼ (Gujarati) The overflowing pot is a signifier of production of metal implements. See: https://tinyurl.com/y8kq53kl (embedded) When this is demonstrated on seals in front of a bull or buffalo, the the bovine is a signifier of metal alloys. The 'star' hieroglyph shown on one seal reads: मेढ mēḍha The polar star. मेढंगमत, मेढजोशी, मेढदाई, मेढमत mēḍhaṅgamata, mēḍhajōśī, mēḍhadāī, mēḍhamata See मेढेमत, मेढेजोशी, मेढेदाई &c. मेढेजोशी mēḍhējōśī m A stake-जोशी; a जोशी who keeps account of the तिथि &c., by driving stakes into the ground: also a class, or an individual of it, of fortune-tellers, diviners, presagers, seasonannouncers, almanack-makers &c. They are Shúdras and followers of the मेढेमत q. v. 2 Jocosely. The hereditary or settled (quasi fixed as a stake) जोशी of a village. मेढेमत mēḍhēmata n (मेढ Polar star, मत Dogma or sect.) A persuasion or an order or a set of tenets and notions amongst the Shúdra-people. Founded upon certain astrological calculations proceeding upon the North star. Hence मेढेजोशी or डौरीजोशी. Rebus: मेध mēdha m Yajna; In comp. as अश्वमेध, नरमेध.मेध a sacrificial animal , victim VS. Br. S3rS.; an animal-sacrifice , offering , oblation , any sacrifice (esp. ifc.) ib. MBh. &c मेधा f. mental vigour or power , intelligence , prudence , wisdom (pl. products of intelligence , thoughts , opinions) RV. &cIntelligence personified (esp. as the wife of धर्म and daughter of दक्ष) MBh. R. Hariv. Pur.a form of सरस्वती; = धन नैघण्टुक , commented on by यास्क ii , 10. kneeling adorant బత్తుడు battuḍu. n. A worshipper.பத்தர்³ pattar, n. < bhakta. 1. Devotees, votaries Rebus: பத்தர்² pattar, n. < T. battuḍu. A caste title of goldsmiths; தட்டார் பட்டப்பெயருள் ஒன்று. பத்தர்&sup5; pattar, n. perh. vartaka. Merchants; வியாபாரிகள். http://www.antiquesatoz.com/golf/Images/sum13-4.jpg Cylinder seal of Ibni Sharrum (Louvre Museum) https://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/cylinder-seal-ibni-sharrum "This chlorite cylinder seal belonged to Ibni-sharrum, scribe of King Sharkalisharri, king of Akkad (present-day Iraq), son and successor of Naram-sin (3rd millennium BC), as indicated by the cuneiform inscription between two animals. It depicts two heroes watering buffaloes with gushing vases, probably two acolytes of the great Sumero-Chaldean god ENKI (Ea)." http://www.roxanephoto.com/france/paris/louvre/photos/cylindre-buffles.php Courtesy, The Louvre, Paris, respectively copyright RMN/Franck Raux and RMN/Thierry Ollivier. More at http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/cylinder-seal-carved-elongated-bu... http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/cylinder-seal-ibni-sharrum "Cylinder Seal of Ibni-Sharrum, described as "one of the most striking examples of the perfection attained by carvers in the Agade period [2350–2170 BCE]. . . . The decoration, which is characteristic of the Agade period, shows two buffaloes that have just slaked their thirst in the stream of water spurting from two vases held by two naked kneeling heroes." It belonged to Ibni-Sharrum, the scribe of King Sharkali-Sharri, who succeeded his father Naram-Sin. The caption cotinues: "The two naked, curly-headed heroes are arranged symmetrically, half-kneeling. They are both holding vases from which water is gushing as a symbol of fertility and abundance; it is also the attribute of the god of the river, Enki-Ea, of whom these spirits of running water are indeed the acolytes. Two arni, or water buffaloes, have just drunk from them. Below the scene, a river winds between the mountains represented conventionally by a pattern of two lines of scales. The central cartouche bearing an inscription is held between the buffaloes' horns." The buffalo was known to have come from ancient Indus lands by the Akkadians." https://www.harappa.com/blog/indus-cylinder-seals-louvre • Héros acolytes d'Ea abreuvant des buffles " A masterpiece of glyptic art This seal, which belonged to Ibni-Sharrum, the scribe of King Sharkali-Sharri, who succeeded his father Naram-Sin, is one of the most striking examples of the perfection attained by carvers in the Agade period. The two naked, curly-headed heroes are arranged symmetrically, half-kneeling. They are both holding vases from which water is gushing as a symbol of fertility and abundance; it is also the attribute of the god of the river, Enki-Ea, of whom these spirits of running water are indeed the acolytes. Two arni, or water buffaloes, have just drunk from them. Below the scene, a river winds between the mountains represented conventionally by a pattern of two lines of scales. The central cartouche bearing an inscription is held between the buffaloes' horns. A scene testifying to relations with distant lands Buffaloes are emblematic animals in glyptic art in the Agade period. They first appear in the reign of Sargon, indicating sustained relations between the Akkadian Empire and the distant country of Meluhha, that is, the present Indus Valley, where these animals come from. These exotic creatures were probably kept in zoos and do not seem to have been acclimatized in Iraq at the end of the 3rd millennium BC. Indeed, it was not until the Sassanid Empire that they reappeared. The engraver has carefully accentuated the animals' powerful muscles and spectacular horns, which are shown as if seen from above, as they appear on the seals of the Indus. The production of a royal workshop The calm balance of the composition, based on horizontal and vertical lines, gives this tiny low relief a classical monumental character, typical of the style of the late Akkadian period. Seals of this quality were the preserve of the entourage of the royal family or high dignitaries and were probably made in a workshop whose production was reserved for this elite."

Rudra-Śiva mūrti of Tala, Indus Script Hypertext signifies dhā̆vaḍ 'smelter', kammaṭa 'mint', kol 'smithy/forge' I submit that an extraordinary pratimā, mūrti (sacred personification), venerated in Chattisgarh is an Indus Script hypertext. This suggests that the people of Chattisgarh are in the lineage of the builders of Sarasvati Civilization. The sacred pratimā, mūrti of puruṣa 'Supreme Being' is a hypertext composed of Indus Script hieroglyphs to signify the attributes of dhā̆vaḍ, 'smelter of metals' and phaḍa 'metals workshop'. Red sandstone sculpture.Said to be Rudra-Śiva Devrani-Jethani Temples, Tala, Chattisgarh. See also other examples of such sacred sculptures in Dholkal (Chattisgarh) and Gardez (Afghanistan): Dholkal Ganeśa restored. Indus Script hieroglyph tradition restored. http://tinyurl.com/jmvqrtt Ganesha, Indus Script tradition. significance of hieroglyphs on Dholkal, Bastar, Chattisgarh Ganesha with metal chain and pine cone https://www.academia.edu/s/32bd84b1b4 Tridhātu as Gaṇeśa, Tridhātu on Indus Script metalwork for crucible steel, ādhyātmikā metaphor pr̥thvyaptejorūpadhātu (R̥gveda) http://tinyurl.com/kptlbz3 Tri-dhātu Gaṇeśa in Gardez; Indus Script hypertext cipher, ib 'iron worker’, phaḍa, 'manufactory in-charge' https://tinyurl.com/y7vo7gqx Some of the hieroglyphs rendered in rebus readings are: karṇa ‘ears' rebus: karṇī 'supercargo' karṇaka ‘helmsman’ The hypertext is peacock's feathers PLUS black drongo: maraka 'peacock' rebus: marakaka 'copper alloy, calcining metal' pōlaḍu, 'black drongo',rebus: pōlaḍ, 'steel'kamaḍha 'crab' Rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage' karibha 'trunk of elephant'; ibha 'elephant' Rebus: karba 'iron' (Tulu). ib 'iron' (Santali) ibbo 'merchant' panja 'feline paw' rebus: panja 'kiln, furnace' bicha 'scorpion' (Assamese) rebus: bica 'haematite stone ore' karā, karavā 'crocodile' rebus: khār खार् । 'blacksmith' khambhaṛā' 'fish-fin' rebus: kammaṭa 'mint, coiner, coinage' aya 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' (Gujarati) ayas 'alloy metal' (R̥gveda) PLUS dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' फडा phaḍā f (फटा S) The hood of Coluber Nága &c. Ta. patam cobra's hood. Ma. paṭam id. Ka. peḍe id. Te. paḍaga id. Go. (S.) paṛge, (Mu.) baṛak, (Ma.) baṛki, (F-H.) biṛki hood of serpent (Voc. 2154). / Turner, CDIAL, no. 9040, Skt. (s)phaṭa-, sphaṭā- a serpent's expanded hood, .rebus: phaḍa 'metals manufactory, account register' paṭṭaḍa 'workshop, metals workshop'. Hieroglyphs:Group 1: mũh 'face' Group 2: Kur. mūxā frog. Malt. múqe id. / Cf. Skt. mūkaka- id. (DEDR 5023) Rebus: mū̃h 'ingot' mũhe 'ingot' mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native furnace. gota 'round stone, pebble' rebus:goti 'silver' गोटी [ gōṭī ] f (Dim. of गोटा) A lump of silver: as obtained by melting down lace or fringe Below the waist, two faces of women together with cords/garlands are signified. The rebus renderings are: kola 'woman' kola 'tiger' rebus: kol working in iron' kolhe 'smelter' kolle 'blacksmith' kokkolha 'leopard' Rebus: kolhe 'smelter'. kul ‘tiger’ (Santali); kōlu id. (Te.) kōlupuli = Bengal tiger (Te.)Pk. kolhuya -- , kulha — m. ʻ jackal ʼ < *kōḍhu -- ; H.kolhā, °lā m. ʻ jackal ʼ, adj. ʻ crafty ʼ; G. kohlũ, °lũ n. ʻ jackal ʼ, M. kolhā, °lā m. krōṣṭŕ̊ ʻ crying ʼ BhP., m. ʻ jackal ʼ RV. = krṓṣṭu — m. Pāṇ. [√kruś] Pa. koṭṭhu -- , °uka — and kotthu -- , °uka — m. ʻ jackal ʼ, Pk. koṭṭhu — m.; Si. koṭa ʻ jackal ʼ, koṭiya ʻ leopard ʼ GS 42 (CDIAL 3615). कोल्हा [ kōlhā ] कोल्हें [ kōlhēṃ ] A jackal (Marathi) Rebus: kol ‘furnace, forge’ (Kuwi) kol ‘alloy of five metals, pañcaloha’ (Ta.) dāˊman1 ʻ rope ʼ RV. 2. *dāmana -- , dāmanī -- f. ʻ long rope to which calves are tethered ʼ Hariv. 3. *dāmara -- .[*dāmara -- is der. fr. n/r n. stem. -- √dā2] 1. Pa. dāma -- , inst. °mēna n. ʻ rope, fetter, garland ʼ, Pk. dāma -- n.; Wg. dām ʻ rope, thread, bandage ʼ; Tir. dām ʻ rope ʼ; Paš.lauṛ. dām ʻ thick thread ʼ, gul. dūm ʻ net snare ʼ (IIFL iii 3, 54 ← Ind. or Pers.); Shum. dām ʻ rope ʼ; Sh.gil. (Lor.) dōmo ʻ twine, short bit of goat's hair cord ʼ, gur. dōm m. ʻ thread ʼ (→ Ḍ. dōṅ ʻ thread ʼ); K. gu -- dômu m. ʻ cow's tethering rope ʼ; P. dã̄u, dāvã̄ m. ʻ hobble for a horse ʼ; WPah.bhad. daũ n. ʻ rope to tie cattle ʼ, bhal. daõ m., jaun. dã̄w; A. dāmā ʻ peg to tie a buffalo -- calf to ʼ; B. dām, dāmā ʻ cord ʼ; Or. duã̄ ʻ tether ʼ, dāĩ ʻ long tether to which many beasts are tied ʼ; H. dām m.f. ʻ rope, string, fetter ʼ, dāmā m. ʻ id., garland ʼ; G. dām n. ʻ tether ʼ, M. dāvẽ n.; Si. dama ʻ chain, rope ʼ, (SigGr) dam ʻ garland ʼ. -- Ext. in Paš.dar. damaṭāˊ, °ṭīˊ, nir. weg. damaṭék ʻ rope ʼ, Shum. ḍamaṭik, Woṭ. damṓṛ m., Sv. dåmoṛīˊ; -- with -- ll -- : N. dāmlo ʻ tether for cow ʼ, dã̄wali, dāũli, dāmli ʻ bird -- trap of string ʼ, dã̄wal, dāmal ʻ coeval ʼ (< ʻ tied together ʼ?); M. dã̄vlī f. ʻ small tie -- rope ʼ.2. Pk. dāvaṇa -- n., dāmaṇī -- f. ʻ tethering rope ʼ; S. ḍ̠āvaṇu, ḍ̠āṇu m. ʻ forefeet shackles ʼ, ḍ̠āviṇī, ḍ̠āṇī f. ʻ guard to support nose -- ring ʼ; L. ḍã̄vaṇ m., ḍã̄vaṇī, ḍāuṇī (Ju. ḍ̠ -- ) f. ʻ hobble ʼ, dāuṇī f. ʻ strip at foot of bed, triple cord of silk worn by women on head ʼ, awāṇ. dāvuṇ ʻ picket rope ʼ; P. dāuṇ, dauṇ, ludh. daun f. m. ʻ string for bedstead, hobble for horse ʼ, dāuṇī f. ʻ gold ornament worn on woman's forehead ʼ; Ku. dauṇo m., °ṇī f. ʻ peg for tying cattle to ʼ, gng. dɔ̃ṛ ʻ place for keeping cattle, bedding for cattle ʼ; A. dan ʻ long cord on which a net or screen is stretched, thong ʼ, danā ʻ bridle ʼ; B. dāmni ʻ rope ʼ; Or. daaṇa ʻ string at the fringe of a casting net on which pebbles are strung ʼ,dāuṇi ʻ rope for tying bullocks together when threshing ʼ; H. dāwan m. ʻ girdle ʼ, dāwanī f. ʻ rope ʼ, dã̄wanī f. ʻ a woman's orna<->ment ʼ; G. dāmaṇ, ḍā° n. ʻ tether, hobble ʼ, dāmṇũ n. ʻ thin rope, string ʼ, dāmṇī f. ʻ rope, woman's head -- ornament ʼ; M. dāvaṇ f. ʻ picket -- rope ʼ. -- Words denoting the act of driving animals to tread out corn are poss. nomina actionis from *dāmayati2. 3. L. ḍãvarāvaṇ, (Ju.) ḍ̠ã̄v° ʻ to hobble ʼ; A. dāmri ʻ long rope for tying several buffalo -- calves together ʼ, Or. daũ̈rā, daürā ʻ rope ʼ; Bi.daũrī ʻ rope to which threshing bullocks are tied, the act of treading out the grain ʼ, Mth. dã̄mar, daũraṛ ʻ rope to which the bullocks are tied ʼ; H. dã̄wrī f. ʻ id., rope, string ʼ, dãwrī f. ʻ the act of driving bullocks round to tread out the corn ʼ. -- X *dhāgga<-> q.v. *dāmayati2; *dāmakara -- , *dāmadhāra -- ; uddāma -- , prōddāma -- ; *antadāmanī -- , *galadāman -- , *galadāmana -- , *gōḍḍadāman -- , *gōḍḍadāmana -- , *gōḍḍadāmara -- . dāmán -- 2 m. (f.?) ʻ gift ʼ RV. [√dā1]. See dāˊtu -- . *dāmana -- ʻ rope ʼ see dāˊman -- 1. Addenda: dāˊman -- 1. 1. Brj. dã̄u m. ʻ tying ʼ. 3. *dāmara -- : Brj. dã̄wrī f. ʻ rope ʼ.(CDIAL 6283)*dāmayati2 ʻ ties with a rope ʼ. [dāˊman -- 1] Bi. dã̄wab ʻ to drive bullocks trading out grain ʼ, H. dāwnā, dã̄nā; G. dāmvũ ʻ to tie with a cord ʼ. -- Nomina actionis from this verb rather than derived directly from dāˊman -- 1, dāmanī -- (but cf. Bi. daũrī < *dāmara<-> denoting both ʻ rope ʼ and nomen actionis): N. (Tarai)dāuni ʻ threshing ʼ, Bi. daunī ʻ treading out corn ʼ, Mth. dāuni; -- Ku. daĩ f. ʻ driving oxen or buffaloes to tread out grain ʼ, N. dāĩ, dã̄i, Bi.dawã̄hī, Mth. damāhī; H. dāẽ f. ʻ tying a number of bullocks together for treading corn, the treading out, the unthreshed corn. ʼ -- S. ḍ̠āiṇu ʻ to shackle the forelegs ʼ and P. dāuṇā ʻ to hobble horse oṛ ass ʼ rather < *dāyayati.(CDIAL 6285) Rebus: 'smelter': M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron-- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ(CDIAL 6773) bhar̥kanu 'rise of penis' (N.)(CDIAL 9365) rebus: bhaṭa 'furnace, smelter' mēṇḍhra -- m.ʻ penis ʼ(Samskritam)(CDIAL 9606) rebus: मृदु mṛdu, mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' meḍ 'iron, metal' (Ho.Mu.) lo 'membrum virile' rebus: loh 'copper' lōkhaṇḍa ] n ( लोह S) Iron. metal implements'. See: Daimabad charioteer Cobra hoods arching over membrum virile of charioteer. Daimabad. फड, phaḍa, 'cobra hood' rebus: फड, phaḍa 'metalwork artisan guild in charge of manufactory'. paṭṭaḍe 'metals workshop, smithy/forge'. Testicles: muṣká m. ʻ testicle, scrotum ʼ RV. Pk. mukkha -- m.n. ʻ scrotum ʼ; Kho. (Lor.) mušk (ṣ?) ʻ testicles (?) ʼ. *muṣkapuṭikā ʻ scrotum ʼ. [muṣká -- , puṭa -- ] Kho. muc̣hoḷi ʻ testicles ʼ (< *mukṣa -- with metath.?).(CDIAL 10218, 10219) rebus: mūṣā f. ʻ crucible ʼ MārkP. A. muhi ʻ crucible ʼ, B. muchi, Or. musā, H. G. M. mūs f., Si. musā.(CDIAL 10262) Source: https://www.inditales.com/unique-rudra-shiva-of-tala/ S. Kalyanaraman, Sarasvati Research Center, December 25, 2017

