POVERTY MAJOR PROBLEM IN UNDER DEVELOPED COUNTRY

India is a developing nation, Although its economy is growing, povery is still a major challenge. However, poverty is on the decline in India. It has around 84 million people living in exteeme poverty which makes up 6% of its total popuilation as of may 2021. However the covid-19 pandemic is expected to drive an addtional people into extreme poverty,. Depending on severity of the economic contraction. Poverty defined as living on less than $1.90 a day, affected between 9.1% and 9.4% of the world population in 2020, according to the bienninal poverty and shared prosperity Report. This would represent a regression to the rate of 9.2% in 2017. Had the pandemic not disrupted the global economy, this rate was expected to drop to 7.9% in 2020. In May 2012, the world Bank reviewed and proosed revisions to their poverty calculation methodology and purchasing power parity basis for measuring poverty worldwise.

IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 2014

India is a country of continental proportions, and poverty is a multidimensional phenomenon. Not surprisingly, the debate over poverty in India-its extent, trends, causes, and cure-is complex and controversial. Fortunately, India also has a much higher quality and more substantial evidence base than most other countries for understanding poverty. Questions of poverty in India have engaged a large community of researchers over the years. But in recent decades, because difficult measurement issues have arisen, a disproportionate amount of attention has been devoted to assessments of the extent of poverty and the rate of poverty decline. Much less is known about how the rapidly changing economic landscape has altered the underlying profile of poverty-and how that affects the consequent search for its causes and cure. Fundamentally, the concept of poverty is associated with socially perceived deprivation with respect to basic human needs. As a result, social perceptions are taken to play a dominant role in ascertaining deprivation although self-perceptions cannot be ignored altogether and aggregated individual preferences may have to be respected in satisfying any given need in most cases as weargue below in the context of consumption poverty. These basic human needs are usually listed in the material dimension as the need to be adequately nourished, the need to be decently clothed, the need to be reasonably sheltered, the need to escape avoidable diseases, the need to be (at least) minimally educated and the need to be mobile for purposes of social interaction and participation in economic activity.

generating opportunities for them.

https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.7_Issue.1_Jan2020/Abstract_IJRR0025.html, 2020

Hegel used to say that “poverty is a social phenomenon’’. Mahatma Gandhi thought that poverty was the worst crime to be committed by any civil society. Poverty in India has two facets, one, social and another socio-economic. Those who are poor socially are generally poor educationally and economically. Poverty in India is mostly counted in absolute terms. According to Damien and Rafi, poverty in India is visible to the naked eye of anyone who tries to understand it. According to them a poor cannot afford even to send his children to the government funded school where primary education provided free of any fees. He also could not afford to get his children treated in a primary health care centre run by the government. Incidence of poverty in India has been highlighted by several economist a few of them consist of Prof. Amartya Sen, and Jeanedreze, Suresh Tendulkar, N.C. Saxena to quote a few. According to them around 25 percent population still live in abject poverty. Even the government of India has conceded that around 20 crore people in India live in a state of abject poverty with no access to portable drinking water, sanitation, and two square meals. Keywords: Poverty, Socio-economic, Government, Population, Social phenomenon

The problem of poverty alleviation is still one of the biggest challenge before the world especially in underdeveloped and developing economies like India. Poverty means the denial of opportunities and choices most basic to human development such as long, healthy and creative life, decent standard of living, and enjoyment of dignity, self esteem and respect in life. Poverty is, therefore, multidimensional concept. The objective of planning in India has been to get rid of the mass poverty and to ensure at least minimum standard of living. Various programmes have been launched over the years by the central and state governments for achieving the objective of poverty alleviation. Despite the implementation of these programmes, the problem of vicious circle of poverty continue to persist in all most all the states in the country. Hence, most of the anti-poverty programmes have been strengthened, redesigned and restructured through special programmes to provide more

Policy Research Working Papers, 2022

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

2014

Growth is not the sole objective of economic policy. It is necessary to ensure that the benefits of growth accrue to all sections of the society. Eradication of poverty is thus an important objective. Human beings need a certain minimum consumption of food and nonfood items to survive. However the perception regarding what constitutes poverty varies over time and across countries. Nevertheless there is need for a measure of poverty. Only then, it will be possible to evaluate how the economy is performing in terms of providing a certain minimum standard of living to all its citizens. Measurement of Poverty has, therefore, important policy implications. A definition of poverty in terms of subsistence level has had wide acceptance as it seems to be in accordance with common sense which describes poverty as lack of the income needed to acquire the minimum necessities of life. Poverty is an extremely complex phenomenon, which manifests itself in a range of overlapping and interwoven economic, political and social deprivations. These include lack of assets, low income levels, hunger, poor health, insecurity, physical and psychological hardship, social exclusion, degradation and discrimination, and political powerlessness and disarticulation. Two basic approaches to the concept of poverty were found in economic literature, namely, absolute poverty and relative poverty. The concept of absolute poverty is based on absolute norms for living (measured in terms of consumption expenditure) laid down according: to specified minimum standard and all such individuals or groups whose consumption expenditure is found to be below this standard are classified as poor. This

International Journal of Advanced Research (IJAR), 2019

Poverty in India is one of the biggest issue we are facing today. Almost every third poor in the world is Indian. This paper gives insight about the poverty, its types, regional disparity, measures for its removal, and the initiatives taken by the government in this regard. Data collected for this paper is from secondary source. This paper elaborates the reason for the poverty in detail and its corrective measures can be taken. Poverty is a vicious cycle, a famous quote which describes this perfectly is ?you are poor because you are poor?. Chronic poverty is the issue we are dealing with from a long period of time. This paper also explains the parameters on which poverty is defined, what should be included and what not, poverty line, state of people below poverty line and measures to bring them above the poverty line, difference between poverty in urban areas and rural areas.

International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Growth Evaluation, 2021

In India the wealth is in the hands of 1 % of the population which constitute the rich people of the society and 90 % of the people live below poverty line and rest are middle class people. From being the richest civilisation today, India is one of the poorest country. India has the second biggest population which is one of the major reason for poverty followed by which we have massive illiterate people in India, India was once the richest country and had the highest GDP because all the people in India were educated and earned a good amount, there was no system of reservation or caste system or gender based discrimination in imparting education to its people, which is dominating the present education system followed by the issue of language, lack of employment and health acre provisions, poor agriculture investment in the country, we have seen a rise in farmer suicide due to poverty, the Human Development Index has remained the same since 2015 and we have seen a decline in GDP after...