Priorities and Restrictions in Translation

Jeremy Munday has over many years made signifi cant contributions to translation theory, methodology and training. His Evaluation in Translation addresses yet another key concept of translational theory and practice, illuminating its pervasiveness across registers and genres.' 'This book successfully bridges the gap between the cultural, social and political concerns of recent Translation Studies and the actual interventions made by translators at critical points in texts. A highly impressive piece of scholarship, offering a new paradigm for Translation Studies research.'

International Journal of English Linguistics, 2016

Epistemologies of translation are a complicated subject that is beyond the scope of this article. As such, only the critical points have been addressed in this paper. One key epistemological issue is the analysis of discourse in any science. In this article, four scenarios of translation studies have been discussed. An underlying concept in translation studies is the issue of fidelity in translation. In this paper, the trajectory of this concept is analyzed in brief. It is followed by a reflection on two fundamental concepts of source oriented (Sources) and target oriented translation approaches, as they occupy a particular position in the translation. The last section of the article investigates dichotomies in the field of translation studies, including the theory of the action, the untranslatability versus translatability, art versus science, and etc. In this paper, we try to study theoretical principles of translatology. So we consider four important speeches of Jean Rene Ladmiral: Prescriptive translatology, Descriptive translatology, Productive translatology, scientific translatology and then we consider faithfulness in translation. Ladmiral suggests two concepts for fidelity in translation: The source oriented (sources) and target oriented. These two concepts are the fundamental concepts in translatology. In the next step the translation science is investigated in various languages such as English, German and at last in French. Finally, we take a look at binary concepts: Theory vs. action, Translatability vs. untranslatability, Art vs. Science. This paper is in epistemology scope of translation and does not have pedagogical aspect, in other words, it is a function-oriented translation.

Translation between English and Arabic

This chapter briefly explains the stages of translation theory: the linguistic stage, the communicative stage, the functionalist stage and the ethical/aesthetic stage. It also presents the notion of equivalence in translation theories, with reference to the most prominent theories in translation, supported by examples. The chapter covers the following topics: Stages of translation theories

Confluências. Revista de Tradução Científica e …, 2006

The article explores the relationship between functionalism, loyalty and fidelity in specialized translation. In a first step, it discusses the basic principles of functionalism in translation, the first of which (the translation purpose determines the translation method) gives rise to a debate on the ethical aspects of functionalism. To make the functionality concept applicable to translator training and translation practice, the author has introduced the complementary principle of loyalty, which, unlike faithfulness, or fidelity, refers to a trustful and fair relationship between the persons interacting in a translation process. In the process of loyally producing a functional translation, the translator may rely on intertextual relationships between the texts in both the source and the target culture. Resumo: O artigo aborda a relação entre a funcionalidade, a lealdade e a fidelidade no âmbito da tradução especializada. Numa primeira fase, analisa os princípios básicos do funcionalismo aplicado à tradução e o debate ético que é levantado pelo seu primeiro princípio, segundo o 1 The author held a chair for translation studies and specialized communication at the University of Applied Sciences of Magdeburg-Stendal (Germany), from which she retired in 2005. She is a research fellow of the University of the Orange Free State (UOFS), Bloemfontein (South Africa).

Exploring Translation Theories (third edition), 2023

Exploring Translation Theories presents a comprehensive analysis of the core contemporary paradigms of Western translation theory. This engaging overview covers the key theories of equivalence, solution types, purposes, scientific approaches, uncertainty, automation, and cultural translation. Fully revised, this third edition adds coverage of Russian and Ukrainian theories, examples from Chinese, advances in machine translation, and research on translators' cognitive processes. Readers are encouraged to explore the various theories and consider their strengths, weaknesses, and implications for translation practice. The book concludes with a survey of the way translation is used as a model in postmodern cultural studies and sociologies, extending its scope beyond traditional Western notions.

Languages in Translation. Lectures on the Theory, Teaching and Practice of Translation. With Illustrations in English, French, German, Russian and Hungarian. Budapest: Scholastica. 2003. 473 pp. ISBN 963 206839 4 , 2003

Languages in Translation is based on my lectures on the theory, practice and teaching of translation delivered over the last twenty years at the Interpreter and Translator Training Centre of Eötvös Loránd University in Budapest and at the University of Miskolc. The approach I developed in this book is novel in the field of translation-specific comparison of languages in three respects: (1) it is a multilingual comparison, involving five languages, (2) it has a dynamic character, and (3) the emphasis is on the operational aspects of the translator’s activity. The procedure I followed started with data collection: I amassed a large body of multilingual translational data, and then analysed it to discover the rules, regularities and principles governing the seemingly subjective decisions of translators by describing, classifying and explaining the transfer operations behind them.