Relief with Ekamukha linga. Mathura. 1st cent. CE (Fig. 6.2). This is the most emphatic representation of linga as a pillar of fire. The pillar is embedded within a brick-kiln with an angular roof and is ligatured to a tree. Hieroglyph: kuTi 'tree' rebus: kuThi 'smelter'. In this composition, the artists is depicting the smelter used for smelting to create mũh 'face' (Hindi) rebus: mũhe 'ingot' (Santali) of mēḍha 'stake' rebus: meḍ 'iron, metal' (Ho. Munda). मेड (p. 662) [ mēḍa ] f (Usually मेढ q. v.) मेडका m A stake, esp. as bifurcated. मेढ (p. 662) [ mēḍha ] f A forked stake. Used as a post. Hence a short post generally whether forked or not. मेढा (p. 665) [ mēḍhā ] m A stake, esp. as forked. 2 A dense arrangement of stakes, a palisade, a paling. मेढी (p. 665) [ mēḍhī ] f (Dim. of मेढ) A small bifurcated stake: also a small stake, with or without furcation, used as a post to support a cross piece. मेढ्या (p. 665) [ mēḍhyā ] a (मेढ Stake or post.) A term for a person considered as the pillar, prop, or support (of a household, army, or other body), the staff or stay. मेढेजोशी (p. 665) [ mēḍhējōśī ] m A stake-जोशी; a जोशी who keeps account of the तिथि &c., by driving stakes into the ground: also a class, or an individual of it, of fortune-tellers, diviners, presagers, seasonannouncers, almanack-makers &c. They are Shúdras and followers of the मेढेमत q. v. 2 Jocosely. The hereditary or settled (quasi fixed as a stake) जोशी of a village.मेंधला (p. 665) [ mēndhalā ] m In architecture. A common term for the two upper arms of a double चौकठ (door-frame) connecting the two. Called also मेंढरी & घोडा. It answers to छिली the name of the two lower arms or connections. (Marathi) मेंढा [ mēṇḍhā ] A crook or curved end rebus: meḍ 'iron, metal' (Ho. Munda) See: http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/04/sivalinga-in-dholavira-depicted-as.html Relief with Ekamukha linga. Mathura. 1st cent. CE shows a gaNa, dwarf with tuft of hair in front, a unique tradition followed by Dikshitar in Chidambaram. The gaNa is next to the smelter kuTi 'tree' Rebus: kuThi 'smelter' which is identified by the ekamukha sivalinga. mũh 'face' (Hindi) rebus: mũhe 'ingot' (Santali) mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends;kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt ko mūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron (Santali). kharva is a dwarf; kharva is a nidhi of Kubera. karba 'iron' (Tulu) A Dīkshitar from Chidambaram sporting the Mun Kudumi முன்குடுமி muṉ-kuṭumi , n. < id. +. Tuft of hair in front, dist. fr. piṉ-kuṭumi; சிர சின் முன்பக்கமாக வைத்துக்கொள்ளுங் குடுமி. சுருக் கவிழ்ந்த முன்குடுமிச் சோழியா (தனிப்பா. i, 29, 54).குடுமி¹ kuṭumi , n. [M. kuṭuma.] cf. cūḍā. 1. Tuft of hair, especially of men; ஆண்மக்க ளது மயிர். (திவா.) 2. Summit or peak of a mountain; மலையுச்சி. வடவரைக் குடுமி (கம்பரா. திருவவ. 8). 3. Top of a building; மாடத்தின் உச்சி. புயறொடுகுடுமி . . . மாடத்து (கம்பரா. நகர. 4). 4. Crown of the head; தலையுச்சி. குடுமிக்கூந்தலில் நறுநெய்பெய்து (இறை. 1, உரை). 5. Bird's crest; உச்சிக்கொண்டை. குடுமிக்கூகை (மதுரைக். 170). 6. Tip, end; நுனி. குடுமிக் கூர்ங்கல் (அகநா. 5). 7. Crown, diadem; கிரீடம். குடுமிகொண்ட மண்ணு மங்கலம் (தொல். பொ. 68). 8. Projecting corners on which a door swings; கதவின் குடுமி. தேயத் திரிந்த குடுமியவே (பெருந்தொ. 603). 9. Handle of a plough; மேழிக்குடுமி. (W.) 10. Name of a Pāṇḍya king, Mutu-kuṭumi-p-peru-vaḻuti; முது குடுமிப் பெருவழுதி என்ற பாண்டியன். குடுமிக்கோ மாற் கண்டு (புறநா. 64). 11. Determination, resolve; முடிபு. அவன் கொண்ட குடுமித்து (புறநா. 32, 10). 12. Victory, success; வெற்றி. (பிங்.)cūˊḍa1 m. ʻ protuberance on brick ʼ ŚBr., cōḍa -- 3 m. TS., cūḍā -- f. ʻ topknot on head ʼ Kālid., cūlikā -- f. ʻ cockscomb ʼ. 2. *cōṇḍa -- 3. *cōṭṭa -- 1. 4. *cunda -- 2. [← Drav. EWA i 396 with lit. -- cūlā -- f. ʻ ceremony of tonsure ʼ (which leaves the topknot, cf. the full name cūḍākaraṇa -- n.) is the same word: derivation from kṣurita -- (Tedesco JAOS 74, 133, EWA i 397) is phonet. impossible. -- But it may belong eventually to the group of words for ʻ hair ʼ (PMWS 63 ← Mu.), including jūṭa -- and listed under jáṭā -- ] 1. Pa. cūḷa -- m. ʻ swelling, protuberance, knot, crest ʼ, cūḷā -- f. ʻ topknot, cockscomb ʼ; Pk. cūḍā -- , cūlā -- , °liyā<-> f. ʻ topknot, peacock's crest, cockscomb, tiger's mane ʼ; Gy. SEeur. čui̦yapl. ʻ curls ʼ, rus. čur ʻ plait of hair ʼ, gr. čurn f., wel. čōrn ʻ lock of hair ʼ; Wg. čuṛúk ʻ long hair ʼ; Kt. čuŕ ʻ point, tip ʼ; Dm. čṓŕu, čũŕ ʻ peak, high mountain ʼ, čuŕwyéla ʻ pheasant ʼ (< ʻ *crested ʼ); Kal. rumb. čū̃ŕi ʻ long hair ʼ; Kho. čuḷ ʻ plait, woman's hair ʼ (→ Kal. čul NTS xv 269); S. cūṛa f. ʻ tenon ʼ, cūṛi f. ʻ hip ʼ; L. cūṛ f. ʻ tenon ʼ, cū̃ṛī f. ʻ hair on temples ʼ, awāṇ. cūl, pl. °lã f. ʻ tenon ʼ; P. cūl f. ʻ pivot of a hinge, tenon ʼ, cūlā m. ʻ hipbone, upper part of ox -- plough ʼ; Ku. culo ʻ mountain peak ʼ, gng. cuī ʻ topknot ʼ; N. cur ʻ tenon ʼ, curo ʻ central strand of hair ʼ, culi ʻ mountain peak ʼ; A. suli ʻ hair on head ʼ, sulā ʻ knob on a wooden sandal, any knob or protuberance ʼ; B. cul ʻ hair of head, curl ʼ, culā ʻ hair of head, lock, headdress ʼ; Or. cūṛa ʻ hump on bull or other animal ʼ, cūḷa ʻ hair on head, lock, hump on certain animals ʼ, cūlā ʻ dome on top of a building ʼ, cūḷi ʻ conical peak of hill ʼ; Bi. cūr, cūl ʻ pivot on door as hinge, wedge fastening segments of felly, end pieces of bedstead ʼ; Bhoj. curiyā ʻ iron ring fastening blade of hoe ʼ (or < cūˊḍa -- 2?); Mth. cūṛ ʻ crest, top, forehead ʼ; H. cūṛ m. ʻ topknot, ceremony of tonsure ʼ, cūṛām. ʻ topknot ʼ, cūl f. ʻ tenon ʼ; M. ċūḍ f. ʻ tuft of rice plants ʼ, ċuḷet, °ḷat n. ʻ peg of a rowlock ʼ; Ko. cuḍi f. ʻ torch of wisps ʼ; Si. siḷu ʻ top, head, lock of hair, peacock's crest ʼ.2. Paš. al. ċūn ʻ knot of hair ʼ; L. cū̃ḍā m. ʻ hair worn with plaits in front (by virgins) ʼ; P. cū̃ḍā m. ʻ knot of hair, cockscomb ʼ; H. cõḍā, cõṛā m. ʻ head, crest, topknot, coil of woman's hair ʼ.3. Pk. coṭṭī -- f. ʻ topknot, crest ʼ; S. coṭu m. ʻ cone ʼ, coṭo m. ʻ topknot ʼ, coṭī f. ʻ topknot, top ʼ; L. coṭī f. ʻ peak ʼ; P. coṭṭā m. ʻ topknot, top, peak ʼ; WPah. bhal. ċoṭ f. ʻ top of a tree ʼ; Or. cuṭi ʻ topknot ʼ, H. cuṭiyā f.; G. coṭī, coṭlī f. ʻ tuft of hair ʼ, coṭlɔ m. ʻ hair of head ʼ.4. Or. cundi ʻ topknot ʼ.cauḍá -- , cūḍavatī -- ; cūḍāmaṇi -- ; avacūḍa -- ; tāmracūḍa -- , *yugacūḍa -- ; -- cūḍa -- 2? Addenda: cūˊḍa -- 1. 1. WPah.kṭg. ċvḷɔ m. ʻ small broom ʼ (semant. cf. P. jūṛā < jūṭa -- ); Md. huḷi in kan -- huḷi (< kárṇa -- ) ʻ side -- burn ʼ, uḷi ʻ strand of rope ʼ, huḷi ʻ small bun on hair, arching of wave ʼ, huḷu ʻ wrist -- joint, hinge ʼ.3. *cōṭṭa -- 1: S.kcch. coṭī f. ʻ peak ʼ, WPah.kc. coṭe f. (why not ċ -- ?).(CDIAL 4883) kuṇḍa3 n. ʻ clump ʼ e.g. darbha -- kuṇḍa -- Pāṇ. [← Drav. (Tam. koṇṭai ʻ tuft of hair ʼ, Kan. goṇḍe ʻ cluster ʼ, &c.) T. Burrow BSOAS xii 374]Pk. kuṁḍa -- n. ʻ heap of crushed sugarcane stalks ʼ; WPah. bhal. kunnū m. ʻ large heap of a mown crop ʼ; N. kunyũ ʻ large heap of grain or straw ʼ, baṛ -- kũṛo ʻ cluster of berries ʼ.(CDIAL 3266) *jhuṇṭa2 ʻ tangle, knot of hair, protuberance ʼ. 2. *jhōṇṭa -- . 3. *jhuṭṭa -- . 4. *jhūṭa -- 2. 5. *jhōṭṭa -- . [Cf. jūṭa -- and cūˊḍa -- 1: for list of poss. connected words see jáṭā -- ]1. WPah. bhal. j̈huṇṭṛī f. ʻ woman's queue of hair ʼ; B. jhũṭ ʻ chignon, bird's crest, protuberance on back of ox or camel ʼ, Or. jhuṇṭi; H. jhũṭiyā f. ʻ lock of hair on crown of head ʼ.2. A. zõṭ ʻ entanglement ʼ, zõṭiba ʻ to entangle ʼ; Mth. jhõṭī ʻ queue of hair ʼ; Bhoj. jhõṭā ʻ tuft of hair ʼ; M. j̈hõṭ f. ʻ knot of hanging hair ʼ.3. S. jhuṭu m. ʻ top knot ʼ.4. S. jhūṛo m. ʻ knot of hair ʼ, L. jhūṛā m.; G. jhuṛɔ m. ʻ bunch of false hair for making up a woman's hair ʼ, jhū˘ṛī f. ʻ bunch, bundle ʼ.5. S. jhoṭo m. ʻ tuft of hair on crown ʼ.(CDIAL 5401) Naga worshippers of fiery pillar, Amaravati stup Smithy is the temple of Bronze Age: stambha, thãbharā fiery pillar of light, Sivalinga. Rebus-metonymy layered Indus script cipher signifies: tamba, tã̄bṛā, tambira 'copper' http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/05/smithy-is-temple-of-bronze-age-stambha_14.html Railing crossbar with monks worshiping a fiery pillar, a symbol of the Buddha, Line drawing of ingot CMS 5, by P. Christensen (After Fig. 2 in Michal Artzy 1983); Photograph of ingot CMS 5, showing a face to the left, and signs to the right. (After Fig. 1 in Michal Artzy 1983. http://bharatkalyan97.blogspot.in/2015/02/a-critique-of-general-theory-of-images.html mũh 'face' (Hindi) rebus: mũhe 'ingot' (Santali) mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends;kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt ko mūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron (Santali). Darasuram. Siva emerges out of the linga. Brahma searches for the ending of the pillar in heaven, Vishnu searches for the beginning of the pillar on the earth, underground. The medtaphor of a beginningless, endless pillar of light, pillar of fire, sivalinga as described in the Skambha Sukta. An unceasing enquiry of the cosmic dancer, Mahesvara. S. Kalyanaraman Sarasvati Research Center September 23, 2015 Skambha Sukta ( Atharva Veda X-7 )

Seal m0296. A pair of heifers (with one horn each) flanking a 'standard device' and nine leaves emerging from a stylized tree. lo 'nine' (phonetic determinant: loa 'ficus religiosa') rebus: loh 'copper, metal' PLUS खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon. Thus, together: लोखंडकाम [ lōkhaṇḍakāma ] n Iron work; that portion (of a building, machine &c.) which consists of iron. 2 The business of an ironsmith. An alternative reading is possible to read the hieroglyph: chain, link (a loop emanating out of the notched vessel ending in rings): dama ʻchain, ropeʼ; dhamaka 'blacksmith' (Samskritam) Hence, lōkhaṇḍa PLUS dhamaka 'iron work blacksmith or iron smith'. Rings on neck, one horn on young bull reinforce the phonetics of: कोंद kōnda ‘young bull' Rebus: कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi) The standard held on a post over which the entire hieroglyhph multiplex is superscripted may be a stylized rendering of the 'lathe-cum-portable furnace' device that frequently occurs in front of the one-horned young bull: saghaḍī, śaghaḍi = a pot for holding fire (G.) sãghāṛɔ m. ‘lathe’ (G.) Variant rebus readings are suggested in the context of the metalwork: Rebus: san:gatarāśū = stone cutter (Sindhi.) jangaḍ iyo ‘military guard who accompanies treasure into the treasury’; san:ghāḍiyo, a worker on a lathe (Gujarati.) sanghar 'fortification' (Pashto) sanghAta 'collection' (Pali) sanghAta 'adamantine glue' (Samskritam). The last semantics indicates that the blacksmith had competence in working with cementite or metal alloys. The text of the inscription includes 'fish' hieroglyph: The first hieroglyph on the text read from r: kole.l 'temple' rebus: kole.l 'smithy' kaNDa 'arrow' rebus: khaNDa 'excellent iron' aya 'fish' rebus: aya, ayas 'iron, metal' (Gujarati.Rigveda) खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon.(Kashmiri) खांडा (p. 202) [ khāṇḍā ] m A kind of sword, straight, broad-bladed, two-edged, and round-ended. (Marathi) Thus, Panini: ayaskANDa 'excellent iron'. khāṇḍā derived from lōkhaṇḍakāma can thus be translated as 'metalware, tools, pots and pans'. kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bronze' PLUS vaTTa 'circle' Ara 'spoke' Together vaThAra 'quarter of town' Thus, the pictorial motif consisting of hieroglyph multiplex PLUS text inscription: Pictorial: lōkhaṇḍa PLUS dhamaka 'iron work blacksmith or iron smith' PLUS कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ Text: kolel kaNDa ayaskANDa kancu vaThAra 'quarter of town for smithy, excellent iron, metalware, bronze'. Thus, the message of the Mohenjo-daro seal m0296 is a reference to a quarter of town for metalwork and metalcrafts by blacksmith and engraver-lapidary setting or infixing gems. lo 'nine' (Santali); no 'nine' (Bengali); on-patu (Tamil). loa 'species of fig tree, ficus glomerata, the fruit of ficus glomerata (Santali) Rebus: lo 'iron' (Assamese, Bengali); loa 'iron' (Gypsy); lauha 'made of copper or iron', metal, iron (Skt.); lohakaara 'coppersmith, ironsmith' (Pali); lohaara 'blacksmith' (Pt.); lohaLa id. (Oriya); loha 'metal, esp. copper or bronze' (Pali); copper (VS); loho, lo 'metal, ore, iron' (Si.); loha luTi 'iron utensils and implements' (Santali) loa 'iron' (Mu.)Re(B),,(B) {N} ``^iron''. Pl. <-le>(Munda etyma) dol 'likeness, picture, form' (Santali). Rebus: dul 'cast iron' (Santali) dul ‘to cast metal in a mould’ (Santali) dul meṛeḍ cast iron (Mundari. Santali) san:ghāḍo, saghaḍī (G.) = firepan; saghaḍī, śaghaḍi = a pot for holding fire (G.)sãghāṛɔ m. ‘lathe’ (G.) Rebus: san:gatarāśū = stone cutter (S.) jangaḍ iyo ‘military guard who accompanies treasure into the treasury’; san:ghāḍiyo, a worker on a lathe (G.) kod. 'one horn'; kot.iyum [kot., kot.i_ neck] a wooden circle put round the neck of an animal (G.)kamarasa_la = waist-zone, waist-band, belt (Te.)kot.iyum [kot., kot.i_ neck] a wooden circle put round the neck of an animal (G.) [cf. the orthography of rings on the neck of one-horned young bull]. ko_d.iya, ko_d.e = young bull; ko_d.elu = plump young bull; ko_d.e = a. male as in: ko_d.e du_d.a = bull calf; young, youthful (Te.lex.) ko_d.iya, ko_d.e young bull; adj. male (e.g., ko_d.e du_d.a bull calf), young, youthful; ko_d.eka~_d.u a young man (Te.); ko_d.e_ bull (Kol.); khor.e male calf (Nk.); ko_d.i cow; ko_r.e young bullock (Kond.a); ko_d.i cow (Pe.); ku_d.i id. (Mand.); ko_d.i id., ox (Kui); ko_di cow (Kuwi); kajja ko_d.i bull; ko_d.i cow (Kuwi)(DEDR 2199). kor.a a boy, a young man (Santali) go_nde bull, ox (Ka.); go_da ox (Te.); konda_ bull (Kol.); ko_nda bullock (Kol.Nk.); bison (Pa.); ko_nde cow (Ga.); ko_nde_ bullock (Ga.); ko_nda_, ko_nda bullock, ox (Go.)(DEDR 2216). Rebus: kot. 'artisan's workshop'.(Kuwi)kod. = place where artisans work (G.lex.) kō̃da कोँद । कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln (Rām. 1446; H. xi, 11); a brick-kiln (Śiv. 133); a lime-kiln. -bal -बल् । कुलालादिकन्दुस्थानम् m. the place where a kiln is erected, a brick or potter's kiln (Gr.Gr. 165)(Kashmiri) ko_nda bullock (Kol.Nk.); bison (Pa.)(DEDR 2216). Rebus: कोंद kōnda ‘engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems’ (Marathi) Grierson takes the word कन्दुः (Skt.) to be a cognate of kaNDa 'pot' rebus: kaNDa 'fire altar' (Santali) Thus, the yung bullock or young ox glyph seems to be an allograph of 'rim-of-jar' glyph in Indus Script corpora. When two bullocks are juxtaposed, the semantics of pairing point to dol 'likeness, pair'(Kashmiri); rebus: dul 'cast iron'(Santali) Thus, the pair of young bullocks or oxen are read rebus: dul kō̃da 'two bullocks'; rebus: casting furnace or kiln'. koḍiyum ‘heifer’ (G.). Rebus: koṭ ‘workshop’ (Kuwi) koṭe = forge (Santali)kōḍiya, kōḍe = young bull (G.)Rebus: ācāri koṭṭya ‘smithy’ (Tu.) अखोटा [ akhōṭā ] m A groove or channel notched (as around a peg or stick) for a rope; also a sliding or running groove. 2 A projecting point, a snag. v लाग. खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon.(Kashmiri) खांडा (p. 202) [ khāṇḍā ] m A kind of sword, straight, broad-bladed, two-edged, and round-ended. (Marathi) Thus, Panini: ayaskANDa 'excellent iron'. लोखंडकाम [ lōkhaṇḍakāma ] n Iron work; that portion (of a building, machine &c.) which consists of iron. 2 The business of an ironsmith. Hieroglyph: dama ʻ chain, rope ʼ (Si.): dāˊman1 ʻ rope ʼ RV. 2. *dāmana -- , dāmanī -- f. ʻ long rope to which calves are tethered ʼ Hariv. 3. *dāmara -- . [*dāmara -- is der. fr. n/r n. stem. -- √dā2]1. Pa. dāma -- , inst. °mēna n. ʻ rope, fetter, garland ʼ, Pk. dāma -- n.; Wg. dām ʻ rope, thread, bandage ʼ; Tir. dām ʻ rope ʼ; Paš.lauṛ. dām ʻ thick thread ʼ, gul. dūm ʻ net snare ʼ (IIFL iii 3, 54 ← Ind. or Pers.); Shum. dām ʻ rope ʼ; Sh.gil. (Lor.) dōmo ʻ twine, short bit of goat's hair cord ʼ, gur. dōm m. ʻ thread ʼ (→ Ḍ. dōṅ ʻ thread ʼ); K. gu -- dômu m. ʻ cow's tethering rope ʼ; P. dã̄u, dāvã̄ m. ʻ hobble for a horse ʼ; WPah.bhad. daũ n. ʻ rope to tie cattle ʼ, bhal. daõ m., jaun. dã̄w; A. dāmā ʻ peg to tie a buffalo -- calf to ʼ; B. dām, dāmā ʻ cord ʼ; Or. duã̄ ʻ tether ʼ, dāĩ ʻ long tether to which many beasts are tied ʼ; H. dām m.f. ʻ rope, string, fetter ʼ, dāmā m. ʻ id., garland ʼ; G. dām n. ʻ tether ʼ, M. dāvẽ n.; Si. dama ʻ chain, rope ʼ, (SigGr) dam ʻ garland ʼ. -- Ext. in Paš.dar. damaṭāˊ, °ṭīˊ, nir. weg. damaṭék ʻ rope ʼ, Shum.ḍamaṭik, Woṭ. damṓṛ m., Sv. dåmoṛīˊ; -- with -- ll -- : N. dāmlo ʻ tether for cow ʼ, dã̄wali, dāũli, dāmli ʻ bird -- trap of string ʼ, dã̄wal, dāmal ʻ coeval ʼ (< ʻ tied together ʼ?); M. dã̄vlī f. ʻ small tie -- rope ʼ.2. Pk. dāvaṇa -- n., dāmaṇī -- f. ʻ tethering rope ʼ; S. ḍ̠āvaṇu, ḍ̠āṇu m. ʻ forefeet shackles ʼ, ḍ̠āviṇī, ḍ̠āṇī f. ʻ guard to support nose -- ring ʼ; L. ḍã̄vaṇ m., ḍã̄vaṇī,ḍāuṇī (Ju. ḍ̠ -- ) f. ʻ hobble ʼ, dāuṇī f. ʻ strip at foot of bed, triple cord of silk worn by women on head ʼ, awāṇ. dāvuṇ ʻ picket rope ʼ; P. dāuṇ, dauṇ, ludh. daun f. m. ʻ string for bedstead, hobble for horse ʼ, dāuṇī f. ʻ gold ornament worn on woman's forehead ʼ; Ku. dauṇo m., °ṇī f. ʻ peg for tying cattle to ʼ, gng. dɔ̃ṛ ʻ place for keeping cattle, bedding for cattle ʼ; A. dan ʻ long cord on which a net or screen is stretched, thong ʼ, danā ʻ bridle ʼ; B. dāmni ʻ rope ʼ; Or. daaṇa ʻ string at the fringe of a casting net on which pebbles are strung ʼ, dāuṇi ʻ rope for tying bullocks together when threshing ʼ; H. dāwan m. ʻ girdle ʼ, dāwanī f. ʻ rope ʼ, dã̄wanī f. ʻ a woman's orna<-> ment ʼ; G. dāmaṇ, ḍā° n. ʻ tether, hobble ʼ, dāmṇũ n. ʻ thin rope, string ʼ, dāmṇī f. ʻ rope, woman's head -- ornament ʼ; M. dāvaṇ f. ʻ picket -- rope ʼ. -- Words denoting the act of driving animals to tread out corn are poss. nomina actionis from *dāmayati2.3. L. ḍãvarāvaṇ, (Ju.) ḍ̠ã̄v° ʻ to hobble ʼ; A. dāmri ʻ long rope for tying several buffalo -- calves together ʼ, Or. daũ̈rā, daürā ʻ rope ʼ; Bi. daũrī ʻ rope to which threshing bullocks are tied, the act of treading out the grain ʼ, Mth. dã̄mar, daũraṛ ʻ rope to which the bullocks are tied ʼ; H. dã̄wrī f. ʻ id., rope, string ʼ, dãwrī f. ʻ the act of driving bullocks round to tread out the corn ʼ. -- X *dhāgga<-> q.v.. Brj. dã̄u m. ʻ tying ʼ.*dāmara -- : Brj. dã̄wrī f. ʻ rope ʼ.(CDIAL 6283) Rebus: dam 'blast of furnace' (Kashmiri): dhamá in cmpds. ʻ blowing ʼ Pāṇ., dhamaka -- m. ʻ blacksmith ʼ Uṇ.com. [√dham]Pa. dhama -- , °aka -- m. ʻ one who blows ʼ, Pk. dhamaga<-> m.; K. dam m. ʻ blast of furnace or oven, steam of stewing ʼ; -- Kho. Sh.(Lor.) dam ʻ breath, magical spell ʼ ← Pers. dam. dhamana n. ʻ blowing with bellows ʼ lex. [√dham] K. damun m. ʻ bellows ʼ.

