Strategies for climate change

Effects of Climate Change on Social and Economic Factors, 2025

This study addresses the critical issue of climate change, examining the contributing factors and the resulting problems. Key drivers of climate change, including greenhouse gas emissions, deforestation, and industrial pollution, are analyzed. The study also explores the multifaceted impacts of climate change, such as extreme weather events, rising sea levels, and biodiversity loss. Emphasis is placed on the role of international platforms and agreements at the nation-state level, such as the Paris Agreement, in combating climate change. Additionally, the study highlights effective sub-national initiatives and practices, showcasing local government actions and community-based projects aimed at reducing carbon footprints and enhancing climate resilience. Through comprehensive analysis, this research underscores the importance of coordinated efforts at both global and local levels to mitigate the adverse effects of climate change and promote sustainable development.

Environmental Chemistry Letters

Climate change is defined as the shift in climate patterns mainly caused by greenhouse gas emissions from natural systems and human activities. So far, anthropogenic activities have caused about 1.0 °C of global warming above the pre-industrial level and this is likely to reach 1.5 °C between 2030 and 2052 if the current emission rates persist. In 2018, the world encountered 315 cases of natural disasters which are mainly related to the climate. Approximately 68.5 million people were affected, and economic losses amounted to $131.7 billion, of which storms, floods, wildfires and droughts accounted for approximately 93%. Economic losses attributed to wildfires in 2018 alone are almost equal to the collective losses from wildfires incurred over the past decade, which is quite alarming. Furthermore, food, water, health, ecosystem, human habitat and infrastructure have been identified as the most vulnerable sectors under climate attack. In 2015, the Paris agreement was introduced with t...

Our dear planet is being destroyed by means of climate change, fortunately there are developments and policy proposals that can dynamically combat this effect. With the increase in atmospheric CO2 in the atmosphere scientists are putting forth several ideas and innovations towards mitigating this climate change. These designs include mechanisms of cutting CO2 emission, green/environmental technology and geoengineering__ these can be looked at as the potential saviors from climate change. To each mechanism there are given advantages as each are aimed at reducing the effects of climate change; however, as with all else there are drawbacks to the use of each individually. If these methods should jointly implemented then it would yield superior results.

The Global Climate has been changing and will continue to change at an unprecedented rate in the coming decades which is caused mainly by humaninduced global warming trend. It is believed that the damage of climate change will rise significantly over time and disastrously affect the entire ecosystem. Immediate action on climate change has become crucial to meet global development objectives, including poverty eradication, food and energy security, education and health. Apart from nations, individuals, non-state entities like the corporate sector, NGOs and all communities must contribute to shape India"s response to Climate Change. Based on this observation, this article focuses on certain possible strategic recommendations that should be indigenously implemented by India to control global warming to a considerable extent.

This study analysed climate change trend and the appropriate mitigation and adaptation strategies in Southeast Nigeria. Multistage sampling technique was used to select a sample of 312 cassava based food crop farmers whose responses formed part of the data for this study. Secondary time series data on climate variables were collected from National Root Crop Research Institute Umudike, an agro-metrological station found within the study location. Data were analysed using appropriate descriptive statistical tools like mean, frequencies, percentages and frequency polygon/line graphs. Result showed that temperature and rainfall which are the two most significant climate elements that affect food crop production in Nigeria, exhibited increasing trend. It was found also that adaptation strategies that were more appropriate to farmers in the study area were late commencement of planting, use of fertilizers, choice of cropping systems, breakage of daily work schedule and planting of cover crops among others. It was concluded that the climate system is indeed adversely changing and hence concerted effort/sacrifice should be made by government, individual households and private investors towards supporting environmentally sustainable production activities and capacity building to alleviate the farmers’ adaptation and resilience to climate change. Keywords: Adaptation, Climate Change, Appropriate, Multistage, Mitigation, Temperature Rainfall, and Descriptive.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research

Climate change is a long-lasting change in the weather arrays across tropics to polls. It is a global threat that has embarked on to put stress on various sectors. This study is aimed to conceptually engineer how climate variability is deteriorating the sustainability of diverse sectors worldwide. Specifically, the agricultural sector's vulnerability is a globally concerning scenario, as sufficient production and food supplies are threatened due to irreversible weather fluctuations. In turn, it is challenging the global feeding patterns, particularly in countries with agriculture as an integral part of their economy and total productivity. Climate change has also put the integrity and survival of many species at stake due to shifts in optimum temperature ranges, thereby accelerating biodiversity loss by progressively changing the ecosystem structures. Climate variations increase the likelihood of particular food and waterborne and vector-borne diseases, and a recent example is a coronavirus pandemic. Climate change also accelerates the enigma of antimicrobial resistance, another threat to human health due to the increasing incidence of resistant pathogenic infections. Besides, the global tourism industry is devastated as climate change impacts unfavorable tourism spots. The methodology investigates hypothetical scenarios of climate variability and attempts to describe the quality of evidence to facilitate readers' careful, critical engagement. Secondary data is used to identify sustainability issues such as environmental, social, and economic viability. To better understand the problem, gathered the information in this report from various media outlets, research agencies, policy papers, newspapers, and other sources. This review is a sectorial assessment of climate change mitigation and adaptation approaches worldwide in the aforementioned sectors and the associated economic costs. According to the findings, government involvement is necessary for the country's long-term development through strict accountability of resources and regulations implemented in the past to generate cutting-edge climate policy. Therefore, mitigating the impacts of climate change must be of the utmost importance, and hence, this global threat requires global commitment to address its dreadful implications to ensure global sustenance.