Academia Letters, 2021

Each translation activity has one or more special purposes, and whatever it may be, the main object of translation among people to understand each other is being a tool for transferring information from one language to a different one. The translation is the process of converting information from a language to another: the goal is to comprehend accurately the verbal and grammatical characteristics of the "original language" and transfer them into the "target language". At the same time, all real information must be preserved in the original language translation. In the past few decades, this activity has developed due to the expansion of international trade, the increase of immigration, globalization, the realization of linguistic limitations, and the expansion of mass media and technology. For this reason, the translator has assumed an important role as a bilingual or multilingual transmitter and as a transmitter of culture and facts through his attempt to interpret ideas and discourse in various texts with the utmost honesty and accuracy. If translation is an interwoven process of communication between language and thought, then we must consider it an art or a skill, hence its difficulty. Being a translator is a hard job, sometimes putting him\her in a desperate situation, but it is also a rich and necessary work that requires honesty and moderation. Translators and translation students cannot avoid the problems they encounter in translation. According to Nord (1991), the translation problem is "an objective problem that the translator must solve during a particular translation task." There are different types of translation problems; in short, there may be pragmatic, meta

Quaderns: revista de traducció, 2007

The first part of the article touches upon metatheoretical constraints to translator's qualities research represented by the «methodological infancy» of Translation Studies (TS), the role that professional self-esteem of translators plays in TS research, and the lack of importance attributed to a pure science of translation. The main part is devoted to the concept of «translator's competence» under which the qualities of translators have been typically addressed. I will discuss some problems with the notion of competence as underlying knowledge. Then, I will introduce a point of view adapted from Keen (1988): if understood as aptitude, competence is the result of performance in the translator's history, not its cause. This could be appropriate to overcome a speculative tradition of translator's qualities research.

This study aims to observe the development of translation studies through three concepts of descriptive translation studies; product-based, process-based, and functionalbased translation studies. The readers are introduced to some famous translation scholars including their view of translation studies. At the further discussions, this study lets the readers to acknowledge the main issues on translation studies, focusing on the debate of equivalence versus variations in intertextual texts analysis. Some tendencies of variations, such as different grammar and sentence structure, diglossia leakage, and pragmatic consideration are also presented to present to what extent variations occur during investigation processes. Therefore, regarding those tendencies, this study is closed by the description of Matthiessen's proposals about points of consideration to construct a parameter to measure meaning variations. This study may help those who are interested to conduct translation researches and help them by giving options of which theories is beneficial to their analysis.

Poetics Today, 1981

If we set out to describe a translation or an act of translating, the simple description might seem to require no grand theory. In fact, it could be considered too simple to be taken seriously by scholars. Some of the most significant concepts in European translation theory have nevertheless come from what we shall call a broad " descriptive paradigm, " and this chapter describes the ways that paradigm developed in the twentieth century. This background should help connect translation theory to some of the main anti-humanist currents of the day. It is also intended to correct some common misunderstandings, particularly with respect to the many ways the various schools and centers were interconnected. We place some emphasis on the Russian Formalists, even though they did not produce any major works on translation. This is because the key ideas of the Formalists can be traced through various paths throughout the century, reaching several points at which major translation theories did develop. The first connection is with the work done in Prague, Bratislava and, more loosely connected, Leipzig. The second link is with the " Tel Aviv school " (Even-Zohar, Toury and the development of Descriptive Translation Studies). And the third link is through Holland and Flanders. When literary scholars from those three areas met and discussed their projects at a series of conferences, Translation Studies started to take shape as an academic discipline. That is why the history is important—this particular paradigm does not come from the same roots as the others mentioned in this book. The second half of the chapter describes the main concepts used within descriptive studies: translation shifts, systems and polysystems, " assumed translations, " and a focus on the target side. In the next chapter we look more closely at some of the findings that have come from the general descriptive approach. Special thanks to Itamar Even-Zohar, Gideon Toury, Zuzana Jettmarová, Jana Králová and Christina Schäffner for their help and advice with this chapter. The main points covered in this chapter are:-Descriptive Translation Studies developed from a tradition in which objective scientific methods were applied to cultural products.-Those methods were often applied to translation by literary scholars working in smaller cultures.-Rather than prescribe what a good translation should be like, descriptive approaches try to say what translations are like or could be like.