A parallel for the eight Baghpat anthropomorphs reading occurs on Mohenjo-daro copper tablets which treat two pictorial motifs as synonyms. The pictorial motifs are of a hunter and claws of a crab circumscribed by a pair of pipal leaves. The pictorial motifs are treated as synonyms on B19 and C6 because the obverse of the copper tablets carry an identical Indus Script Inscription. kamāṭhiyo 'soldier, hunter' (onB19) is a synonym of kamaṭha 'fig leaf' (on C6) PLUS semantic determinant: kamaṭha 'crab'. (Two leaves: dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting'). Both pictorial motifs read rebus: kammaṭa 'mint'. Eight identical copper bas-relief anthropomorphs on the Baghpat coffin signify a guild of 'mintwork' artisans. I suggest that the copper anthropomorph on the lid of the wooden coffin of Baghpat is a variant of these pictorial motifs signifying a ficus leaf circumscribed by two horns of the crown. The dagger shown on the waist-belt is a semantic determiannt of the person as a hunter, soldier: kamāṭhiyo 'soldier, hunter' rebus: kammaṭa 'mint'. The eminence of the person is signified by eight repetitions of the same anthropomorph pictorial motif to signify that the eminent persin is a śreṣṭhin श्रेष्ठिन् 'foreman of a smithy guild with eight goldsmith/ironsmith members in the guild'. Horn: Ta. kōṭu (in cpds. kōṭṭu-) horn, tusk, branch of tree, cluster, bunch, coil of hair, line, diagram, bank of stream or pool; kuvaṭu branch of a tree; kōṭṭāṉ, kōṭṭuvāṉ rock horned-owl (cf. 1657 Ta. kuṭiñai). Ko. ko·ṛ (obl.ko·ṭ-) horns (one horn is kob), half of hair on each side of parting, side in game, log, section of bamboo used as fuel, line marked out. To. kwṛ (obl. kwṭ-) horn, branch, path across stream in thicket. Ka. kōḍu horn, tusk, branch of a tree; kōr̤ horn. Tu. kōḍů, kōḍu horn. Te. kōḍu rivulet, branch of a river. Pa. kōḍ (pl. kōḍul) horn. Ga. (Oll.) kōr (pl. kōrgul) id. Go. (Tr.) kōr (obl. kōt-, pl. kōhk) horn of cattle or wild animals, branch of a tree; (W. Ph. A. Ch.) kōr (pl. kōhk), (S.) kōr (pl. kōhku), (Ma.) kōr̥u (pl. kōẖku) horn; (M.) kohk branch (Voc. 980); (LuS.) kogoo a horn. Kui kōju (pl. kōska) horn, antler. (DEDR 2200) Rebus: Paš. kuṛ. kṓri ʻdaggerʼ < *kāri IIFL iii 3, 97 with (?).(CDIAL 2711) kōḍu 'horn' is semantically reinforcedby the determinative hieroglyph of 'dagger' which reads kṓri ʻdaggerʼ kamaṭha 'ficus' leaf; kamaṭa 'dwarf' rebus: kamāṭhiyo 'archer, soldier' Eight such bas-relief copper anthropomorphs are shown on the lid of the wooden coffin, suggesting a guild of goldsmiths (Note: the person venerated in a special coffin may have been a guild-master or chief or eminent artisan).श्रेष्ठिन् m. a warrior of high rank Ja1takam.; m. an eminent artisan , the head or chief of an association following the same trade or industry , the president or foreman of a guild (alsof(इनी). a female artisan &c ) Hariv. Ka1v. VarBr2S. &c; m. a distinguished man , a person of rank or authority AitBr. S3a1n3khBr. KaushUp.; mfn. having the best , best , chief W. (Monier-Williams) kamaṭha 'crab' (Skt.) kamāṭhiyo=archer; kāmaṭhum =a bow; kāmaḍī, kāmaḍum=a chip of bamboo (G.) kāmaṭhiyo bowman; an archer(Skt.) kamaṛkom= fig leaf (Santali) kamarmaṛā (Has.), kamaṛkom(Nag.); the petiole or stalk of a leaf (Mundari.lex.) kamaṭha = fig leaf, religiosa (Skt.) dula ‘two' Rebus: dul 'cast metal ’Thus, cast loh ‘copper casting’ infurnace: baṭa= wide-mouthed pot; baṭa= kiln (Te.) kamaṭa, kammaṭamu 'a portable furnace for melting precious metals (Te.) kammaṭīḍu 'a goldsmith, a silversmith (Telugu) Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner. (DEDR 1236) Vikalpa: Fig leaf ‘loa’; rebus: loh ‘(copper) metal’. loha-kāra ‘metalsmith’ (Sanskrit). loa ’fig leaf; Rebus: loh ‘(copper) metal’ The unique ligatures on the 'leaf' hieroglyph may be explained as a professional designation: loha-kāra 'metalsmith'; kāruvu [Skt.] n. 'An artist, artificer. An agent'.(Telugu) B19 copper plate epigraph: hunter-blacksmith: कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith. कौटिलिक [p= 315,2] m. (fr. कुटिलिका Pa1n2. 4-4 , 18) " deceiving the hunter [or the deer Sch.] by particular movements " , a deer [" a hunter " Sch.] Ka1s3. f. ( Pa1n2. 4-4 , 18) कुटिलिका crouching , coming stealthily (like a hunter on his prey ; a particular movement on the stage) Vikr. कुटिलिक " using the tool called कुटिलिका " , a blacksmith ib. कुटिलक [p= 288,2] f. a tool used by a blacksmith Pa1n2. 4-4 , 18 Ka1s3.mfn. bent , curved , crisped Pan5cat. Same inscription as on B19 sets of copper plates appears on C6 sets of copper plates but with a distinct hieroglyph-multiplex of ficus PLUS crab (pincers, tongs) on the obverse of the copper plate. C6 copper plate epigraph: ficus PLUS pincers: metalsmith: लोह--कार [p= 908,3] m. a worker in iron , smith , blacksmith R. Hit. Hieroglyph component: loa 'ficus glomerata' Rebus: loha 'copper, iron' Hieroglyph component: kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khār खार् । लोहकारः 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri) Since loha signifies 'copper' and kammaṭa signifies 'mint' this hieroglyph multiplex on the obverse of C6 set of copper plate inscriptions (ficus PLUS crab+pincers) should more precisely signify semantically: mint-master, coppersmith. The text of the epigraph common to both sets of copper plates (B16, hunter and C9 ficus+crab/pincers) has hieroglyph-multiplexes Inscription message: Supercargo bronze cast metal, ingots (of different shapes), metal implements smithy/forge On C9 set of copper plates, these come from लोहकारः lohakAra kammaṭa the mint-master, coppersmith's workshop. On B16 set of copper plates, these come from कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ bronze worker's (smithy/forge). mū̃h ‘ingot’ (Santali) PLUS (infixed) kolom 'sprout, rice plant' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' Thus, ingot smithy Notes: dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' Ellipse is split into two curves of parenthesis: ( ) Thus, dula 'cast metal' signified by the curves joined into an ellipse. mū̃h ‘ingot’ (Santali) dula 'pair' Rebus: dul 'cast metal' Thus, cast metal ingot. dhollu 'drummer' (Western Pahari) Rebus: dul 'cast metal' kola 'tiger' Rebus: kolle 'blacksmith' kol 'working in iron' kolimi 'smithy, forge' j̈asta, dasta 'five' (Kafiri) jasta, sattva 'zinc' dula ‘pair’ Rebus: dul ‘cast (metal)’ PLUS kana, kanac = corner (Santali); Rebus: kañcu = bronze (Telugu) Thus, cast bronze or bronze casting. This is a hieroglyph-multiplex: slant PLUS notch: DhAL 'slanted' Rebus: DhALako 'large ingot' PLUS खांडा (p. 202) [ khāṇḍā ] A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). Rebus: Rebus: kāṇḍa ‘tools, pots and pans and metal-ware’ (Marathi) khaṇḍa id. (Santali) kolom 'rice-plant, sprout' Rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge' goṭ 'seed, rounded object' Rebus: खोट (p. 212) [ khōṭa ] f A mass of metal (unwrought or of old metal melted down); an ingot or wedge (Marathi) The 'curve' hieroglyph is a splitting of the ellipse. kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) kaṇḍa kanka ‘rim of jar’ Rebus: karṇīka ‘account (scribe)’karṇī‘supercargo’. kaṇḍa ‘fire-altar’. Indus Script hieroglyph multiplexes signify mint; scorpion, ficus glomerata, fish signify bica 'hematite ore', loa 'copper ore', ayas 'native metal'

A semantic cluster is presented from Bhāratīya sprachbund (speech union) of 3rd millennium BCE. The semantics of the etyma are evidenced in Indus Script Corpora. See: బత్తుడు battuḍu 'worshipper' బత్తుడు battuḍu, baḍaga 'a professional title of five artificers' of Sarasvati Civilization presented on Indus Script Corpora https://tinyurl.com/yafd8or2 Scores of pronunciation variants presented for the etymon బత్తుడు battuḍu 'worshipper' 'artificer title' are characteristic of Meluhha (cognate mleccha) pronunciation variants commented upon by early linguists such as Patanjali. Meluhha is cognate mleccha. Mleccha are island-dwellers (attested in Mahabharata and other ancient Indian sprachbund texts). Their speech does not conform to the rules of grammar (mlecchāḥ mā bhūma iti adhyeyam vyākaraṇam) and had dialectical variants (variant pronunciations) in words (mlecchitavai na apabhāṣitavai) (Patanjali: Mahābhāṣya). The feeding trough in front of the tiger and a kneeling adorant in front of the tiger provide the same semantics for a hypertext: pattar, 'trough' బత్తుడు battuḍu 'adorant, worshipper'. Ther ebus reading is: బత్తుడు battuḍu 'a guild, title of goldsmiths'; pattar, బత్తుడు battuḍu 'a guild, title of goldsmiths' FS09 FS Fig. 22 Mohenjo-daro seal. Tiger in front of a feeding trough (with stripes cf. m0266): pattar 'feeding trough' rebus: pattar, బత్తుడు battuḍu 'a guild, title of goldsmiths'. kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'smelter'; kol pattar paṭra (pāṭan) 'smelter guild maritime town' Decipherment of Mohenjo-daro seal kola 'tigere' rebus: kol 'working in iron'; pattar 'feeding trough' rebus: pattar, బత్తుడు battuḍu 'a guild, title of goldsmiths' pattar, బత్తుడు battuḍu 'a guild, title of goldsmiths' Sign 267 variants Sign 267 is 'corner' signifier: Thus, kanac 'corner' rebus: kañcu 'bell-metal'.kaṁsá 1 m. ʻmetal cup ʼ AV., m.n. ʻ bell -- metalʼ PLUS kuṭila 'curve' rebus: kuṭila 'bronze/pewter' (Pewter is an alloy that is a variant brass alloy). kanac 'angle' rebus: kañcu 'bell-metal' infixed in Sign 373. Sign 373. Sign 373 has the shape of oval or lozenge is the shape of a bun ingot. mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced atone time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed likea four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes andformed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends; kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt komūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron (Santali). Thus, Sign 373 signifies word, mũhã̄ 'bun ingot'. Thus,sign 267 is read as: mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' PLUS kañcu 'bell-metal' Sign 99 sal 'splinter' rebus; sal 'workshop' Sign 67 khambhaṛā 'fish-fin' rebus: Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner.(DEDR 1236) PLUS ayo, aya 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' अयस् n. iron , metal RV. &c; an iron weapon (as an axe , &c ) RV. vi , 3 ,5 and 47 , 10; gold (नैघण्टुक , commented on by यास्क); steel L. ; ([cf. Lat. aes , aer-is for as-is ; Goth. ais , Thema aisa ; Old Germ. e7r , iron ; Goth. eisarn ; Mod. Germ. Eisen.]). Thus, ayo kammaṭa 'alloy metalmint'. Sign 296 is a variant of Sign 287 'curve' hieroglyph and 'angle' hieroglyph (as seen on lozenge/rhombus/ovalshaped hieroglyphs). The basic orthograph of Sign 287 is signifiedby the semantics of: kuṭila ‘bent’ CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. ‘curve’, kuṭika— ‘bent’ MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass, copper, bronze' Old Norse eir 'brass, copper', German ehern 'brassy, bronzen'. kastīra n. ʻ tin ʼ lex. 2. *kastilla -- .1. H. kathīr m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; G. kathīr n. ʻ pewter ʼ.2. H. (Bhoj.?) kathīl, °lā m. ʻ tin, pewter ʼ; M. kathīl n. ʻ tin ʼ, kathlẽ n. ʻ large tin vessel ʼ.(CDIAL 2984) कौटिलिकः kauṭilikḥ कौटिलिकः 1 A hunter.-2 A blacksmith. Sign 293 may be seen as a duplication (dula 'pair' rebus; dul 'metal casting') of Sign 287 The reading of Sign 293 is thus: dul kuṭila metal casting of 'pewter'. FS 72 Fig. 108 Chanhudaro seal. Person kneeling under a tree facing a tiger. [Chanhudaro Excavations, Pl. LI, 18] 6118 Seal T-A-T ID 1743 Decipherment of Chanhudaro seal Kneeling adorant: భక్తుడు. 'adorant, worshipper' rebus: బత్తుడు battuḍu The caste title of all the five castes of artificers as వడ్లబత్తుడు a carpenter. కడుపుబత్తుడు one who makes a god of his belly. L. xvi. 230. Five categories of artificers: పాంచాలము pāñcālamu pānchālamu. [Skt.] पंचाळ pañcāḷa m (पांचाल S q. v.) A common term for five castes--सोनार, सुतार, लोहार, कांसार, पाथरवट. These all wear the जानवें. (Marathi) பஞ்சகம்மாளர் pañca-kammāḷar, n. < pañcantaṭṭāṉ, kaṉṉāṉ, ciṟpaṉ, taccaṉ, kollaṉ; தட்டான், கன்னான், சிற்பன், தச்சன் கொல்லன் என்ற ஐவகைப் பட்ட கம்மாளர். (சங். அக.) அஞ்சுபஞ்சலத்தார் añcu-pañcalattār, n. < அஞ்சு + பஞ்சாளத்தார். Pañca-kammāḷar, the five artisan classes; பஞ்சகம்மாளர். (I. M. P. Cg. 371.) Rebus:phaḍa फड 'manufactory, company, guild' Feeding trough in front of cattle (even wild animals) pattar 'feeding trough' rebus: pattar, బత్తుడు battuḍu 'a guild, title of goldsmiths'. Ta. paṭṭai painted stripe (as on a temple wall), piebald colour, dapple.Ma. paṭṭa stripe. Ka. paṭṭe, paṭṭi id. Koḍ. paṭṭe striped or spotted (as tiger or leopard); paṭṭati n.pr. of dappled cow. Tu. paṭṭè stripe. Te. paṭṭe stripe or streak of paint; paḍita stripe, streak, wale.(DEDR 3877) Ta. pātti bathing tub, watering trough or basin, spout, drain; pattal wooden bucket; pattar id., wooden trough for feeding animals. Ka. pāti basin for water round the foot of a tree. Tu. pāti trough or bathing tub, spout, drain. Te. pādi, pādu basin for water round the foot of a tree(DEDR 4079) Rebus 1: pāṭaṇ maritime town, port: పట్ర paṭra paṭra. [Tel.] n. A village, a hamlet. పల్లెపట్ర villages and hamlets. H. iv. 108. paṭṭana n. ʻ town ʼ Kauṭ., °nī -- f. lex. 2. páttana -- n. MBh. [Prob. ← Drav. T. Burrow BSOAS xii 383 and EWA ii 192 with ṭṭ replaced by IA. tt. But its specific meaning as ʻ ferry ʼ in S. L. P. B. H. does lend support to its derivation by R. A. Hall in Language 12, 133 from *partana -- (√pr̥ ~ Lat. portus, &c.). Poss. MIA. pattana -- , paṭṭana -- ʻ *ferry ʼ has collided with Drav. loanword for ʻ town ʼ] 1. Pa. paṭṭana -- n. ʻ city ʼ, °aka -- n. ʻ a kind of village ʼ; Pk. paṭṭaṇa -- n. ʻ city ʼ; K. paṭan m. ʻ quarter of a town, name of a village 14 miles NW of Śrinagar ʼ; N. pāṭan ʻ name of a town in the Nepal Valley ʼ; B. pāṭan ʻ town, market ʼ; Or. pā̆ṭaṇā, °anā ʻ town, village, hamlet on outskirts of a big village ʼ; Bi. paṭnā ʻ name of a town ʼ; H. pāṭan m. ʻ town ʼ, G. pāṭaṇ n.; M. pāṭaṇ ʻ name of a town ʼ; Si. paṭuna ʻ town ʼ. -- Pa. paṭṭana -- n. ʻ harbour, port ʼ, Pk. paṭṭaṇa -- n.; H. paṭnī, pā̆ṭaunī, pāṭūnī m. ʻ ferryman ʼ; Si. paṭuna ʻ harbour, seaport ʼ.2. Pk. pattaṇa -- n. ʻ town ʼ, Si. patana. -- S. pataṇu m. ʻ ferry ʼ (whence pātaṇī m. ʻ ferryman ʼ, f. ʻ ferry boat ʼ); L. pattan, (Ju.) pataṇ m. ʻ ferry ʼ; P. pattaṇ ʻ ferry, landing -- place ʼ, pattaṇī, °tuṇī m. ʻ ferryman, one who lives near a ferry ʼ; B. pātanī ʻ ferryman ʼ.(CDIAL 7705) maṇḍi 'kneeling position' Rebus: maṇḍā 'warehouse, workshop' (Konkani) māḍa'shrine; mandil 'temple' (Santali). kola, kolum = a jackal (G.) kolhuyo (Dh.Des.); kulho, kolhuo (Hem.Des.); kroṣṭṛ (Skt.) kul seren = the tiger’s son, a species of lizard (Santali) kolo, koleā jackal (Kon.lex.) Rebus: kol metal (Ta.) kol = pan~calokam (five metals) (Ta.lex.) kol = pan~calokam (five metals); kol metal (Ta.lex.) pan~caloha = a metallic alloy containing five metals: copper, brass, tin, lead and iron (Skt.); an alternative list of five metals: gold, silver, copper, tin (lead), and iron (dhātu; Nānārtharatnākara. 82; Man:garāja’s Nighan.t.u. 498)(Ka.) kol, kolhe, ‘the koles, an aboriginal tribe if iron smelters speaking a language akin to that of Santals’ (Santali) kol = kollan-, kamma_l.an- (blacksmith or smith in general)(Ta.lex.) kollar = those who guard the treasure (Ta.lex.) cf. golla (Telugu) khol, kholi_ = a metal covering; a loose covering of metal or cloth (G.) [The semant. expansions to kollāpuri or kolhāpur and also to 'kollāppan.t.i' a type of cart have to be investigated further]. kol ‘working in iron, blacksmith (Ta.); kollan- blacksmith (Ta.);kollan blacksmith, artificer (Ma.)(DEDR 2133) dã̄ṭu = cross over; daṭ- (da.ṭ-t-) to cross (Kol.)(DEDR 3158) Rebus: dhātu ‘mineral’; rebus: dhatu = a mineral, metal (Santali) gaṇḍe ‘to place at a right angle to something else, cross, transverse’; gaṇḍ gaṇḍ ‘across, at right angles, transversely’ (Santali) [Note: A slanted line Lahn.d.a writing of accounts connotes a quarter; a straight line connotes ‘one’.] Rebus: kaṇḍa ‘fire-altar’ (Santali) kāṇḍa ‘iron’ as in ayaskāṇḍa ‘excellent iron’ (Pan.Skt.) kolmo ‘three’ (Mu.); rebus: kolimi ‘smithy’ (Te.) kuṭī 'tree', 'water carrier' (Semantic determinative) rebus: kuṭhī 'smelter' The evidence relates to the semantics of worker in wood and iron. He is called बढई baḍhī.

