PUJZ_Wajid Ali et al (1).pdf

The acute toxicity of an organophosphate insecticide chlorpyrifos, on biochemical parameters of fish Gambusia affinis was evaluated under static condition. The sub lethal concentration of the insecticide chlorpyrifos was found to be 0.284 ppm indicating the high toxicity of the insecticide. Fishes were exposed to 1/10 th of sub lethal (0.0284 ppm) and the alteration of enzyme activity in liver and kidney of fish Gambusia affinis were studied at 15, 30 and 45 days of exposure. A significant increase in LDH activity in both tissue Liver and Kidney and the inhibition of ATPase leads to decreased ATP breakdown and reduced the availability of free energy was observed.

Endocrine modulation in Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.) exposed to 2 alkylphenols, PAHs, produced water and dispersed oil. 3 4 Authors: 5

Pesticides are widely used in agricultural sector in the lower Gangetic delta region to boost up crop production and trigger up the process of pest control. However, many of these pesticides pose adverse impacts on the biotic community by way of bioaccumulation and biomagnification. This study attempts to evaluate the tDDT concentration in the commercially important fish tissues available in the Diamond Harbour region along the Hooghly estuaries. The tDDT concentration varies as per the order Lates calcarifer (52.19 ±2.34 ng g-1 lipid wt.) > Penaeus sp. (45.64 ±2.01 ng g-1 lipid wt.) > Tenualosa ilisha (35.65 ±1.23 ng g-1 lipid wt.) > Pangasius sp. (29.17± 1.62 ng g-1 lipid wt.) > Pampus sp. (23.46 ±1.2 ng g-1 lipid wt.) > Polynemus paradiseus (23.29 ±1.09 ng g-1 lipid wt.). Overall, these concentrations are lower than those usually observed in different parts of the World, apparently as a result of high tidal actions at regular intervals that allow dispersion of the pollutants and subsequently reduces the probability of bioaccumulation.

Deltamethrin is a broad spectrum synthetic pyrethroid pesticide. It is considered less toxic as compared to organo-chlorine and organo-phosphate pesticides. Deltamethrin was selected to study the biochemical and histological alterations in liver of silver carp. The LC50 1.6 µg/L was determined. Fish (n=6) were dividing into 4 groups A (control) B, C and D (experimental). Experimental groups B, C and D were exposed to 25%, 50% and 75% of LC50 respectively for acute exposure. The blood and liver tissue sampling was done after 96hrs for histology and biochemical analysis [alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST)]. Liver histology revealed that necrosis, nuclear pycnosis, hypertrophy of hepatocytes, vacuolization, nuclear atrophy and congestion of blood vessels were observed as compare to control group. This result was also supported by the significant increase in levels of hepatic enzymes AST and ALT in blood plasma of exposed fish as compared to control fish. These results suggested that deltamethrin is highly toxic for aquatic organism like silver carp causing malfunctioning of liver.

The effect of 2-(2-nitrovinyl)furan on the redox status of male rat liver and kidney was evaluated. Twenty male rats were randomized into four groups; group A received olive oil and groups B, C, and D rats received 12.5, 25, and 50 mg/kg bodyweight of 2-(2-nitrovinyl)furan intraperitoneally, daily at 24 h interval, respectively, for 14 days. 2-(2-Nitrovinyl)furan significantly reduced (P < 0.05) alkaline phosphatase, alanine, and aspartate aminotransferase activities in male rat liver and kidney with a corresponding increase in serum. The activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and levels of reduced glutathione/glutathione disulfide (GSSG) ratio in the liver and kidney of 2-(2-nitrovinyl)furan-treated rats decreased significantly (P < 0.05). In contrast, GSSG, protein carbonyl, conjugated dienes, lipid hydroperoxides, malondialdehyde, and fragmented DNA (%) in 2-(2-nitrovinyl)furan-treated rats increased significantly (P < 0.05). Overall, data from this study revealed that 2-(2-nitrovinyl)furan exhibited its toxic effect by suppressing or depleting the antioxidant systems. C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Biochem. Mol. Toxicol. 00:1-9, 2014; View this article online at wileyonlinelibrary.com.

The Journal of Basic & Applied Zoology, 2015

This study aimed to evaluate the median lethal concentration (LC 50), acute (24 and 96 h) and sublethal (35 d) effects of deltamethrin, a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide on hormonal and enzymological responses in an Indian major carp, Labeo rohita. In this study, the LC 50 values of deltamethrin for 24 and 96 h were found to be 0.438 and 0.38 mg L-1 , respectively. During acute (0.438 mg L À1) and sublethal (1/10th of 24 h LC 50 value, 0.0438 mg L À1) studies, plasma cortisol and prolactin levels were significantly increased (p < 0.05). When compared with the control group, a significant (p < 0.05) increase in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity was observed in liver and kidney of fish treated with deltamethrin. However, a significant decrease in the activity of acid phosphatase (ACP) was observed in liver and kidney of deltamethrin exposed fish. In addition, cholinesterase (ChE) activity was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased in the plasma of fish exposed to both acute and sublethal concentrations of deltamethrin. These results suggest that the tested concentrations of deltamethrin could have significant adverse effects on the hormonal and enzymological parameters of fish L. rohita. The alterations of these parameters can be effectively used to monitor the impact of deltamethrin in aquatic ecosystem.

Surfactant p-NP found to affect the survival of snakehead fish, Ophiocephalus punctatus at LC-50. The organic metabolites such as protein, cholesterol and glucose showed significant changes during short term exposure to p-NP. All the organic metabolites in the serum were found increased significantly from the very first day to fourth day of exposure. This increase in the serum organic metabolites may be due to increase in the rate of metabolism in the liver. Increase in glucose indicates induction of glycogenolysis in the liver and increase in the cholesterol and protein could be due to endocrinal disruption.

2014

Different enzymatic activities in carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) as potential biomarkers of exposure to the pesticide methomyl