There is enough evidence that climate change is taking place at the local level in Nigeria. Assessment reports of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) shows that Nigeria and all the countries within the Sub-Saharan Africa are highly vulnerable to the impact of climate change.The impact of climate change has no border and it directly affects global sustainable development, livelihood and man's ability to co-exist on earth. This study reviews evidence of the impacts of climate change and identifies the adaptation measures embarked upon in Kaduna State. It evaluates the trend in climate change since 10 years past using secondary data of climate parameters from the meteorological station of the Institute of Agricultural Research, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria. Temperature (0 C), relative humidity (%), rainfall (mm) and open pan evaporation (mm) were the climate elements used in the study. Findings show a wide variation in all the seasons during the decade. Relative humidity was as high as 71.37% in the late dry season of 2003; and as low as 11.5% within the same season in 2009.The highest maximum temperature of 36.59 o C was recorded in the late dry season of 2006 while a minimum temperature of 16.03 o C was recorded during the same season in 2007. Also, rainfall was highest (20.46mm) in 2001 while open pan evaporation was highest (37.04mm)during the early dry season of 2003. Massive tree planting and forest conservation as well as proper waste management by the government were recommended.The study also recommended that intensive efforts on capacity building, efficient and effective awareness campaign and research should be vigorously pursued as measures to combat the effects of climate change.

Man by nature has the inherent trait of insatiability. His priority for accelerated growth and development for fulfilling his luxuries and desires has exploited the nature to its core. Now it is the nature’s turn to bounce back and so there are environmental threats of climate change where the global warming lies at its core reason. Devastating effects of global warming and climate change world over are now a regular phenomenon. Global warming is one of the most discussed and debated issues of the 21st century, concerning the scientific and the humanistic fraternity alike. The repeated scientific discoveries have suggested that the global warming will significantly change our climate in the next century with an average temperature increase of 1.4–5.8°C which in turn will give for a sea-level rise in the order of a metre, significant changes in weather patterns, and more extreme climate events. It is thus a big concern for our global society that needs to address at many levels. The concern for the effects of climate change is not new but has been there since half a century. Yet we still have many unanswered questions, the prominent being as how to deal with it. First, it is to be ensured that the Third World develops as rapidly as possible, while preventing a massive explosion in production of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Second is the question of whether the money we plan to spend on stabilizing global warming, $8 trillion or 2% of the World’s GDP, to protect future generations is better spent on alleviating current global human suffering. The answer lies in addressing the climate change more sincerely and by mitigating the global warming. It is unlikely that global politics will successfully address the menace of climate change in general and global warming in particular. Even the idea of using energy more efficiently seems rather inadequate when there are another five and half billion people in the world aspiring to have the energy use enjoyed by the Western world. So the ultimate solution is for humanity would only be possible in finding out proper alternatives for mitigating the climate change by controlling the CO2 emission and by developing cheap and clean energy production, as all economic development is based on ever-increasing energy usage.

Global climate change, driven largely by the combustion of fossil fuels and by deforestation, is a growing threat to human well-being in developing and industrialized nations alike. Significant harm from climate change is already occurring, and further damages are a certainty. The challenge now is to keep climate change from becoming a catastrophe. There is still a good chance of succeeding in this, and of doing so by means that create economic opportunities that are greater than the costs and that advance rather than impede other societal goals. But seizing this chance requires an immediate and major acceleration of efforts on two fronts: mitigation measures (such as reductions in emissions of greenhouse gases and black soot) to prevent the degree of climate change from becoming unmanageable; and adaptation measures (such as building dikes and adjusting agricultural practices) to reduce the harm from climate change that proves unavoidable. Avoiding the Unmanageable Human activities have changed the climate of the Earth, with significant impacts on ecosystems and human society, and the pace of change is increasing. The global-average surface temperature is now about 0.8°C above its level in 750, with most of the increase having occurred in the 20th century and the most rapid rise occurring since 970. Temperature changes over the continents have been greater than the global average and the changes over the continents at high latitudes have been greater still. The pattern of the observed changes matches closely what climate science predicts from the buildup in the atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2), methane (CH 4), and other greenhouse gases (GHGs), taking into account other known influences on the temperature. The largest of all of the human and natural influences on climate over the past 250 years has been the increase in the atmospheric CO 2 concentration resulting from deforestation and fossil-fuel burning. The CO 2 emissions in recent decades (Figure ES.), which have been responsible for the largest part of this buildup, have come 75% to 85% from fossil fuels (largely in the industrialized countries) and 5% to 25% from deforestation and other land-cover change (largely from developing countries in the tropics). A given temperature change in degrees Celsius (ºC) can be converted into a change in degrees Fahrenheit (ºF) by multiplying by .8. Thus, a change of 0.8ºC corresponds to a change of 0.8 x .8 = .44ºF.