Sign 327V326 (Orthographic variants of Sign 326) V327 (Orthographic variants of Sign 327)loa = a species of fig tree, ficus glomerata, the fruit of ficus glomerata (Santali) Vikalpa: kamaṛkom ‘ficus’ (Santali); rebus: kampaṭṭam ‘mint’ (Ta.) patra ‘leaf’ (Skt.); rebus: paṭṭarai ‘workshop’ (Ta.) Rebus: lo ‘iron’ (Assamese, Bengali); loa ‘iron’ (Gypsy) lauha = made of copper or iron (Gr.S'r.); metal, iron (Skt.); lohakāra = coppersmith, ironsmith (Pali); lohāra = blacksmith (Pt.); lohal.a (Or.); loha = metal, esp. copper or bronze (Pali); copper (VS.); loho, lo_ = metal, ore, iron (Si.) loha luṭi = iron utensils and implements (Santali) Two unique modifiers occur as superscripts on two composite signs: Sign 51 and Sign327. The modifiers to the basic signs of 'scorpion'; and 'ficus leaf' respectively, may be called attachments which are like ears as superscripts. Read as -karaṇīya 'duty, business' related to bica 'scorpion' rebus: bica 'haematite, ferrite ore'. and loa 'ficus glomerata' rebus: loh 'copper'. Thus, the two signs are read as hypertexts:bica -karaṇīya and loh-karaṇīya meaning: 'haematite ore business and copper ore business'. lo 'iron', khār 'blacksmith', 'lohakāra 'coppersmith, ironsmith' (Pali) Sign 51 Sign 52bica 'karaṇīya 'haematite, ferrite ore duty, business' PLUS koḍa 'one' rebus: kod 'workshop'. Examples of inscriptions where both the signs (and variants) occur are seals Harappa h598, :Lothal L-11: Examples clearly associate both 'scorpion' and 'ficus' imageries together on the adjacent segments of the two Harappa and Lothal inscriptions: Harappa inscription segment showing scorpion, ficus leaf Lothal inscription segment showing scorpion, ficus leaf. ḍato =claws of crab (Santali) Rebus:dhātu 'mineral ore'. kāru pincers, tongs. Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri). The first composite sign reads rebus: dula pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS loa 'ficus glomerata' rebus: loh 'copper'; thus, lohkhār 'coppersmith'PLUS bicha 'scorpion' rebus: bica 'haematite ore, ferrite ore' (Santali). vŕ̊ścika m. (vr̥ścana -- m. lex.) ʻ scorpion ʼ RV., ʻ cater- pillar covered with bristles ʼ lex. [Variety of form for ʻ scorpion ʼ in MIA. and NIA. due to taboo? <-> √vraśc?] Pa. vicchika -- m. ʻ scorpion ʼ, Pk. vicchia -- , viṁchia -- m., Sh.koh. bičh m. (< *vr̥ści -- ?), Ku. bichī, A. bisā (also ʻ hairy caterpillar ʼ: -- ī replaced by m. ending -- ā), B. Or. bichā, Mth. bīch, Bhoj. Aw.lakh. bīchī, H. poet. bīchī f., bīchā m., G. vīchī, vĩchī m.; -- *vicchuma -- : Paš.lauṛ. uċúm, dar. učum, S. vichū̃ m., (with greater deformation) L.mult. vaṭhũhã, khet. vaṭṭhũha; -- Pk. vicchua -- , viṁchua -- m., L. vichū m., awāṇ. vicchū, P. bicchū m., Or. (Sambhalpur) bichu, Mth. bīchu, H. bicchū, bīchū m., G. vīchu m.; -- Pk. viccu -- , °ua -- , viṁcua -- m., K. byucu m. (← Ind.), P.bhaṭ. biccū, WPah.bhal. biċċū m., cur. biccū, bhiḍ. biċċoṭū n. ʻ young scorpion ʼ, M. vīċũ, vĩċū m. (vĩċḍā m. ʻ large scorpion ʼ), vĩċvī, °ċvīṇ, °ċīṇ f., Ko. viccu, viṁcu, iṁcu. -- N. bacchiũ ʻ large hornet ʼ? (Scarcely < *vapsi -- ~ *vaspi -- ). vr̥ścikapattrikā -- . Addenda: vŕ̊ścika -- : Garh. bicchū, °chī ʻ scorpion ʼ, A. also bichā (phonet. -- s -- ) (CDIAL 12081) The 'ears' hieroglyphs signify:kárṇa 'ear' rebus: karaṇīya -- n. ʻ duty, business ʼ(Pali). Thus, the two signs Sign 51 and Sign 327 are signifiers of smith's duty related to loh 'copper' and bica 'haematiteore'. kárṇa m. ʻ ear, handle of a vessel ʼ RV., ʻ end, tip (?) ʼ RV. ii 34, 3. [Cf. *kāra -- 6] Pa. kaṇṇa -- m. ʻ ear, angle, tip ʼ; Pk. kaṇṇa -- , °aḍaya<-> m. ʻ ear ʼ, Gy. as. pal. eur. kan m., Ash. (Trumpp) karna NTS ii 261, Niṅg. kō̃, Woṭ. kanə, Tir. kana; Paš. kan, kaṇ(ḍ) -- ʻ orifice of ear ʼ IIFL iii 3, 93; Shum. kō̃ṛ ʻ ear ʼ, Woṭ. kan m., Kal. (LSI) kuṛō̃, rumb. kuŕũ, urt. kŕãdotdot; (< *kaṇ), Bshk. kan, Tor. k*lṇ, Kand. kōṇi, Mai. kaṇa, ky. kān, Phal. kāṇ, Sh. gil. ko̯n pl. ko̯ṇí m. (→ Ḍ kon pl. k*lṇa), koh. kuṇ, pales. kuāṇə, K. kan m., kash. pog. ḍoḍ. kann, S. kanu m., L. kann m., awāṇ. khet. kan, P. WPah. bhad. bhal. cam. kann m., Ku. gng. N. kān; A. kāṇ ʻ ear, rim of vessel, edge of river ʼ; B. kāṇ ʻ ear ʼ, Or. kāna, Mth. Bhoj. Aw. lakh. H. kān m., OMarw. kāna m., G. M. kān m., Ko. kānu m., Si. kaṇa, kana. -- As adverb and postposition (ápi kárṇē ʻ from behind ʼ RV., karṇē ʻ aside ʼ Kālid.): Pa. kaṇṇē ʻ at one's ear, in a whisper ʼ; Wg. ken ʻ to ʼ NTS ii 279; Tir. kõ ʻ on ʼ AO xii 181 with (?); Paš. kan ʻ to ʼ; K. kȧni with abl. ʻ at, near, through ʼ, kani with abl. or dat. ʻ on ʼ, kun with dat. ʻ toward ʼ; S. kani ʻ near ʼ, kanã̄ ʻ from ʼ; L. kan ʻ toward ʼ, kannũ ʻ from ʼ, kanne ʻ with ʼ, khet. kan, P. ḍog. kanē ʻ with, near ʼ; WPah. bhal. k*lṇ, °ṇi, keṇ, °ṇi with obl. ʻ with, near ʼ, kiṇ, °ṇiã̄, k*lṇiã̄, keṇ° with obl. ʻ from ʼ; Ku. kan ʻ to, for ʼ; N. kana ʻ for, to, with ʼ; H. kane, °ni, kan with ke ʻ near ʼ; OMarw. kanai ʻ near ʼ, kanã̄ sā ʻ from near ʼ, kã̄nī˜ ʻ towards ʼ; G. kane ʻ beside ʼ.(CDIAL 2830) Rebus; káraṇa n. ʻ act, deed ʼ RV. [√kr̥1] Pa. karaṇa -- n. ʻ doing ʼ; NiDoc. karana, kaṁraṁna ʻ work ʼ; Pk. karaṇa -- n. ʻ instrument ʼ; N. dan -- karnu ʻ toothpick ʼ, kan -- karnu ʻ ear -- pick ʼ; B. karnā, kannā ʻ work, duty ʼ; M. karṇẽ n. ʻ action, deed ʼ; Si. karaṇa ʻ occupation, trade, copulation ʼ; -- P. karnī f. ʻ mason's trowel ʼ (B. D. Jain PhonPj 116 < karaṇḍa -- ); H. karnī f. ʻ mason's trowel ʼ, M. karṇī f.karaṇīya -- ; *āvr̥ttikaraṇa -- , kaṇṭakakaraṇa -- , *nakhakaraṇa -- , nāmakaraṇa -- , bhadrākaraṇa -- , *mūtrakaraṇa -- , *vartakaraṇa -- .karaṇīya ʻ to be done ʼ MBh. [Cf. karaṇi -- f. ʻ action ʼ Bālar., Pk. karaṇi -- f.: √kr̥1]Pa. karaṇīya -- n. ʻ duty, business ʼ, Pk. karaṇīa -- , °ṇijja -- ; S. karṇī f. ʻ work, act ʼ, P. karnī f., Ku. karṇī; N. karni ʻ act, exp. the sexual act ʼ; Or. karaṇī ʻ work, authority ʼ; H. karnī f. ʻ act ʼ, G. karṇī f.; M. karṇī f. ʻ incantation ʼ.(CDIAL 2790, 2791) Image result for dholavira signboard bharatkalyan97 Dholavira signboard signifies the ficus PLUS ligatured ears, i.e. Sign 327. The Signboard was discovered lying on the ground,near the gateway of Dholavira. The three-part proclamation message of the Dholavira Signboard transcribed: Image result for dholavira signboard bharatkalyan97 There are three proclamations on the signboard with three segments of messages. Sign 391 is the opening statement of each of the three segments of Dholavira signboard message. This is a ligatured hieroglyph. ara 'spoke' rebus: ara 'brass'. era, er-a = eraka =?nave; erako_lu = the iron axle of a carriage (Ka.M.); cf. irasu (Ka.lex.)[Note Sign 391 and its ligatures Signs 392 and 393 may connote a spoked-wheel,nave of the wheel through which the axle passes; cf. ara_, spoke]erka = ekke (Tbh.of arka) aka (Tbh. of arka) copper (metal);crystal (Ka.lex.) cf. eruvai = copper (Ta.lex.) eraka, er-aka = anymetal infusion (Ka.Tu.); erako molten cast (Tu.lex.) Rebus: eraka= copper (Ka.)eruvai =copper (Ta.); ere - a dark-red colour (Ka.)(DEDR 817). eraka, era, er-a= syn. erka, copper, weapons (Ka.)Vikalpa: ara, arā (RV.) = spokeof wheel ஆரம்² āram , n. < āra. 1. Spokeof a wheel.See ஆரக்கால். ஆரஞ்சூழ்ந்தவயில்வாய்நேமியொடு (சிறுபாண். 253). Rebus: ஆரம் brass; பித்தளை.(அக. நி.) pittal is cognate with 'pewter'. Segment 1 a. eraka, arā b. khuṇṭa c. loa karaṇika eraka, arā 'nave of wheel, spoke' rebus: eraka moltencast, arā 'brass' khuṇṭa 'peg'; khũṭi = pin (Marathi.) Rebus: kuṇṭha munda (loha) 'hard iron (native metal)' (Munda) loa 'ficus gloomerata' (Santali) Rebus: loh 'copper (metal)' PLUS karaṇika 'ears' rebus: karaṇika engraver, 'writer' (Telugu) Thus, segment 1 reads: moltencast brass, hard metal, copper (metal) engraver; Segment 2 Sign 261 is a variant of Sign 267 kanac (kana, kana kona) mũhã̄ 'corner ingot' rebus: kañcu mũhã̄ 'bell-metal ingot'. Pa. kuṭila— 'bent', n. 'bend'(CDIAL 3231) Rebus: kuṭila 'bronze'. कुटिल kuṭila, katthīl (8 parts copper, 2 parts tin), kana, kanac 'corner' (Santali); kañcu 'bronze' (Telugu) kan- 'copper work' (Tamil). Sign 134 is ḍhaṁkaṇa 'lid' rebus dhakka 'excellent, bright, blazing metal article'. a. eraka, arā, b. kañcu mũhã̄ kuṭila c. dhakka d. khāṇḍā a. eraka, arā 'nave of wheel, spoke' rebus: eraka moltencast, arā 'brass' b. kanac 'corner', mũhã̄ 'bun ingot, lozenge shape',kuṭila— 'bent' Rebus: kañcu mũhã̄ kuṭila 'bell-metal ingot, bronze' c. ḍhaṁkaṇa 'lid' rebus dhakka 'excellent, bright, blazing metal article'. d. खांडा khāṇḍā A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). Rebus: khaṇḍa 'implements' Thus, segment 2 reads: bright blazing moltencast bell-metal ingot, bronze, equipment Segment 3 First two signs a, b.dul eraka, arā c. dhatu a, b: eraka, arā 'nave of wheel, spoke' rebus: eraka moltencast, arā 'brass' Reading of a pair of 'spoked wheel hieroglyphs as hypertext': dula 'two, pair' rebus: dul 'metal casting' PLUS eraka, arā 'nave of wheel, spoke' rebus: eraka moltencast, arā 'brass' c. ḍato 'claws or pincers (chelae) of crab Rebus: dhatu 'mineral' (Santali) Thus, segment 3 reads together: metalcasting moltencast brass, minerals https://tinyurl.com/yblannfg This is an addendum to: Wealth accounting classification ledgers & Arthaśāstra Economics 101 Indus Script dictionary https://tinyurl.com/yctvpzgk With the Indus Script Dictionary made available, some of the 10 'hieroglyphs/hypertexts' of the Dholavira signboard have been read rebus with variant expressions (plain texts).https://tinyurl.com/y8xt9qrk The message of the Signboard of Dholavira is a proclamation of metallurgical competence of the metalsmiths of Dholavira, who produce qualty metal castings, metalware and also engrave on copper (metal).

