Urdu Studies 2019

Urdu Studies , 2020

Second issue of Urdu Studies, edited and published by Arshad Masood Hashmi for the Department of Urdu, Jai Prakash University, Chapra. This issue includes papers contributed by for Urdu Section: Prof. Satya Pal Anand, Former Professor of English, University of the District of Columbia, Washington DC Prof. Syed Hasan Abbas, Head, Department of Persian, BHU, Varanasi (Former Director, Raza Library, Rampur) Prof. Maula Bakhsh, Department of Urdu, AMU, Aligarh Dr. Sarwarul Hoda, Department of Urdu, JNU, New Delhi Dr. Laila Abdi Khojaste, Urdu Author & Lexicologist, Tehran, Iran Dr. Shazia Razzaq, Department. of Urdu, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore Dr. Shazia Omair, Department of Urdu, Delhi University, Delhi Saqib Faridi, Research Scholar, Department of Urdu, JNU for English Section: Prof. David Lelyveld, Professor of History (Retired), William Paterson University, New Jersey, the United States Prof. Marcia Hermansen, Director, Islamic World Studies; Professor, Theology Department, Loyola University, Chicago Prof. Najeeba Arif, Chairperson, Department of Urdu, International Islamic University, Islamabad Prof. Agnieszka Kuczkiewicz- Fras, Chair for East and South Asia, Institute of the Middle and Far East, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.

Abul Hasan Nadvi; Life; Urdu-Publications, 2004

Abul Hasan Nadvi; Life; Urdu-Publications

From Hindi to Urdu: A Social and Political History (Review article on Tariq Rahman’s book), India Quarterly, 69:2, Sage Publications (Los Angeles, London, New Delhi, Singapore, Washington DC), pp 193-199

Urdu is one of the official languages of Pakistan and like many other languages it has incorporated elements from other languages of the world, ancient and modern alike. In Pakistan it thrives alongside English and the other regional languages. Historically, it is associated with Islam as many Persian and Arabic words are found in it and the Muslims of Pakistan and India have emotional attachment to this language although non-Muslims had immense contribution to its evolution and development. However, this religious association has different connotations according to the politics and the situation of Muslims in each country. In this regard, Urdu language has undergone a series of development during its evolution. The different constitutions of Pakistan addressed Urdu language issues from different perspectives. The purpose of this study is to elaborate and analyze Urdu language genealogical affiliation, history and evolutionary process especially after the emergence of Pakistan.

Madras Courier, 2019

The publication of the first Urdu novel MIRAT-UL-UROOS by Nazir Ahmad, a hundred and fifty years ago gave us a language of reason and reform besides that of love and passion

2017

Persian, Sanskrit, Urdu, English and Kashmiri and thus created a taste for literature. It is noteworthy that Persian, which was the official language of Kashmir for over four centuries, influenced and enlarged Kashmiri vocabulary to a large extent. Persian, however, slowly ceased to be the language of the court and of the elite with the eclipse of the Mughals. Urdu took its place steadily and step by step. The part that Kashmiris played in its development and enrichment has again been historic and all-important. In point of that fact Kashmiris, whether Hindu or Muslims, who migrated to various parts of India from the middle of the seventeenth century onwards and settled down in Punjab, Delhi, Rajasthan, Central India, U.P. and even Eastern India, slowly forgot their mother tongue, Kashmiri and used Urdu as such. They ultimately, came to regard Urdu as their mother-tongue. In Jammu and Kashmir State itself, with the accession of Maharaja Pratap Singh and with the efforts of British Resident C.Plowden Persian the court language was replaced by Urdu. The fact behind this change was that Urdu was used regularly and popularly outside the state. Urdu had already been popular in the rest of India and the educated elite comprised mostly by Kashmiri Pandits grasped it easily and took mastery over it. It would be no exaggeration to say that the very foundations of the Urdu novel and of its fiction were laid by that great genius, Rattn Nath Dhar 'Sarshar'(Title). His classic "Fasanai Azad"(Book) was universally applauded as a great work of art and charted new paths in virgin soil. These included Prem Nath Sadhu 'Pardesi' (Title), and, Prem Nath Dhar who wrote "Kagaz-Ka-Vasudeva"(Book) and many among others. In the field of Urdu prose stalwarts like Tribhuwan Nath 'Hajar'(Title), Shiv Narain 'Shamim'(Title), Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru to name only a few, rendered yeomen's service. Again in the development of Urdu journalism Kashmiris have played a significant role. In the Kashmir State itself the legendary Har Gopal Kaul 'Khasta' (Title), was beckoned the father of Urdu journalism. In Lahore and in others parts, the name of Gopinath Gurtu of "Akhbar-i-Aam"(Newspaper) fame was one to conjure with to be followed, with passage of time, by Dina Nath Chikan 'Mast's' "Subeh-i-Kashmir" and "Kashmir Darpan"(newspapers) of Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru, "Murasala-i-Kashmir"(newspaper) and "Subeh-i-Umed"(newspaper) of Brij Narain 'Chakbast' and "Bahar-i-Kashmir"(Book) work is exemplary. The "Masnavi"(Collection of poems) of Daya Shankar Tikku, 'Nasim'(Title), holds its relevance till now. Brij Narain Chakbast-a great poet touched the very elevations of poetic genius. His "Khak-i-Hind"(Work on Poetry) poems of the same genre should be read with Iqbal's "Mera Wattan Wohi Hai"(poetry) and "Naya Shawab"(poetry) written very much later. His mastery of Urdu prose was equally splendid. The diction, and thrust of "Maarika-i-Chakbast-o-Sharar"(prose) was a brilliant work and Pandit Brij Mohan Dattatriya, 'Kaifi'(Title),-a venerable label in Urdu literary and cultural spheres all over India is notable. Sir Tej Bahadur Sapru once proudly declared: "Urdu is my mother-tongue and I am proud of it". Almost every town in India had minor Kashmiri poets, especially in Indian States where they enjoyed royal patronage. The four Kashmiris who have earned for themselves a niche in the history of Urdu literature are Mohammad Iqbal, Ratan Nath Dhar 'Sarshar', Daya Shankar Kaul 'Nasim', and Brij Narain 'Chakbast'. Ratan Nath Dhar was the celebrated author of "Fasana Azad" (Book), which is regarded as the forerunner of the Urdu novel. The story of his coming to literary prominence is as fascinating as his works. He was a school teacher and wrote a piece for the famous Urdu paper "Oudh Punch" (newspaper). Pandit Jagmohan Nath Raina, "Shauk"(Book), resulted in the publication finally by 1932 of two excellently brought out volumes of a classic in

The phenomenon of change is well established in language. Historical linguistics seeks to understand the cultural and social forces that cause regional varieties to develop into separate languages. It addresses how, over the course of time, various dialects and varieties branch off only to become entirely new languages. This development process of language change is, however, relatively slow and usually spans hundreds of years. So long

In this paper I put forward the assumption that English language as a lingua franca is not endangering Urdu in Pakistan. Colonization played a vital role to sow the seeds of English and even after the departure of colonizers it exists. I argue the proposition by emphasizing Urdu as our national identity and a binding agent embracing all provinces in its lap. English is helplessly trying to blur the face of Urdu for the last sixty six years. Its a hanging sword on our culture that has shaken our national faith. Consequently giving birth to unrest, Chaos, demoralization and instability, but remained simply unable to uproot Urdu as a mode of national and cultural integrity from our country. Qualitative methodology would be applied by the researcher. As a researcher I am of the opinion to improvise English as optional curricula after matriculation and make Urdu compulsory till degree level.