Three Indus Script Hypertexts 1. Mesilim mace c. 2550 BCE; 2. Dudu plaque c. 2400 BCE; and 3. Gardez Gaṇeśa Mūrti c. 5 CE are presented and deciphered in this monograph. The hypertexts signify metals manufactory. [quote] On this plaque, however, the two lions, usually impassive, are reaching up to bite the wings of the lion-headed eagle. Lower down is a calf, lying in the same position as the heifers on Entemena's vase. The lower register is decorated with a plait-like motif, according to some scholars a symbol of running water. The image may be read as a series of rebuses or ideograms. A priest dedicates an object to his god, represented by his symbol, and flanked perhaps by representations of sacrificial offerings: an animal for slaughter and a libation of running water. The dedicatory inscription, confined to the area left free by the image in the upper part, runs over the body of the calf: "For Ningirsu of the Eninnu, Dudu, priest of Ningirsu ... brought [this material] and fashioned it as a mace stand." [unquote] http://www.louvre.fr/en/oeuvre-notices/perforated-plaque-dudu Yes, indeed, the three hypertexts are hieroglyphs which signify rebuses in Meluhha in Indus Sarasvati Script tradition. The meanings derived from the hypertexts are detailed in this monograph. Indus Script Hypertext 1. Mesilim mace Feline and paw on Mesilim mace and on Gardez Gaṇeśa Mūrti are Indus Script hypertexts to signify, smelter and kiln, furnace in a phaḍa, paṭṭaḍe, 'metals manufactory'. Indus Script Hypertext 2. Dudu plaque Feline, eagle's wings, tigers, bull calf, twisted rope on Dudu votive plaque are Indus Script hypertexts to signify smelter and kiln, furnace in a phaḍa, paṭṭaḍe, 'metals manufactory' PLUS eraka 'wing' Rebus: erako 'moltencast copper'; Hieroglyph: arye 'lion' (Akkadian) Rebus: āra 'brass'; मेढा [ mēḍhā ] 'a curl or snarl; twist in thread' (Marathi) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.) rebus: medha 'yajna'; dām m. ʻ young ungelt ox ʼ; dhāī˜ f.dāˊman ʻ rope ʼ (Rigveda) Rebus: dhāū, dhāv 'red stone minerals'; dhā̆vaḍ 'iron-smelter.' meṛhao = v.a.m. entwine itself; wind round, wrap round roll up (Santali); maṛhnā cover, encase (Hindi) (Santali.lex.Bodding) Rebus: meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.) mẽṛh t iron; ispat m. = steel; dul m. = cast iron (Mu.) meṛed-bica = iron stone ore, in contrast to bali-bica, iron sand ore (Munda) mẽṛhẽt ‘iron’; mẽṛhẽt icena ‘the iron is rusty’; ispat mẽṛhẽt ‘steel’, dul mẽṛhẽt ‘cast iron’;mẽṛhẽt khaṇḍa ‘iron implements’ (Santali) meḍ. (Ho.)(Santali.Bodding) meṛed, mṛed, mṛdiron; enga meṛed soft iron; sanḍi meṛed hard iron; ispāt meṛed steel; dul meṛed cast iron; i meṛed rusty iron, also the iron of which weights are cast; bica meṛed iron extracted from stone ore; bali meṛed iron extracted from sand ore (Mu.) • Hieroglyph: dhAu 'rope strand' Rebus: dhAtu 'mineral element' Alternative: मेढा [ mēḍhā ] 'a curl or snarl; twist in thread' (Marathi) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.) rebus: medha 'yajna' eruvai 'eagle' Rebus: eruvai 'copper'. • • eraka 'wing' Rebus: erako 'moltencast copper'. • • Hieroglyph: arye 'lion' (Akkadian) Rebus: Ara 'brass' Hieroglyph: dām m. ʻ young ungelt ox ʼ: damya ʻ tameable ʼ, m. ʻ young bullock to be tamed ʼ Mn. [~ *dāmiya -- . -- √dam]Pa. damma -- ʻ to be tamed (esp. of a young bullock) ʼ; Pk. damma -- ʻ to be tamed ʼ; S. ḍ̠amu ʻ tamed ʼ; -- ext. -- ḍa -- : A. damrā ʻ young bull ʼ, dāmuri ʻ calf ʼ; B.dāmṛā ʻ castrated bullock ʼ; Or. dāmaṛī ʻ heifer ʼ, dāmaṛiā ʻ bullcalf, young castrated bullock ʼ, dāmuṛ, °ṛi ʻ young bullock ʼ.Addenda: damya -- : WPah.kṭg. dām m. ʻ young ungelt ox ʼ.(CDIAL 6184). This is a phonetic determinative of the 'twisted rope' hieroglyph: dhāī˜ f.dāˊman1 ʻ rope ʼ (Rigveda) Rebus: dhāū, dhāv 'red stone minerals'; dhā̆vaḍ 'iron-smelter.' • Alternative: kōḍe, kōḍiya. [Tel.] n. A bullcalf. Rebus: koḍ artisan’s workshop (Kuwi) kunda ‘turner’ kundār turner (Assamese) मेढा [ mēḍhā ] A twist or tangle arising in thread or cord, a curl or snarl.(Marathi)(CDIAL 10312).L. meṛh f. ʻrope tying oxen to each other and to post on threshing floorʼ(CDIAL 10317) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’ (Mu.Ho.) Dudu is a priest and is comparable to the priests of Mohenjo-daro and Mari. See: Priests of Mohenjo-daro and Mari (Susa) are dhāvaḍ 'iron smelters' Mirror: http://tinyurl.com/ktafaud Mohenjodaro priest. Mari priest. The characteristic functions of all three priests of Lagash, Mohenjo-daro and Mari relate to supervision of work in metal manufactories. Indus Script Hypertext 3. Gardez Gaṇeśa Mūrti See: Soma, Gaṇeśa R̥gveda divinity metaphors, tridhātu Gaṇeśa Indus Sarasvati Script hypertext https://tinyurl.com/y8sqk3wq pañja 'feline paw' rebus: pañja 'kiln, furnace'. This hypertext occurs on Gardez Gaṇeśa Mūrti and also on Mesiim mace, Girsu. phaḍa 'cobra hood' Rebus: phaḍa 'metals manufactory' paṭṭaḍe 'metals workshop' is also signified on Gardez Gaṇeśa Mūrti. A tiger ligatured with cobra hoods signified on the broad strap worn by Gardez Gaṇeśa Mūrti. kola 'tiger' rebus: kol 'working in iron' kolhe 'smelter' kolle 'blacksmith' PLUS phaḍa 'cobra hood' rebus: phaḍa 'metals manufactory' PLUS paṭṭaḷe 'broad strap around the waist' rebus: phaḍa 'metals manufactory' paṭṭaḍe 'metals workshop'. panja 'claw of beast' rebus: panja 'kiln'. I submit that this is hypertext of Indus Script Cipher to signify dhamma samjñā 'responsibility indicator' or functions assigned to Gaṇeśa as the Superintendent of metalwork artisans.

Stock Number: Y3617 A fine Harappan silver and copper seal the imprint with engraved Indus pictographic Script. On the reverse is a looped lug for suspension. circa 3rd millennium B.C., Mohenjo-Daro, Indus Valley Oxidised patina 2 x 1.5 cm koḍa 'one' Rebus: koḍ 'workshop'; aya 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' Stock Number: Y98 A Harappan steatite seal engraved with unicorn, ritual offering stand and row of signs from the Indus Valley script; the reverse with intact suspension loop carved from the same piece of stone.Circa late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. Indus Valley2.7 x 2.7 cm tsarkh 'potter's wheel' (Pashto) rebus: arka 'copper, gold'; koḍa 'one' Rebus: koḍ 'workshop' kanda kanka 'rim of jar' कार्णिक 'relating to the ear' rebus: kanda kanka 'fire-trench account, karṇika 'scribe, account' kanda kanka 'rim of jar' कार्णिक 'relating to the ear' rebus: kanda kanka 'fire-trench account, karṇika 'scribe, account' PLUS koḍa 'one' Rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, scribes' workshop. Stock Number: Y96 A Harappan steatite seal engraved with unicorn, ritual offering stand and row of signs from the Indus Valley script; the reverse with suspension loop carved from the same piece of stone.Circa late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. Indus Valley 2.7 x 2.7 cm koḍa 'one' Rebus: koḍ 'workshop' aya 'fish' rebus: aya 'iron' ayas 'alloy metal' kuṭi 'water-carrier' (Telugu) rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' Stock Number: Y97 A Harappan steatite seal engraved with unicorn, and row of signs from the Indus Valley script taṭṭal 'five' Rebus: ṭhaṭṭha brass (i.e. alloy of copper + zinc) कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 , 3 Rebus: karNaka 'scribe, supercargo' PLUS Sign 293 is a hypertext composed of 'curve' and 'pupil of eye' hieroglyphs: Curve is signified by kuṭi 'curve'; rebus: कुटिल kuṭila, katthīl (8 parts copper, 2 parts tin); cf. āra-kūṭa, 'brass' Old English ār 'brass'; Pupil of eye is kuṭi rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter'. Thus, Sign 293 signifies smelter for कुटिल kuṭila, katthī 'brass'. baraḍo = spine; backbone (Tulu) rebus: baran, bharat 'mixed alloys' (5 copper, 4 zinc and 1 tin) (Punjabi.Marathi) Or. kāṇḍa, kã̄ṛ ʻstalk, arrow ʼ(CDIAL 3023). ayaskāṇḍa 'a quantity of iron, excellent iron' (Pāṇ.gaṇ) Rebus: khaṇḍa, khāṇḍā 'tools, pots, wares'. Stock Number: X9274 A rare Indus Valley figural stone seal, carved in the form of a benign looking animal - possibly a long-eared sheep - the underside engraved with a register of signs from the Indus Valley script; a lateral drill hole for suspension runs through the centre of the animal. Circa late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. Harappa or Mohenjo-Daro, Indus Valley, Length: 6.7 / Height: 2.2 cm Re-joined from original fragments, in good condition with superb patina Stock Number: X9270 A Harappan steatite seal engraved with unicorn, ritual offering stand and row of signs from the Indus Valley script; the reverse with suspension loop carved from the same piece of stone. Circa late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. Indus Valley 3.3 x 3.3 cm कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 , 3 Rebus: karNaka 'scribe, supercargo' kanda kanka 'rim of jar' कार्णिक 'relating to the ear' rebus: kanda kanka 'fire-trench account, karṇika 'scribe, account' sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop' Sign 267 is composed of rhombus/oval/bun-ingot shape and signifier of 'corner' hieroglyph. The hypertext reads: mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' PLUS kanac 'corner' rebus: kañcu 'bell-metal'. Sign 267 is oval=shape variant, rhombus-shape of a bun ingot. Like Sign 373, this sign also signifies mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' PLUS kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'. kaṁsá1 m. ʻ metal cup ʼ AV., m.n. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ Pat. as in S., but would in Pa. Pk. and most NIA. lggs. collide with kāˊṁsya -- to which L. P. testify and under which the remaining forms for the metal are listed. 2. *kaṁsikā -- .1. Pa. kaṁsa -- m. ʻ bronze dish ʼ; S. kañjho m. ʻ bellmetal ʼ; A. kã̄h ʻ gong ʼ; Or. kãsā ʻ big pot of bell -- metal ʼ; OMarw. kāso (= kã̄ -- ?) m. ʻ bell -- metal tray for food, food ʼ; G. kã̄sā m. pl. ʻ cymbals ʼ; -- perh. Woṭ. kasṓṭ m. ʻ metal pot ʼ Buddruss Woṭ 109.2. Pk. kaṁsiā -- f. ʻ a kind of musical instrument ʼ; A. kã̄hi ʻ bell -- metal dish ʼ; G. kã̄śī f. ʻ bell -- metal cymbal ʼ, kã̄śiyɔ m. ʻ open bellmetal pan ʼ. (CDIAL 2756) Stock Number: X1874A Harappan steatite seal engraved with unicorn, ritual offering stand and row of signs from the Indus Valley script. Late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. Indus Valley18 x 18 mm Intact, with suspension loop on reverse. Stock Number: X8433 Lead tablet with Indus Valley script, three symbols on obverse; two symbols reverse. Circa 3rd millennium B.C., Harappa or Mohenjo-Daro 2.9 x 2.4 cm kolom 'rice plant' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. kolmo 'three' rebus: kolimi 'smithy, forge'. sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop' A rare Indus Valley figural stone seal, carved in the form of a benign looking animal - possibly a long-eared sheep - the underside engraved with a register of signs from the Indus Valley script; a lateral drill hole for suspension runs through the centre of the animal. Circa late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. Harappa or Mohenjo-Daro, Indus Valley, Length: 6.7 / Height: 2.2 cm Re-joined from original fragments, in good condition with superb patina Stock Number: X9270 A Harappan steatite seal engraved with unicorn, ritual offering stand and row of signs from the Indus Valley script; the reverse with suspension loop carved from the same piece of stone. Circa late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. Indus Valley 3.3 x 3.3 cm कर्णक m. du. the two legs spread out AV. xx , 133 , 3 Rebus: karNaka 'scribe, supercargo' kanda kanka 'rim of jar' कार्णिक 'relating to the ear' rebus: kanda kanka 'fire-trench account, karṇika 'scribe, account' sal 'splinter' rebus: sal 'workshop' Sign 267 is composed of rhombus/oval/bun-ingot shape and signifier of 'corner' hieroglyph. The hypertext reads: mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' PLUS kanac 'corner' rebus: kañcu 'bell-metal'. Sign 267 is oval=shape variant, rhombus-shape of a bun ingot. Like Sign 373, this sign also signifies mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' PLUS kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'. kaṁsá1 m. ʻ metal cup ʼ AV., m.n. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ Pat. as in S., but would in Pa. Pk. and most NIA. lggs. collide with kāˊṁsya -- to which L. P. testify and under which the remaining forms for the metal are listed. 2. *kaṁsikā -- .1. Pa. kaṁsa -- m. ʻ bronze dish ʼ; S. kañjho m. ʻ bellmetal ʼ; A. kã̄h ʻ gong ʼ; Or. kãsā ʻ big pot of bell -- metal ʼ; OMarw. kāso (= kã̄ -- ?) m. ʻ bell -- metal tray for food, food ʼ; G. kã̄sā m. pl. ʻ cymbals ʼ; -- perh. Woṭ. kasṓṭ m. ʻ metal pot ʼ Buddruss Woṭ 109.2. Pk. kaṁsiā -- f. ʻ a kind of musical instrument ʼ; A. kã̄hi ʻ bell -- metal dish ʼ; G. kã̄śī f. ʻ bell -- metal cymbal ʼ, kã̄śiyɔ m. ʻ open bellmetal pan ʼ. (CDIAL 2756) Stock Number: X8880 A Harappan steatite seal engraved with unicorn, ritual offering stand and row of signs from the Indus Valley script. Late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. Indus Valley 3.4 x 3.4 cm tsarkh 'potter's wheel' (Pashto) rebus: arka 'copper, gold'; koḍa 'one' Rebus: koḍ 'workshop' dula 'two' rebus: dul 'metal casting' kanda kanka 'rim of jar' कार्णिक 'relating to the ear' rebus: kanda kanka 'fire-trench account, karṇika 'scribe, account' PLUS koḍa 'one' Rebus: koḍ 'workshop'. Thus, scribes' workshop. Sign 267 is composed of rhombus/oval/bun-ingot shape and signifier of 'corner' hieroglyph. The hypertext reads: mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' PLUS kanac 'corner' rebus: kañcu 'bell-metal'. Sign 267 is oval=shape variant, rhombus-shape of a bun ingot. Like Sign 373, this sign also signifies mũhã̄ 'bun ingot' PLUS kanac 'corner' rebus: kancu 'bell-metal'. kaṁsá1 m. ʻ metal cup ʼ AV., m.n. ʻ bell -- metal ʼ Pat. as in S., but would in Pa. Pk. and most NIA. lggs. collide with kāˊṁsya -- to which L. P. testify and under which the remaining forms for the metal are listed. 2. *kaṁsikā -- .1. Pa. kaṁsa -- m. ʻ bronze dish ʼ; S. kañjho m. ʻ bellmetal ʼ; A. kã̄h ʻ gong ʼ; Or. kãsā ʻ big pot of bell -- metal ʼ; OMarw. kāso (= kã̄ -- ?) m. ʻ bell -- metal tray for food, food ʼ; G. kã̄sā m. pl. ʻ cymbals ʼ; -- perh. Woṭ. kasṓṭ m. ʻ metal pot ʼ Buddruss Woṭ 109.2. Pk. kaṁsiā -- f. ʻ a kind of musical instrument ʼ; A. kã̄hi ʻ bell -- metal dish ʼ; G. kã̄śī f. ʻ bell -- metal cymbal ʼ, kã̄śiyɔ m. ʻ open bellmetal pan ʼ. (CDIAL 2756) Sign 176Hieroglyph: currycomb: खरारा kharārā m ( H) A currycomb. 2 Currying a horse. ख0 खाजवीत नगारा वाजवीत-येतो-फिरतो &c. Used of a low vagabond or idler.(Marathi) Rebus: wealth-accounting ledgers -- kharada खरडें 'daybooks' Hieroglyph: Currycomb, scraper: khareḍo 'a currycomb' (Gujarati); खरड्या kharaḍyā a (खरडणें) That writes or shaves rudely and roughly; a mere quill-driver; a very scraper. khareḍo = a currycomb (Gujarati) खरारा [ kharārā ] m ( H) A currycomb. 2 Currying a horse. (Marathi) Rebus: 1. करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi) 2. kharādī ‘ turner’ (Gujarati) Rebus: करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi). khareḍo = a currycomb (Gujarati) खरारा [ kharārā ] m ( H) A currycomb. 2 Currying a horse. (Marathi) Rebus: 1. करडा [karaḍā] Hard from alloy--iron, silver &c. (Marathi) 2. kharādī ‘ turner’ (Gujarati) Stock Number: X8881 A Harappan lead seal with design of unicorn, ritual offering stand and row of signs from the Indus Valley script. Late 3rd to early 2nd millennium B.C. Indus Valley 2.2 x 2.0 cm ranku 'liquid measure' rebus: ranku 'tin' Hypertext of Sign 336 has hieroglyph components: muka 'ladle' (Tamil)(DEDR 4887) Rebus: mū̃h'ingot' (Santali).PLUS Sign 328 baṭa 'rimless pot' rebus: baṭa 'iron' bhaṭa 'furnace'. The hypertext reads: mū̃h bhaṭa 'ingot furnace'

Figurines made by Ancient Near East artisans also have hieroglyh multiplex components as on inscriptions of Indus Script Corpora-- rebus-metonymy-layered Meluhha, Prakritam speech signifying metalwork. What is shown as a hypertext on a potsherd is also shown on a Mohenjo-daro bronze figurine of a dancer's dance-step. The gloss is meD 'dance' (Remo); meTTU dance step (Telugu) Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.) Similar hieroglyph multiplexes on figurines and cylinder seal hieroglyphs of Ancient Near East also constitute metalwork catalogues of Meluhha smths. Why is a 'dancing girl' glyph shown on a potsherd discovered at Bhirrana? Because, dance-step is a hieroglyph written as hypertext cipher. Hieroglyph: karã̄ n. pl. ʻ wristlets, bangles ʼ (Gujarati) Rebus: khAr 'blacksmith' Dancers are depicted as hieroglyphs on a tablet m0493 as shown below. m0493Bt Pict-93: Three dancing figures in a row. Text 2843 Glyph: Three dancers. Kolmo ‘three’; meD ‘to dance’ Rebus: kolami ‘furnace, smithy’; meD ‘iron’ Sign 44 (this glyph could be compared with the orthography of three dancers in a row; the glyph is a ligature showing a 'dance step' and a rimless pot). Glyphs: meD 'dance' (Remo); rebus: meD 'iron'; bat.a 'pot'; bat.hi 'furnace'. Rebus: mẽṛhẽt, meḍ 'iron' (Mu.Ho.) So, why a dancing girl? Because, depiction of a dance pose is a hieroglyph to represent what was contained in the pot. The glyph encodes the mleccha word for 'iron': med. Glyph: meD 'to dance' (F.)[reduplicated from me-]; me id. (M.) in Remo (Munda)(Source: D. Stampe's Munda etyma) meṭṭu to tread, trample, crush under foot, tread or place the foot upon (Te.); meṭṭu step (Ga.); mettunga steps (Ga.). maḍye to trample, tread (Malt.)(DEDR 5057) మెట్టు (p. 1027) [ meṭṭu ] meṭṭu. [Tel.] v. a. &n. To step, walk, tread. అడుగుపెట్టు, నడుచు, త్రొక్కు. "మెల్ల మెల్లన మెట్టుచుదొలగి అల్లనల్లనతలుపులండకు జేరి." BD iv. 1523. To tread on, to trample on. To kick, to thrust with the foot.మెట్టిక meṭṭika. n. A step , మెట్టు, సోపానము (Telugu) Rebus: meD 'iron' (Mundari. Remo.) Hieroglyph 1: Ta. patam cobra's hood. Ma. paṭam id. Ka. peḍe id. Te. paḍaga id. Go. (S.) paṛge, (Mu.) baṛak, (Ma.) baṛki, (F-H.) biṛki hood of serpent (Voc. 2154). / Turner, CDIAL, no. 9040, Skt. (s)phaṭa-, sphaṭā- a serpent's expanded hood, Pkt. phaḍā- id. For IE etymology, see Burrow, The Problem of Shwa in Sanskrit, p. 45.(DEDR 45 Appendix) phaṭa n. ʻ expanded hood of snake ʼ MBh. 2. *phēṭṭa -- 2. [Cf. phuṭa -- m., °ṭā -- f., sphuṭa -- m. lex., °ṭā -- f. Pañcat. (Pk. phuḍā -- f.), sphaṭa -- m., °ṭā -- f., sphōṭā -- f. lex. and phaṇa -- 1. Conn. words in Drav. T. Burrow BSOAS xii 386] 1. Pk. phaḍa -- m.n. ʻ snake's hood ʼ, °ḍā -- f., M. phaḍā m., °ḍī f. 2. A. pheṭ, phẽṭ.(CDIAL 9040) Hieroglyph 2: Ta. paṭam instep. Ma. paṭam flat part of the hand or foot. Pe. paṭa key palm of hand. Manḍ. paṭa kiy id.; paṭa kāl sole of foot. Kuwi. (Su.) paṭa nakipalm of hand. (DEDR 3843) పదును (p. 0710) [ padunu ] or పదను padunu. [Tel. పది+ఉను.] Temper, sharpness, whetting, Go. (ASu.) padnā sharpness. Konḍa padnu being ready for use (as oilseed being preparèd for pressing), sharpening (of knife by heating and hammering). Ta. patamsharpness (as of the edge of a knife),Ko. padm (obl. padt-) temper of iron.(DEDR 3907) Hieroglyph: kara 'hand' Rebus: కరమల (p. 0250) [ karamala ] karamala. [Tel.] n. A blacksmith. కమ్మరి. కరకర (p. 0249) [ karakara ] kara-kara. [Tel.] n. Sharpness. ఒరయుట. తీక్ష్ణము కరము (p. 0250) [ karamu ] karamu. [Skt.] n. The hand. చెయ్యి. A ray of light కిరణము. An elephant's trunk తొండము. Rebus: blacksmith: khār 1 खार् । लोहकारः m. (sg. abl. khāra 1 खार; the pl. dat. of this word is khāran 1 खारन्, which is to be distinguished from khāran 2, q.v., s.v.), a blacksmith, an iron worker (cf. bandūka-khār, p. 111b, l. 46; K.Pr. 46; H. xi, 17); a farrier (El.). This word is often a part of a name, and in such case comes at the end (W. 118) as in Wahab khār, Wahab the smith (H. ii, 12; vi, 17). khāra-bastakhāra-basta खार-बस््त । चर्मप्रसेविका f. the skin bellows of a blacksmith. -büṭhü -ब&above;ठू&below; । लोहकारभित्तिः f. the wall of a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -bāy -बाय् । लोहकारपत्नी f. a blacksmith's wife (Gr.Gr. 34). -dŏkuru । लोहकारायोघनः m. a blacksmith's hammer, a sledge-hammer. -gȧji -ग&above;जि&below; or -güjü -। लोहकारचुल्लिः f. a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -hāl -हाल् । लोहकारकन्दुः f. (sg. dat. -höjü -हा&above;जू&below;), a blacksmith's smelting furnace; cf. hāl 5. -kūrü -कूरू&below; । लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter. -koṭu । लोहकारपुत्रः m. the son of a blacksmith, esp. a skilful son, who can work at the same profession. -küṭü । लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter, esp. one who has the virtues and qualities properly belonging to her father's profession or caste. -më˘ʦü 1 । लोहकारमृत्तिका f. (for 2, see [khāra 3] ), 'blacksmith's earth,' i.e. iron-ore. -nĕcyuwu । लोहकारात्मजः m. a blacksmith's son. -nay -नय् । लोहकारनालिका f. (for khāranay 2, see [khārun] ), the trough into which the blacksmith allows melted iron to flow after smelting. -ʦañĕ ञ । लोहकारशान्ताङ्गाराः f.pl. charcoal used by blacksmiths in their furnaces. -wān वान् ।लोहकारापणः m. a blacksmith's shop, a forge, smithy (K.Pr. 3). -waṭh -वठ् । आघाताधारशिला m. (sg. dat. -waṭas -वटि), the large stone used by a blacksmith as an anvil. (Kashmiri)

Two Indus Script hypertexts of Hasanlu gold bowl and Mari procession mosaic panel are deciphered in this monograph: 1. bos indicus aurochs (zebu) on Hasanlu gold bowl; and 2. bos aurochs (young bull with one horn, cowl) on rein-rings held aloft on culm of millet as flagstaff (Mari procession). The Meluhha readings are: 1. pōḷa kāṇḍakara 'ferrite metal equipment-maker, sword-maker, arrow-maker'; and 2. kundakara jāṅgaḍa 'fine gold invoiced on approval basis'. This is a continuation of the monographs at: 1. Proto-Indo-Aryan metalwork wealth acccounting Indus Script hypertexts of Sarasvati Civilization, link Hasanlu gold bowl, Mitanni Aryan narratives https://tinyurl.com/ybkaoozc 2. Priests of Mohenjo-daro and Mari (Susa) are dhāvaḍ 'iron smelters' http://tinyurl.com/ktafaud Focus on bos indicus aurochs + water flowing out of muzzle. The Hasanlu bowl.ca. 800 BCE. Museum Iran Bastan, Teheran. After Winter 1989, fig. 6, p. 90, drawing by M. T. M. de Schauensee. http://www.bulletinasiainstitute.org/abst/vol22/Francfort.jpg Indus Script hypertexts: Water flows out of zebu muzzle (Hasanlu bowl), Culm of millet lifts up rein-ring and young bull (Mari procession) 1. sword-arrow-maker; 2. fine gold invoiced on approval basis' Hieroglyph1: காண்டம்² kāṇṭam , n. < kāṇḍa. 1. Water; sacred water; நீர். துருத்திவா யதுக்கிய குங்குமக் காண் டமும் (கல்லா. 49, 16). काण्डः ण्डम् Water. निवृत्ताः काण्डचित्राणि क्रियन्ते दाशबन्धुभिः Rām.2.89.18. కాండము kāṇḍamu kānḍamu. [Skt.] n. Water. నీళ్లు.(Telugu) Hieroglyph 2: کرئِي kar-aʿī, s.f. (6th) A ring, an ox muzzle, or halter for a horse. Sing. and Pl. (Pashto) S. karāī f. 'wrist'; karã̄ n. pl. ʻ wristlets, bangles ʼ.(Gujarati) (CDIAL 2779). Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri). Hieroglyph 3: पोळ pōḷa m A bull dedicated to the gods, marked with a trident and discus, and set at large. पोळा pōḷā m (पोळ) A festive day for cattle,--the day of new moon of श्रावण or of भाद्रपद. Bullocks are exempted from labor; variously daubed and decorated; and paraded about in worship. (Marathi) Rebus:पोळ pōḷa 'magnetite, ferrite ore'. Together, the rebus reading is: pōḷa kāṇḍakara 'ferrite metal equipment-maker, sword-maker, arrow-maker' *kāṇḍakara ʻ worker with reeds or arrows ʼ. [kāˊṇḍa -- , kará -- 1] L. kanērā m. ʻ mat -- maker ʼ; H. kãḍerā m. ʻ a caste of bow -- and arrow -- makers ʼ.(CDIAL 3024) காண்டம்² kāṇṭam , n. < kāṇḍa. Staff, rod; கோல். (சூடா.);Arrow; அம்பு. (சூடா.) 5. Weapon; ஆயுதம். (சூடா.) kāˊṇḍa (kāṇḍá -- TS.) m.n. ʻ single joint of a plant ʼ AV., ʻ arrow ʼ MBh.; Bshk. kāˋ'n ʻ arrow ʼ, Tor. kan m., Sv. kã̄ṛa, Phal. kōṇ, Sh. gil. kōn f. (→ Ḍ. kōn, pl. kāna f.), pales. kōṇ;; kānī f. ʻ arrow ʼ; WPah. bhal. kān n. ʻ arrow ʼ, jaun. kã̄ḍ; N. kã̄ṛ ʻ arrow ʼ, °ṛo ʻ rafter ʼ; A. kã̄r ʻ arrow ʼ; B. kã̄ṛ ʻ arrow ʼ\; G. kã̄ḍ m. ʻ joint, bough, arrow ʼ(CDIAL 3023) खंडा khaṇḍā m A sort of sword. It is straight and twoedged. See खांडा khāṇḍā m A kind of sword, straight, broad-bladed, two-edged, and round-ended. काण्डः ण्डम् An arrow. मनो दृष्टिगतं कृत्वा ततः काण्डं विसर्जयेत् Dhanur.3; Mb.5.155.7. काण्डवत् m. An archer. (Skt. Apte) A soldier and a Mari dignitary who carries the standard of Mari. Detail of a victory parade, from the Ishtar temple, Mari, Syria. Schist panel inlaid with mother of pearl plaques. Louvre Museum. Frieze of a mosaic panel Circa 2500-2400 BCE Temple of Ishtar, Mari (Tell Hariri), Syria Shell and shale André Parrot excavations, 1934-36 AO 19820 (Fig.2) Indus Script Cipher provides a clue to the standard of Mari which is signified by a young bull with one horn. सांगडणें sāṅgaḍaṇēṃ v c (सांगड) To link, join, or unite together (boats, fruits, animals); सांगड sāṅgaḍa f A body formed of two or more (fruits, animals, men) linked or joined together. That member of a turner's apparatus by which the piece to be turned is confined and steadied. सांगडीस धरणें To take into linkedness or close connection with, lit. fig. (Marathi) Rebus: जांगड jāṅgaḍa ad Without definitive settlement of purchase--goods taken from a shop. (Marathi) jangadiyo 'military guards carrying treasure into the treasury' (Gujarati) Hieroglyph 4, 5 Young bull, : खोंड khōṇḍa m A young bull, a bullcalf. खोंडा khōṇḍā m A कांबळा of which one end is formed into a cowl or hood. Rebus 4, 5: कोंदण kōndaṇa n (कोंदणें) Setting or infixing of gems. 2 Beaten or drawn gold used in the operation. 3 The socket of a gem.कोंदणपट्टी kōndaṇapaṭṭī f The strip of beaten or drawn gold used in setting gems. kundaṇa 'fine gold' (Tulu) Hieroglyph 5: kunda1 m. ʻ a turner's lathe ʼ lex. [Cf. *cunda -- 1]N. kũdnu ʻ to shape smoothly, smoothe, carve, hew ʼ, kũduwā ʻ smoothly shaped ʼ; A. kund ʻ lathe ʼ, kundiba ʻ to turn and smooth in a lathe ʼ, kundowā ʻ smoothed and rounded ʼ; B. kũd ʻ lathe ʼ, kũdā, kõdā ʻ to turn in a lathe ʼ; Or. kū˘nda ʻ lathe ʼ, kũdibā, kū̃d° ʻ to turn ʼ (→ Drav. Kur. kū̃d ʻ lathe ʼ); Bi. kund ʻ brassfounder's lathe ʼ; H. kunnā ʻ to shape on a lathe ʼ, kuniyā m. ʻ turner ʼ, kunwā m.(CDIAL 3295) *cunda1 ʻ wood or ivory work ʼ. [Cf. kunda -- 1] Pa. cunda -- m. ʻ ivory worker ʼ; Or. cundibā ʻ to do woodwork ʼ. (CDIAL 4861) کرئِي kar-aʿī, s.f. (6th) A ring, an ox muzzle, or halter for a horse. Sing. and Pl. (Pashto) S. karāī f. 'wrist'; karã̄ n. pl. ʻ wristlets, bangles ʼ.(Gujarati) (CDIAL 2779). Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' (Kashmiri). Rebus: together, the hypertextis: kundakara m. ʻ turner ʼ W. [Cf. *cundakāra -- : kunda -- 1, kará -- 1]A. kundār, B. kũdār, °ri, Or. kundāru; H. kũderā m. ʻ one who works a lathe, one who scrapes ʼ, °rī f., kũdernā ʻ to scrape, plane, round on a lathe ʼ.(CDIAL 3297) *cundakāra m. ʻ turner ʼ. [Cf. kundakara -- . -- *cunda -- 1, kāra -- 1] Pa. cundakāra -- m.; Ku. cunāro ʻ maker of wooden vessels ʼ, N. cunāro, can°, cũdāro, cãd°. (CDIAL 4862) Hieroglyph: culm of millet (as flagstaff): karb 'culm of millet' kaḍambá, kalamba -- 1, m. ʻ end, point, stalk of a pot- herb ʼ lex. [See kadambá -- ] B. kaṛamba ʻ stalk of greens ʼ; Or. kaṛambā, °mā stalks and plants among stubble of a reaped field ʼ; H. kaṛbī, karbī f. ʻ tubular stalk or culm of a plant, esp. of millet ʼ (→ P. karb m.); M. kaḍbā m. ʻ the culm of millet ʼ. -- Or. kaḷama ʻ a kind of firm -- stemmed reed from which pens are made ʼ infl. by H. kalam ʻ pen ʼ ← Ar.?(CDIAL 2653) Rebus: karba 'iron' (Tulu)(DEDR 1278) See ajirda karba, 'hard iron':: Ta. ayil iron. Ma. ayir, ayiram any ore. Ka. aduru native metal. Tu. ajirda karba very hard iron. (DEDR 192) Thus, together, the hypertext is: kundakara jāṅgaḍa 'fine gold turner's output invoiced on approval basis'.

Indus script hieroglyph-multiplexes associated with 'Pleiades' hieroglyphs and a markhor with a human face, a worshipper in front of an arbour, canopy of ficus benghalensis point to iron smelting work. The specific words in Meluhha (Proto-Prakritam) lexis are the cipher which lead to this decipherment: manifold array of metal instruments and metal castings. Hieroglyph: bahulā f. pl. ʻ the Pleiades ʼ Rebus: pākuṭam 'royal tribute' Rebus: bangala 'oven' (forbaṅgāru'gold'). A tablet from Mohenjo-daro, excavation number HR 4161, now in the National Museum of India, New Delhi. [Pleiades, (twigs as headdress) scarfed, framework, scarfed person, worshipper, markhor, ficus religiosa] Brief memoranda: Hieroglyph: మండ [ maṇḍa ] manḍa. [Tel.] n. A twig with leaves on it. Rebus: mã̄ḍ m. ʻ array of instruments &c. (CDIAL 9736) maṇḍa 'iron dross, slag' Sa. <i>mE~R~hE~'d</i> `iron'. ! <i>mE~RhE~d</i>(M). Ma. <i>mErhE'd</i> `iron'.Mu. <i>mERE'd</i> `iron'. ~ <i>mE~R~E~'d</i> `iron'. ! <i>mENhEd</i>(M).Ho <i>meD</i> `iron'.Bj. <i>merhd</i>(Hunter) `iron'.KW <i>mENhEd</i> (Munda) bahulā f. pl. ʻ the Pleiades ʼ VarBr̥S., °likā -- f. pl. lex. [bahulá -- ]Kal. bahul ʻ the Pleiades ʼ, Kho. ból, (Lor.) boul, bolh, Sh. (Lor.) b*lle.(CDIAL 9195) பாகுலம் pākulam , n. < bāhula. The month of Kārttikai = November-December; கார்த்திகை மாதம். (W.) పావడము [ pāvaḍamu ] pāvaḍamu. [Tel.] n. A present, gift. కానుక. बाहुल्य [ bāhulya ] n (S) Abundance, copiousness, plenty. Rebus: Manifold: bāhula बाहुल a. Manifold. -लः Fire; शीतरुजं समये च परस्मिन् बाहुलतो रसिका शमयन्ती Rām. Ch.4.99. -2 The month Kārtika. -लम् 1 Manifoldness. -2 An armour for the arms, vantbrass. -ली The day of full moon in the month of Kārtika. Rebus: பாகுடம் pākuṭam, n. < Pkt. pāuḍa < prābhṛta. [K. pāvuḍa.] 1. Gift, present; கையுறை. நரிப் படைக்கொரு பாகுடம்போலே (திவ். பெரியாழ். 4, 5, 8). 2. Royal revenue, impost, tribute; அரசிறை. (சூடா.) Hieroglyph: bagala 'Pleiades' Rebus: బంగల [ baṅgala ] bangala. [Tel.] n. An oven. కుంపటి.(Telugu) பங்காரு paṅkāru , n. < T. baṅgāru. [K. baṅgāra.] Gold; பொன். Loc. Pa. Pk. bahala-- ʻ dense, thick ʼ(CDIAL 9182) bhaṭā 'brick kiln' (Assamese) بټ baṯṯ, s.m. (2nd) A large iron pan or cauldron for roasting grain, a furnace, a kiln.(Pashto) bhuvɔ m. ʻ worshipper in a temple ʼ (Gujarati) rather < bhr̥ta --(CDIAL 9554) Yājñ.com., Rebus: bhaṭā‘kiln, furnace’ Pk. bhuaga -- m. ʻ worshipper in a temple ʼPk. bhayaga -- m. ʻ servant ʼ, bhaḍa -- m. ʻ soldier ʼ(CDIAL 9558) *bhr̥tagātu ʻ hero song ʼ. [bhr̥ta -- , gātú -- 2] Ku. bhaṛau ʻ song about the prowess of ancient heroes ʼ.(CDIAL 9590) m0448 (Framework, tiger, scarfed person, worshipper, twig, horn, markhor, stool, ladle) kole.l 'temple' Rebu: kole.l 'smithy' (Kota) baTa 'rimless pot' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace, kiln'. dhatu + bhaTa 'scarf + worshipper, bard' Rebus: dhatu bhaTa 'iron ore smelter' Offering hieroglyph-multiplex: worshipper, scarfed + human face+ markhor: cast iron ingots Hieroglyph: miṇḍāl markhor (Tor.wali) meḍho a ram, a sheep (G.) Rebus: meḍ (Ho.); mẽṛhet‘iron’ (Munda.Ho.) Hieroglyph: mũhe ‘face’ (Santali) Rebus: mũh opening or hole (in a stove for stoking (Bi.); ingot (Santali) mũh metal ingot (Santali) mũhã̄ = the quantity of iron produced at one time in a native smelting furnace of the Kolhes; iron produced by the Kolhes and formed like a four-cornered piece a little pointed at each end; mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends; kolhe tehen mẽṛhẽt ko mūhā akata = the Kolhes have to-day produced pig iron (Santali) m1186 (DK6847) [Pleiades, scarfed, framework, ficus religiosa , scarfed person, worshipper, twigs (on head), horn, markhor, human face ligatured to markhor, stool, ladle, frame of a building] Brief memoranda: baTa 'ficus benghalensis, banyan' Rebus: bhaTa 'furnace, kiln, smelter' dhatu 'scar' Rebus: dhatu 'iron mineral'. koD 'horn' Rebus: koD 'workshop' kuTi 'twig' Rebus: kuThi 'smelter'. karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, banglesRebus: khAr 'blacksmith, iron worker' Ficus benghalensis The hieroglyph-multiplex denotes: iron smelter, iron worker. Hieroglyph: karã̄ n. pl. wristlets, bangles: kará1 ʻ doing, causing ʼ AV., m. ʻ hand ʼ RV. [√kr̥1]Pa. Pk. kara -- m. ʻ hand ʼ; S. karu m. ʻ arm ʼ; Mth. kar m. ʻ hand ʼ (prob. ← Sk.); Si. kara ʻ hand, shoulder ʼ, inscr. karā ʻ to ʼ < karāya. -- Deriv. S. karāī f. ʻ wrist ʼ; G. karã̄ n. pl. ʻ wristlets, bangles ʼ.(CDIAL 2779) Hieroglyph: dhatu 'scarf' Rebus: dhatu 'mineral ore' Thus, dhatu + karã̄ Rebus: dhatu khār ' iron ore (mineral) worker'. Hieroglyph: scarf: *dhaṭa2, dhaṭī -- f. ʻ old cloth, loincloth ʼ lex. [Drav., Kan. daṭṭi ʻ waistband ʼ etc., DED 2465]Ku. dhaṛo ʻ piece of cloth ʼ, N. dharo, B. dhaṛā; Or. dhaṛā ʻ rag, loincloth ʼ, dhaṛi ʻ rag ʼ; Mth. dhariā ʻ child's narrow loincloth ʼ.*dhaṭavastra -- .Addenda: *dhaṭa -- 2. 2. †*dhaṭṭa -- : WPah.kṭg. dhàṭṭu m. ʻ woman's headgear, kerchief ʼ, kc. dhaṭu m. (also dhaṭhu m. ʻ scarf ʼ, J. dhāṭ(h)u m. Him.I 105).(CDIAL 6707) Rebus: dhā̆vaḍ iron smelter: dhāˊtu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf. tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV.,ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā] Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f.(CDIAL 6773) khār 1 खार् । लोहकारः m. (sg. abl. khāra 1 खार; the pl. dat. of this word is khāran 1 खारन्, which is to be distinguished from khāran 2, q.v., s.v.), a blacksmith, an iron worker (cf. bandūka-khār, p. 111b, l. 46; K.Pr. 46; H. xi, 17); a farrier (El.). This word is often a part of a name, and in such case comes at the end (W. 118) as in Wahab khār, Wahab the smith (H. ii, 12; vi, 17). khāra-basta खार-बस््त । चर्मप्रसेविका f. the skin bellows of a blacksmith. -büṭhü -ब&above;ठू&below; । लोहकारभित्तिः f. the wall of a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -bāy -बाय् । लोहकारपत्नी f. a blacksmith's wife (Gr.Gr. 34). -dŏkuru -। लोहकारायोघनः m. a blacksmith's hammer, a sledge-hammer. -gȧji -ग&above;जि&below; or -güjü - । लोहकारचुल्लिः f. a blacksmith's furnace or hearth. -hāl -हाल् । लोहकारकन्दुः f. (sg. dat. -höjü -), a blacksmith's smelting furnace; cf. hāl 5. -kūrü - । लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter. -koṭu । लोहकारपुत्रः m. the son of a blacksmith, esp. a skilful son, who can work at the same profession. -küṭü -। लोहकारकन्या f. a blacksmith's daughter, esp. one who has the virtues and qualities properly belonging to her father's profession or caste. -më˘ʦü 1 -म्य&above;च&dotbelow;ू&below; । लोहकारमृत्तिका f. (for 2, see [khāra 3] ), 'blacksmith's earth,' i.e. iron-ore. -nĕcyuwu -न्यचिवु&below; । लोहकारात्मजः m. a blacksmith's son. -nay -नय् । लोहकारनालिका f. (for khāranay 2, see [khārun] ), the trough into which the blacksmith allows melted iron to flow after smelting. -ʦañĕ -च्&dotbelow;ञ । लोहकारशान्ताङ्गाराः f.pl. charcoal used by blacksmiths in their furnaces. -wān वान् । लोहकारापणः m. a blacksmith's shop, a forge, smithy (K.Pr. 3). -waṭh -वठ् । आघाताधारशिला m. (sg. dat. -waṭas -वटि), the large stone used by a blacksmith as an anvil.(Kashmiri) Hieroglyph: vaṭa1 m. ʻ the banyan Ficus indica ʼ MBh.Pa. vaṭa -- m. ʻ banyan ʼ, Pk. vaḍa -- , °aga -- m., K. war in war -- kulu m., S. baṛu m. (← E); P. vaṛ, baṛ m., vohṛ, bohṛ f. ʻ banyan ʼ, vaṛoṭā, ba° m. ʻ young banyan ʼ (+?); N. A. bar ʻ banyan ʼ, B. baṛ, Bi. bar (→ Or. bara), H. baṛ m. (→ Bhoj. Mth. baṛ), G. vaṛ m., M. vaḍ m., Ko. vaḍu.*vaṭapadra -- , *vaṭapātikā -- .Addenda: vaṭa -- 1: Garh. baṛ ʻ fig tree ʼ.(CDIAL 11211) *vaṭapadra ʻ a place -- name ʼ. [vaṭa -- 1, padrá -- ?] Pk. vaḍavadda -- n. ʻ name of a town in Gujarat ʼ, G. vaṛod ʻ Baroda ʼ ODBL 497. (CDIAL 11214) *vaṭapātikā ʻ falling from banyan ʼ. [vaṭa -- 1, pāta -- ]G. vaṛvāī f. ʻ hanging root of banyan tree ʼ.(CDIAL 11215) Rebus: bhaṭṭhā 'kiln' bhaṭhī 'furnace'. bhráṣṭra n. ʻ frying pan, gridiron ʼ MaitrS. [√bhrajj]Pk. bhaṭṭha -- m.n. ʻ gridiron ʼ; K. büṭhü f. ʻ level surface by kitchen fireplace on which vessels are put when taken off fire ʼ; S. baṭhu m. ʻ large pot in which grain is parched, large cooking fire ʼ, baṭhī f. ʻ distilling furnace ʼ; L. bhaṭṭh m. ʻ grain -- parcher's oven ʼ, bhaṭṭhī f. ʻ kiln, distillery ʼ, awāṇ. bhaṭh; P. bhaṭṭh m., °ṭhī f. ʻ furnace ʼ, bhaṭṭhā m. ʻ kiln ʼ; N. bhāṭi ʻ oven or vessel in which clothes are steamed for washing ʼ; A. bhaṭā ʻ brick -- or lime -- kiln ʼ; B. bhāṭi ʻ kiln ʼ; Or. bhāṭi ʻ brick -- kiln, distilling pot ʼ; Mth. bhaṭhī, bhaṭṭī ʻ brick -- kiln, furnace, still ʼ; Aw.lakh.bhāṭhā ʻ kiln ʼ; H. bhaṭṭhā m. ʻ kiln ʼ, bhaṭ f. ʻ kiln, oven, fireplace ʼ; M. bhaṭṭā m. ʻ pot of fire ʼ, bhaṭṭī f. ʻ forge ʼ. -- X bhástrā -- q.v. bhrāṣṭra -- ; *bhraṣṭrapūra -- , *bhraṣṭrāgāra -- .Addenda: bhráṣṭra -- : S.kcch. bhaṭṭhī keṇī ʻ distil (spirits) ʼ.*bhraṣṭrapūra ʻ gridiron -- cake ʼ. [Cf. bhrāṣṭraja -- ʻ pro- duced on a gridiron ʼ lex. -- bhráṣṭra -- , pūra -- 2]P. bhaṭhūhar, °hrā, bhaṭhūrā, °ṭhorū m. ʻ cake of leavened bread ʼ; -- or < *bhr̥ṣṭapūra -- .*bhraṣṭrāgāra ʻ grain parching house ʼ. [bhráṣṭra -- , agāra -- ] P. bhaṭhiār, °ālā m. ʻ grainparcher's shop ʼ.(CDIAL 9656-9658) kuṭire bica duljad.ko talkena, they were feeding the furnace with ore. In this Santali sentence bica denotes the hematite ore. For example, samṛobica, 'stones containing gold' (Mundari) meṛed-bica 'iron stone-ore' ; bali-bica, iron sand ore (Munda). mẽṛhẽt, meḍ ‘iron’(Munda. Ho.) Meluhha rebus representations are: bica ‘scorpion’ bica ‘stone ore’.

Mounted as a pair of 'srivatsa' symbols atop two pillars of the Sanchi stupa torana (north gate), the proclamation is: aya kammaṭa 'metal mint' PLUS dhāvḍā 'smelter', the two components of the message are signified by: daürā 'rope' typing the fins of fishes khambhaṛā 'fin'. dula 'pair' rebus: dul 'cast metal'. This remarkable hypertext is thus a continuum of Indus Script cipher and Prakritam used by Bharatam janam, 'metalcaster people'. There are two hieroglyph components in the hieroglyph-multiplex (hypertext) atop Sanchi stupa. They are: 1. fin (tail) of a pair of fishes; 2. rope tying the two fishes together. These components are clearly seen in the orthographic variants signified on Jaina Ayagapattas. Hieroglyph: khambhaṛā m. ʻ fin ʼ (Lahnda):*skambha2 ʻ shoulder -- blade, wing, plumage ʼ. [Cf. *skapa -- s.v. *khavaka -- ] S. khambhu, °bho m. ʻ plumage ʼ, khambhuṛi f. ʻ wing ʼ; L. khabbh m., mult. khambh m. ʻ shoulder -- blade, wing, feather ʼ, khet. khamb ʻ wing ʼ, mult. khambhaṛā m. ʻ fin ʼ; P. khambh m. ʻ wing, feather ʼ; G. khā̆m f., khabhɔ m. ʻ shoulder ʼ.(CDIAL 13640) Rebus: Ta. kampaṭṭam coinage, coin. Ma. kammaṭṭam, kammiṭṭam coinage, mint. Ka. kammaṭa id.; kammaṭi a coiner. (DEDR 1236) skambhá1 m. ʻ prop, pillar ʼ RV. 2. ʻ *pit ʼ (semant. cf. kūˊpa -- 1). [√skambh] 1. Pa. khambha -- m. ʻ prop ʼ; Pk. khaṁbha -- m. ʻ post, pillar ʼ; Pr. iškyöp, üšköb ʻ bridge ʼ NTS xv 251; L. (Ju.) khabbā m., mult. khambbā m. ʻ stake forming fulcrum for oar ʼ; P. khambh, khambhā, khammhā m. ʻ wooden prop, post ʼ; WPah.bhal. kham m. ʻ a part of the yoke of a plough ʼ, (Joshi) khāmbā m. ʻ beam, pier ʼ; Ku. khāmo ʻ a support ʼ, gng. khām ʻ pillar (of wood or bricks) ʼ; N. khã̄bo ʻ pillar, post ʼ, B. khām, khāmbā; Or. khamba ʻ post, stake ʼ; Bi. khāmā ʻ post of brick -- crushing machine ʼ, khāmhī ʻ support of betel -- cage roof ʼ, khamhiyā ʻ wooden pillar supporting roof ʼ; Mth. khāmh, khāmhī ʻ pillar, post ʼ, khamhā ʻ rudder -- post ʼ; Bhoj. khambhā ʻ pillar ʼ, khambhiyā ʻ prop ʼ; OAw. khāṁbhe m. pl. ʻ pillars ʼ, lakh. khambhā; H. khām m. ʻ post, pillar, mast ʼ, khambh f. ʻ pillar, pole ʼ; G. khāmm. ʻ pillar ʼ, khã̄bhi, °bi f. ʻ post ʼ, M. khã̄b m., Ko. khāmbho, °bo, Si. kap (< *kab); -- X gambhīra -- , sthāṇú -- , sthūˊṇā -- qq.v. 2. K. khambürü f. ʻ hollow left in a heap of grain when some is removed ʼ; Or. khamā ʻ long pit, hole in the earth ʼ, khamiā ʻ small hole ʼ; Marw. khã̄baṛo ʻ hole ʼ; G.khã̄bhũ n. ʻ pit for sweepings and manure ʼ. *skambhaghara -- , *skambhākara -- , *skambhāgāra -- , *skambhadaṇḍa -- ; *dvāraskambha -- . Addenda: skambhá -- 1: Garh. khambu ʻ pillar ʼ.(CDIAL 13639) Hieroglyph: daürā 'rope' Rebus: dhāvḍā 'smelter' Hieroglyph: daũ̈rā, daürā ʻ rope ʼ(Oriya): dāˊman1 ʻ rope ʼ RV. 2. *dāmana -- , dāmanī -- f. ʻ long rope to which calves are tethered ʼ Hariv. 3. *dāmara -- . [*dāmara -- is der. fr. n/r n. stem. -- √dā2] 1. Pa. dāma -- , inst. °mēna n. ʻ rope, fetter, garland ʼ, Pk. dāma -- n.; Wg. dām ʻ rope, thread, bandage ʼ; Tir. dām ʻ rope ʼ; Paš.lauṛ. dām ʻ thick thread ʼ, gul. dūm ʻ net snare ʼ (IIFL iii 3, 54 ← Ind. or Pers.); Shum. dām ʻ rope ʼ; Sh.gil. (Lor.) dōmo ʻ twine, short bit of goat's hair cord ʼ, gur. dōm m. ʻ thread ʼ (→ Ḍ. dōṅ ʻ thread ʼ); K. gu -- dômu m. ʻ cow's tethering rope ʼ; P. dã̄u, dāvã̄ m. ʻ hobble for a horse ʼ; WPah.bhad. daũ n. ʻ rope to tie cattle ʼ, bhal. daõ m., jaun. dã̄w; A. dāmā ʻ peg to tie a buffalo -- calf to ʼ; B. dām, dāmā ʻ cord ʼ; Or. duã̄ ʻ tether ʼ, dāĩ ʻ long tether to which many beasts are tied ʼ; H. dām m.f. ʻ rope, string, fetter ʼ, dāmā m. ʻ id.,garland ʼ; G. dām n. ʻ tether ʼ, M. dāvẽ n.; Si. dama ʻ chain, rope ʼ, (SigGr) dam ʻ garland ʼ. -- Ext. in Paš.dar. damaṭāˊ, °ṭīˊ, nir. weg. damaṭék ʻ rope ʼ, Shum.ḍamaṭik, Woṭ. damṓṛ m., Sv. dåmoṛīˊ; -- with -- ll -- : N. dāmlo ʻ tether for cow ʼ, dã̄wali, dāũli, dāmli ʻ bird -- trap of string ʼ, dã̄wal, dāmal ʻ coeval ʼ (< ʻ tied together ʼ?); M. dã̄vlī f. ʻ small tie -- rope ʼ. 2. Pk. dāvaṇa -- n., dāmaṇī -- f. ʻ tethering rope ʼ; S. ḍ̠āvaṇu, ḍ̠āṇu m. ʻ forefeet shackles ʼ, ḍ̠āviṇī, ḍ̠āṇī f. ʻ guard to support nose -- ring ʼ; L. ḍã̄vaṇ m., ḍã̄vaṇī, ḍāuṇī(Ju. ḍ̠ -- ) f. ʻ hobble ʼ, dāuṇī f. ʻ strip at foot of bed, triple cord of silk worn by women on head ʼ, awāṇ. dāvuṇ ʻ picket rope ʼ; P. dāuṇ, dauṇ, ludh. daun f. m. ʻ string for bedstead, hobble for horse ʼ, dāuṇī f. ʻ gold ornament worn on woman's forehead ʼ; Ku. dauṇo m., °ṇī f. ʻ peg for tying cattle to ʼ, gng. dɔ̃ṛ ʻ place for keeping cattle, bedding for cattle ʼ; A. dan ʻ long cord on which a net or screen is stretched, thong ʼ, danā ʻ bridle ʼ; B. dāmni ʻ rope ʼ; Or. daaṇa ʻ string at the fringe of a casting net on which pebbles are strung ʼ, dāuṇi ʻ rope for tying bullocks together when threshing ʼ; H. dāwan m. ʻ girdle ʼ, dāwanī f. ʻ rope ʼ, dã̄wanī f. ʻ a woman's orna<-> ment ʼ; G. dāmaṇ, ḍā° n. ʻ tether, hobble ʼ, dāmṇũ n. ʻ thin rope, string ʼ, dāmṇī f. ʻ rope, woman's head -- ornament ʼ; M. dāvaṇ f. ʻ picket -- rope ʼ. -- Words denoting the act of driving animals to tread out corn are poss. nomina actionis from *dāmayati2.3. L. ḍãvarāvaṇ, (Ju.) ḍ̠ã̄v° ʻ to hobble ʼ; A. dāmri ʻ long rope for tying several buffalo -- calves together ʼ, Or. daũ̈rā, daürā ʻ rope ʼ; Bi. daũrī ʻ rope to which threshing bullocks are tied, the act of treading out the grain ʼ, Mth. dã̄mar, daũraṛ ʻ rope to which the bullocks are tied ʼ; H. dã̄wrī f. ʻ id., rope, string ʼ, dãwrī f. ʻ the act of driving bullocks round to tread out the corn ʼ. Addenda: dāˊman -- 1. 1. Brj. dã̄u m. ʻ tying ʼ. 3. *dāmara -- : Brj. dã̄wrī f. ʻ rope ʼ.(CDIAL 6283) Rebus: dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ (Marathi) धवड [ dhavaḍa ] m (Or धावड) A class or an individual of it. They are smelters of iron.धावड [ dhāvaḍa ] m A class or an individual of it. They are smelters of iron. धावडी [ dhāvaḍī ] a Relating to the class धावड. Hence 2 Composed of or relating to iron. (Marathi) dhāˊtu n. ʻ substance ʼ RV., m. ʻ element ʼ MBh., ʻ metal, mineral, ore (esp. of a red colour) ʼ Mn., ʻ ashes of the dead ʼ lex., ʻ *strand of rope ʼ (cf.tridhāˊtu -- ʻ threefold ʼ RV., ayugdhātu -- ʻ having an uneven number of strands ʼ KātyŚr.). [√dhā]Pa. dhātu -- m. ʻ element, ashes of the dead, relic ʼ; KharI. dhatu ʻ relic ʼ; Pk. dhāu -- m. ʻ metal, red chalk ʼ; N. dhāu ʻ ore (esp. of copper) ʼ; Or. ḍhāu ʻ red chalk, red ochre ʼ (whence ḍhāuā ʻ reddish ʼ; M. dhāū, dhāv m.f. ʻ a partic. soft red stone ʼ (whence dhā̆vaḍ m. ʻ a caste of iron -- smelters ʼ, dhāvḍī ʻ composed of or relating to iron ʼ); -- Si. dā ʻ relic ʼ; -- S. dhāī f. ʻ wisp of fibres added from time to time to a rope that is being twisted ʼ, L. dhāī˜ f. (CDIAL 6773) Srivatsa with kanka, 'eyes' (Kui). Begram ivories. Plate 389 Reference: Hackin, 1954, fig.195, no catalog N°. According to an inscription on the southern gate of Sanchi stupa, it has been carved by ivory carvers of Vidisha.Southern Gateway panel information:West pillar Front East Face has an inscription. Vedisakehi dantakarehi rupa-kammam katam - On the border of this panel – Epigraphia Indica vol II – written in Brahmi, language is Pali – the carving of this sculpture is done by the ivory carvers of Vedisa (Vidisha). http://puratattva.in/2012/03/21/sanchi-buddham-dhammam-sangahm-5-1484 Ta. kaṇ eye, aperture, orifice, star of a peacock's tail. Ma. kaṇ, kaṇṇu eye, nipple, star in peacock's tail, bud. Ko. kaṇ eye. To. koṇ eye, loop in string. Ka. kaṇ eye, small hole, orifice. Koḍ. kaṇṇï id. Pe. kaṇga (pl. -ŋ, kaṇku) id. Manḍ. kan (pl. -ke) id. Kui kanu (pl. kan-ga), (K.) kanu (pl. kaṛka) id. Kuwi (F.) kannū (S.) kannu (pl. kanka), (Su. P. Isr.) kanu (pl. kaṇka) id. (DEDR 1159). śrivatsa symbol [with its hundreds of stylized variants, depicted on Pl. 29 to 32] occurs in Bogazkoi (Central Anatolia) dated ca. 6th to 14th cent. BCE on inscriptions Pl. 33, Nandipāda-Triratna at: Bhimbetka, Sanchi, Sarnath and Mathura] Pl. 27, Svastika symbol: distribution in cultural periods] The association of śrivatsa with ‘fish’ is reinforced by the symbols binding fish in Jaina āyāgapaṭas (snake-hood?) of Mathura (late 1st cent. BCE). śrivatsa symbol seems to have evolved from a stylied glyph showing ‘two fishes’. In the Sanchi stupa, the fish-tails of two fishes are combined to flank the ‘śrivatsa’ glyph. In a Jaina āyāgapaṭa, a fish is ligatured within the śrivatsa glyph, emphasizing the association of the ‘fish’ glyph with śrivatsa glyph. (After Plates in: Savita Sharma, 1990, Early Indian symbols, numismatic evidence, Delhi, Agama Kala Prakashan; cf. Shah, UP., 1975, Aspects of Jain Art and Architecture, p.77) Khandagiri caves (2nd cent. BCE) Cave 3 (Jaina Ananta gumpha). Fire-altar?, śrivatsa, svastika (hieroglyphs) (King Kharavela, a Jaina who ruled Kalinga has an inscription dated 161 BCE) contemporaneous with Bharhut and Sanchi and early Bodhgaya. Tree shown on a tablet from Harappa. [Pl. 39, Savita Sharma, opcit. Tree symbol (often on a platform) on punch-marked coins; a symbol recurring on many tablets showing Sarasvati hieroglyphs]. Kushana period, 1st century C.E.From Mathura Red Sandstone 89x92cm books.google.com/books?id=evtIAQAAIAAJ&q=In+the+image... Ayagapatta, Kankali Tila, Mathura.

This is an addendum to: https://tinyurl.com/yca5pdcu Arsh gallery, auctioneer, Islamabad presents unprovenanced Indus Script hieroglyphs, hypertexts, all related to rebus metalwork translations. Three unprovenanced seals kept in the gallery are read as Indus Script inscriptions in Meluhha rebus readings related to wealth accounting ledgers, metalwork catalogues. No automatic alt text available.No automatic alt text available.Image may contain: food Seal 1, 2, 3 I suggest that the following three 'signs' on the three Indus Script seals of Arsh gallery -- labeled as Seals 1,2,3 are orthographic variants of Sign 124 (ASI 1977 Mahadevan concordance). Sign 124 reads rebus as Meluhha hypertext: ḍhālako khāṇḍā 'ingots, metalware'. Seal 1 has the pictograph of a peacock : moraka, 'peacock' rebus: morakkaka (loha) 'calcining metal'. Thus, together with Sign 124, the inscription reads: morakaka 'calcining metal' PLUS ḍhālako khāṇḍā 'ingots, metalware'.Pictorial motifs on Seal 2 signify kundaṇa kō̃da कोँद gold furnace, phaḍa, paṭṭaḍa 'metals manufactory': Pictorial motifs on Seal 2: One-horned young bull with a cobra hood in front and perhaps a lady in a dance-step: phaḍa 'cobrahood', rebus: phaḍa, paṭṭaḍa 'metals manufactory' PLUS meḍ 'dance step' rebus: meḍ 'iron, copper' (Santali.Mu.Ho.Slavic languages). The text message on Seal 2: ḍhālako khāṇḍā 'ingots, metalware'; kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin). Seal 3 shows a man standing beside a woman with dance-step and wearing a head-gear with twigs. The man standing is a dhangar 'blacksmith' PLUS kola 'woman' rebus: kolhe 'smelter' PLUS kūdī 'twig' rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter' The text message is: पोलाद pōlāda, 'crucible steel cake' explained also as mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends (Santali) --पोलाद pōlāda, 'steel' = ukku 'wootz steel' PLUS ḍhālako khāṇḍā 'ingots, metalware'. Sign 124 This sign is a hypertext composed of a slanted stroke ligaturred with a slanted notch. खांडा [ khāṇḍā ] m A jag, notch, or indentation (as upon the edge of a tool or weapon). (Marathi) Rebus: khāṇḍā 'tools, pots and pans, metal-ware'. Hieroglyph: dhāḷ 'a slope'; 'inclination' ḍhāla n. ʻ shield ʼ lex. 2. *ḍhāllā -- .1. Tir. (Leech) "dàl" ʻ shield ʼ, Bshk. ḍāl, Ku. ḍhāl, gng. ḍhāw, N. A. B. ḍhāl, Or. ḍhāḷa, Mth. H. ḍhāl m.2. Sh. ḍal (pl. °le̯) f., K. ḍāl f., S. ḍhāla, L. ḍhāl (pl. °lã) f., P. ḍhāl f., G. M. ḍhāl f.Addenda: ḍhāla -- . 2. *ḍhāllā -- : WPah.kṭg. (kc.) ḍhāˋl f. (obl. -- a) ʻ shield ʼ (a word used in salutation), J. ḍhāl f.(CDIAL 5583). ḍhālako a large metal ingot. Sign 293 kuṭila 'bent' CDIAL 3230 kuṭi— in cmpd. 'curve', kuṭika— 'bent' MBh. Rebus: kuṭila, katthīl = bronze (8 parts copper and 2 parts tin) Sign 373 I submit that these oval spots signify पोलाद pōlāda, 'crucible steel cake' explained also as mūhā mẽṛhẽt = iron smelted by the Kolhes and formed into an equilateral lump a little pointed at each of four ends (Santali) --पोलाद pōlāda, 'steel' = ukku 'wootz steel' Image result for zebu ingot shape bharatkalyan97 Slide 33. Early Harappan zebu figurine with incised spots from Harappa. Some of the Early Harappan zebu figurines were decorated. One example has incised oval spots. It is also stained a deep red, an extreme example of the types of stains often found on figurines that are usually found in trash and waste deposits. Approximate dimensions (W x H(L) x D): 1.8 x 4.6 x 3.5 cm. (Photograph by Richard H. Meadow) http://www.harappa.com/figurines/33.html The oval spots are shaped like the copper ingots shown on this photograh of Maysar, c. 2200 BCE: Maysar c.2200 BCE Packed copper ingots INGOTSRelated imageCrucible steel button. Steel smelted from iron sand in a graphite crucible.https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Crucible_steel_button.jpg See: Indus Script hypertext पोळ pōḷa, 'zebu, bos indicus' signifies pōḷa ‘magnetite, ferrous-ferric oxide Fe3O4', पोलाद pōlāda, 'crucible steel cake' https://tinyurl.com/y9so6ubv kod. 'one horn'; kot.iyum [kot., kot.i_ neck] a wooden circle put round the neck of an animal (G.)kamarasa_la = waist-zone, waist-band, belt (Te.)kot.iyum [kot., kot.i_ neck] a wooden circle put round the neck of an animal (G.) [cf. the orthography of rings on the neck of one-horned young bull]. Te. kōḍiya, kōḍe young bull; adj. male (e.g. kōḍe dūḍa bull calf), young, youthful; kōḍekã̄ḍu a young man. Kol. (Haig) kōḍē bull. Nk. khoṛe male calf. Konḍa kōḍi cow; kōṛe young bullock. Pe. kōḍi cow. Manḍ.kūḍi id. Kui kōḍi id., ox. Kuwi (F.) kōdi cow; (S.) kajja kōḍi bull; (Su. P.) kōḍi cow.(DEDR 2199). Ka. gōnde bull, ox. Te. gōda ox. Kol. (SR.) kondā bull; (Kin.) kōnda bullock. Nk (Ch.) kōnda id. Pa. kōnda bison. Ga. (Oll.) kōnde cow; (S.) kōndē bullock. Go. (Tr.) kōnḍā, (other dialects) kōnda bullock, ox (DEDR 2216). खोंड khōṇḍa m A young bull, a bullcalf. kōnda bullock (Kol.Nk.); bison (Pa.)(DEDR 2216). Te. kōḍiya, kōḍe young bull; adj. male (e.g. kōḍe dūḍa bull calf), young, youthful; kōḍekã̄ḍu a young man. Kol. (Haig) kōḍē bull. kōnde cow; (S.) kōndē bullock. Go. (Tr.) kōnḍā, (other dialects) kōnda bullock, ox (DEDR 2216). खोंड khōṇḍa m A young bull, a bullcalf. kōnda bullock (Kol.Nk.); bison (Pa.)(DEDR 2216). Te. kōḍiya, kōḍe young bull; adj. male (e.g. kōḍe dūḍa bull calf), young, youthful; kōḍekã̄ḍu a young man. Kol. (Haig) kōḍē bull. Rebus: kod. = place where artisans work (Gujarati) kod. = a cow-pen; a cattlepen; a byre (G.lex.) gor.a = a cow-shed; a cattleshed; gor.a orak = byre (Santali.lex.) कोंड [ kōṇḍa ] A circular hedge or field-fence. 2 A circle described around a person under adjuration. 3 The circle at marbles. 4 A circular hamlet; a division of a मौजा or village, composed generally of the huts of one caste.कोंडडाव (p. 180) [ kōṇḍaḍāva ] m Ring taw; that form of marble-playing in which lines are drawn and divisions made:--as disting. from अगळडाव The play with holes.कोंडवाड [ kōṇḍavāḍa ] n f C (कोंडणें & वाडा) A pen or fold for cattle.कोंडाळें (p. 180) [ kōṇḍāḷēṃ] n (कुंडली S) A ring or circularly inclosed space. 2 fig. A circle made by persons sitting round. कोंडण kōṇḍaṇa, 'cattlepen' kundaṇa 'goldsmith guild'.since the Marathi word has the meaning: कोंडण kōṇḍaṇa f A fold or pen. Rebus: kunda1 m. ʻ a turner's lathe ʼ lex. [Cf. *cunda -- 1] N. kũdnu ʻ to shape smoothly, smoothe, carve, hew ʼ, kũduwā ʻ smoothly shaped ʼ; A. kund ʻ lathe ʼ, kundiba ʻ to turn and smooth in a lathe ʼ, kundowā ʻsmoothed and rounded ʼ; B. kũd ʻ lathe ʼ, kũdā, kõdā ʻ to turn in a lathe ʼ; Or. kū˘nda ʻ latheʼ, kũdibā, kū̃d° ʻ to turn ʼ (→ Drav. Kur. kū̃d ʻ lathe ʼ); Bi.kund ʻ brassfounder's lathe ʼ; H. kunnā ʻ to shape on a lathe ʼ, kuniyā m. ʻ turner ʼ, kunwā m. (CDIAL 3295). kundakara m. ʻ turner ʼ W. [Cf. *cundakāra -- : kunda -- 1, kará -- 1] A. kundār, B. kũdār, °ri, Or. kundāru; H. kũderā m. ʻ one who works a lathe, one who scrapes ʼ, °rī f., kũdernā ʻ to scrape, plane, round on a lathe ʼ.(CDIAL 3297). Ta. kuntaṉam interspace for setting gems in a jewel; fine gold (< Te.). Ka. kundaṇa setting a precious stone in fine gold; fine gold; kundana fine gold.Tu. kundaṇa pure gold. Te. kundanamu fine gold used in very thin foils in setting precious stones; setting precious stones with fine gold. (DEDR 1725). kō̃da कोँद । कुलालादिकन्दुः f. a kiln; a potter's kiln (Rām. 1446; H. xi, 11); a brick-kiln (Śiv. 133); a lime-kiln. -bal -बल् ।कुलालादिकन्दुस्थानम् m. the place where a kiln is erected, a brick or potter's kiln (Gr.Gr. 165)(Kashmiri)

n by khār 'blacksmith' + khōṇḍa 'bull calf' کار کند kār-kund 'Adroit, clever, experienced; A director, a manager' کار کنده kār-kunda shown on Harappa h179 tablet. His head-dress is kūdī 'bunch of twigs' (Sanskrit) which signifies Rebus: kuṭhi 'smelter furnace' (Santali) कूदी f. a bunch of twigs , bunch (v.l. कूट्/ई) AV. v , 19 , 12 Kaus3.accord. to Kaus3., Sch. = बदरी, "Christ's thorn".(Monier-Williams)The bunch of twigs = ku_di_, ku_t.i_ (Skt.lex.) ku_di_ (also written as ku_t.i_ in manuscripts) occurs in the Atharvaveda (AV 5.19.12) and Kaus’ika Su_tra (Bloomsfield’s ed.n, xliv. cf. Bloomsfield, American Journal of Philology, 11, 355; 12,416; Roth, Festgruss an Bohtlingk,98) denotes it as a twig. This is identified as that of Badari_, the jujube tied to the body of the dead to efface their traces. (See Vedic Index, I, p. 177).[Note the twig adoring the head-dress of a horned, standing person]. This monograph demonstrates that the 'unicorn' or 'one-horned young bull' is also a pun on the word śṛṅgin 'horned' rebus: śr̥ngī 'gold used for onaments'. Thus, کار کند kār-kund 'Adroit, clever, experienced; A director, a manager' signified by the 'unicorn' uses special type of gold for ornaments. śṛṅgin शृङ्गिन् Ficus infectoria rebus: śr̥ngī 'gold used for onaments' PLUS کار کند kār-kund 'Adroit, clever, experienced; A director, a manager' PLUS dhatu 'scarf' rebus: dhatu 'mineral ores' PLUS bāhula बाहुल 'Pleiades' rebus: bāhuḷa ʻarmour for the arms'; बगला bagalā m An Arab boat of a particular description (Marathi). I submit that the one-horned young bull or 'unicorn' signifies the plain text: Director, manager (who is also) a lapidary, blacksmith, scribe and who) uses gold for ornaments. The pragmatics of the use of gold for ornaments is reinforced by the one crumpled, curiously S-curved, twisted horn of the young bull; this horn signifies śṛṅgin 'horned' rebus: śr̥ngī 'gold used for onaments'. Thus the artisan is an adroit blacksmith, goldsmith and lapidary who works with kunda 'lathe' rebus: kunda 'a treasure of Kubera'. 1. Most frequent Indus Script expression signifies, 'wealth-accounting ledger of blacksmith,scribe'; 2. most frequent hypertext 'unicorn' signifies the blacksmith's professional title: کار کنده kār-kunda, 'manager scribe'. Ficus infectoria Singa2 the young of an animal, calf J v.92; cp. Deśīnāma- mālā viii.31.(Pali) The horn of the one-horned young bull is signified by the word: ښکر ś̱ẖʿkar or ḵ́ẖʿkar, s.m. (5th) The horn of an animal, an antler, a powder horn. Pl. ښکر ś̱ẖʿkœr or ḵ́ẖʿkœr. ښکرور ś̱ẖʿkœrawar or ḵ́ẖʿkœrawar, adj. Horned, having horns, as a goat, cow, etcښکرḵ́ẖʿkœrawaraʿh.په ښکر وهل pah ś̱ẖʿkœr or pah ḵ́ẖʿkœr wahal, verb trans. To strike with the horns, to gore. (Pashto). The 'unicorn' is a composite animal of 'horn' PLUS 'young bull'. Thus, the words which combine to form the hypertext expression are: کر ś̱ẖʿkar or ḵ́ẖʿkar, 'horn' PLUS खोंड [ khōṇḍa ] m A young bull, a bullcalf. The rebus readings to yield the plain text expression in Meluhha are: ḵ́ẖʿkar 'horn' PLUS khōṇḍa 'young bull' Rebus: khār खार् 'blacksmith' PLUS कोंद kōnda. 'engraver, lapidary setting or infixing gems'; kō̃da कोँद 'kiln, furnace for smelting'; kunda 'a treasure of Kubera'; Ka. kundaṇa setting a precious stone in fine gold; fine gold; kundana fine gold.Tu. kundaṇa pure gold. Te. kundanamu fine gold used in very thin foils in setting precious stones; setting precious stones with fine gold. The semantic expansion in Pashto elaborates the semantics and pragmatics of the expession کار کند kār-kund (corrup. of P کار کن) adj. Adroit, clever, experienced. 2. A director, a manager; (Fem.) کار کنده kār-kundaʿh. (Pashto) P کار kār, s.m. (2nd) Business, action, affair, work, labor, profession, operation. Pl. کارونه kārūnah. (E.) کار آرموده .چار kār āzmūdah. adj. Experienced, practised, veteran. کار و بار kār-o-bār, s.m. (2nd) Business, affair. Pl. کار و بارونه kār-o-bārūnah. کار خانه kār- ḵẖānaʿh, s.f. (3rd) A manufactory, a dock- yard, an arsenal, a workshop. Pl. يْ ey. کاردیده kār-dīdah, adj. Experienced, tried, veteran. کار روائي kār-rawā-ī, s.f. (3rd) Carrying on a business, management, performance. Pl. ئِي aʿī. کار زار kār-zār, s.m. (2nd) Battle, conflict. Pl. کار زارونه kār-zārūnah. کار ساز kār-sāz, adj. Adroit, clever; (Fem.) کار سازه kār-sāzaʿh. کار ساري kār-sāzī, s.f. (3rd) Cleverness, adroitness. Pl. ئِي aʿī. کار کند kār-kund (corrup. of P کار کن) adj. Adroit, clever, experienced. 2. A director, a manager; (Fem.) کار کنده kār-kundaʿh. کار کول kār kawul, verb trans. To work, to labor, to trade. په کار راتلل pah kār rā-tʿlal or راغلل rāg̠ẖ-lal, verb intrans. To be fit, to come into use, to be of use, to be proper or useful. په کار راوړل pah kār rā-wʿṟṟal, verb trans. To bring to use, to make use of, to expend. په کار دي pah kār daey, It is useful. په کار نه دي pah kār nah daey, It is useless. P کارستان kār-istān, s.m. (2nd) A place of work, a manufactory, an arsenal. Pl. کارستانونه kār-istānūnah.(Pashto) کار کنده kār-kunda 'manager, director, adroit, clever, experienced' (Pashto) This Pashto expression finds mention on two distinct categories of Indus Script Corpora: 2.The most frequent expression of Indus Script Corpora is a text composed of three signs: This expression occurs on h1997A tablet. From r. to l.: 1. Hieroglyph: khāra 2 खार 'backbone, spine' rebus: khār खार् । 'blacksmith' 2. Hieroglyph: karṇīka, kanka 'rim of jar' rebus: kaṇḍa kanka 'smelting furnace account (scribe), karṇī, supercargo' 3. khareḍo 'a currycomb (Gujarati) Rebus: karaḍā खरडें 'daybook, wealth-accounting ledger'. Rebus: kharādī ' turner' (Gujarati) Thus, together, the message reads: khār karṇī karaḍā 'blacksmith, scribe, daybook' or 'wealth-accounting ledger of blacksmith,scribe'. 1. On the hypertext signified by the 'one-horned young bull'. It has been noted that the 'unicorn' is an Indus Script hypertext signifying kunda-kara karaṇī. This has to be modified to signify کار کنده kār-kunda karaṇī'manager goldsmith,smelter blacksmith,lapidary, supercargo,scribe (cf. the monograph at https://tinyurl.com/y5wneaqr) shrang श्रंग् । शृङ्गम्, प्रधानभूतः m. a horn; the top, peak, summit of a mountain; the head man or leading person in a village or the like.(Kashmiri) शृङ्गकः कम् śṛṅgakḥ kam शृङ्गकः कम् 1 A horn. -2 A horn of the moon. -3 Any pointed thing. -4 A syringe; Ratn.1. (Apte) sing सिंग् । वाद्यविशेषः m. a horn; a horn (the musical instrument).(Kashmiri) शृङ्गिन् śṛṅgin शृङ्गिन् a. (-णी f.) [शृङ्गमस्त्यस्य इनि] 1 Horned. -2 Crested, peaked. -m. 1 A mountain. -2 An elephant. -3 A ram. -4 A tree. -5 N. of Śiva. -6 N. of one of Śiva's attendants; शृङ्गी भृङ्गी रिटिस्तुण्डी Ak. -7 A bull; शङ्ग्यग्निदंष्ट्र्यसिजलद्विजकण्टकेभ्यः Bhāg.1.8.25. (Apte) śr̥ṅgín ʻ horned ʼ RV. [śŕ̊ṅga -- ]Pa. siṅgin -- , siṅgika -- ʻ horned ʼ, Pk. siṁgi -- , N. siṅe, G. sĩgī; -- ext. -- l -- : Pa. siṅgila -- m. ʻ a kind of horned bird ʼ; S. siṅiru ʻ horned ʼ.Addenda: śr̥ṅgín -- : OMarw. (Vīsaḷa) sīṁgī f.adj. ʻ horned (of cow) ʼ. (CDIAL 12595) Singa1 (nt.) [Vedic śṛnga, cp. Gr. ka/rnon, kraggw/n; Lat. cornu=E. horn] a horn J i.57, 149, 194; iv.173 (of a cow); Vism 106; VvhA 476.-- dhanu horn -- bow DhA i.216. -- dhamaka blowing a horn Miln 31.Singika (adj.) [fr. singa1] having horns J vi.354 (āvelita -- ˚ having twisted horns). Singin (adj.) [Vedic śṛngin] having a horn Vin ii.300; J iv.173 (=cow); clever, sharp -- witted, false Th 1, 959; A ii.26; It 112; cp. J.P.T.S. 1885, 53. (Pali) śŕ̊ṅga n. ʻ horn ʼ RV. [See *śrū -- , *śruṅka -- ]Pa. siṅga -- n., Pk. siṁga -- , saṁga -- n.; Gy. eur. šing m. (hung. f.), ʻ horn ʼ, pal. šíngi ʻ locust -- tree ʼ (so -- called from the shape of its pods: with š -- < ṣ -- < śr -- ); Ash. Kt. ṣĭ̄ṅ ʻ horn ʼ, Wg. ṣīṅ, ṣŕiṅ, Dm. ṣiṅ, Paš.lauṛ. ṣāṅg (or < śārṅga -- ), kuṛ. dar. ṣīṅ, nir. ṣēṅ, Shum. ṣīṅ, Woṭ. šiṅ m., Gaw. Kal.rumb. ṣiṅ, Bshk. ṣīṅ, Phal. ṣiṅ, pl. ṣíṅga; Sh.gil. ṣĭṅ m. ʻ horn ʼ, jij. ṣiṅ, pales. c̣riṅga ʻ temples ʼ (← Kaf. AO xviii 229); K. hĕng m. ʻ horn ʼ, S. siṅu m., L. siṅg m., awāṇ. sìṅg, P. siṅg m., WPah.bhad.bhal.khaś. śiṅg n., (Joshi) śī˜g m., Ku. sīṅ, N. siṅ, A. xiṅ, B. siṅ, Or. siṅga, Bhoj. sī˜gi, Aw.lakh. H. sī˜g m., G. sĩg n., M. śī˜g n., Ko. śī˜ṅga, Si. han̆ga, an̆ga, pl. aṅ (sin̆gu ← Pa.).śārṅga -- , śr̥ṅgín -- , śr̥ṅgī -- ; *śr̥ṅgadrōṇa -- , *śr̥ṅgapaṭṭa -- , *śr̥ṅgamāta -- , *śr̥ṅgayukta -- , *śr̥ṅgāsana -- ; *ut -- śr̥ṅga -- ; karkaṭaśr̥ṅgī -- , cátuḥśr̥ṅga -- , mēḍhraśr̥ṅgī -- ; -- śr̥ṅgāra -- ?Addenda: śr̥ṅga -- : WPah.kṭg. (kc.) śīˊṅg m. ʻ horn ʼ, J. śīṅg m., Garh. 'siṅg.(CDIAL 12583)