Indian Muslims on the margins.docx

Ever since India got independence, the Muslims who opted to make India as their homeland have to witness numerous problems in terms of their economy, education, politics and culture. Rather their miseries and deprivations even farther multiplied as compared to colonial period of sway. As Gopal Singh committee Report 1983, the Sachar Report 2006 and lastly, the Ranganath Report 2007 manifest the other side of the story against the Indian government's claim that the Muslims are progressing and prospering alike other communities. Indian governments have constituted several commissions to probe into Muslims' plight, but have showed reluctance to implement the findings or recommendations of the said committees on the one hand while the Hindu extremists always blame the Indian government's policy of "Muslims' appeasement" on the other. Since independence the Muslims have been made sandwich between the two variations... the duplicity of Indian governments and the adverse attitude of the Hindu fundamentalists. However, it is the need of the hour to take certain affirmative measures to curtail the Muslims' deprivations in the areas of education, economics and politics.

RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary, 2019

India is a country of billion plus population with mixture of varieties of ethnic, religious, caste and class people live harmoniously from century past and this assimilation and amalgamation nourished a distinct Indian civilization which is called “Unity in Diversity”. Over the period it developed as a strong nation. Despite so much upheaval people bound together in a singular nationhood. Post Nehruvian era, the lack of political manoeuvring created huge socio-economic divide among citizen of this country. Though, it has initiated several policies & programmes to uplift vulnerable groups but somehow Muslim minority left marginalized because of political chauvinism and lack of will of the government. This paper tries to explore the causes & consequences of socio-economic conditions of Muslim minority in general. The Study is based on primary as well as secondary sources that has been analysed on the pretext of describing the problems facing the community in socio-economic front.

International Journal of Social Science and Development Policy , 2019

Social structure has a prolong history for ages. It is the beauty of India and a curse for those who belong to a marginalized community. After independence, the constitution has given equal rights to everyone, which are yet to be delivered. Scheduled castes, tribes, women and Muslims are marginalized due to the social structure of Indian society. But Muslims remain poor with declining socioeconomic and political status also worsening their health status, probably due to the lack of a 'systemic' and 'systematic' approach to empower them since independence. Various reports have enumerated facts that cite that Muslims are lagging behind in every aspect of human development. India cannot become a developed country until the one-third population of the country is also developed.

2024

An important turning point in Indian history, the Partition of 1857, had long-lasting effects on the Muslim population, including marginalized inequity. The difficulties Muslims encountered after the partition were exacerbated by discriminatory laws, socioeconomic disparities, and cultural conflicts, creating a complicated story of marginalization. With an emphasis on the interdependence of historical, social, and economic elements in maintaining marginalized inequality, this work tries to capture the complex character of the difficulties encountered by the Muslim population in India following the Partition of 1857 to the contemporary independent India.

International Journal of Research Publication and Reviews, 2022

For India's Muslims, it has been a protracted struggle. They have been making an effort to mend their broken lives after the trauma and hardships of division, despite tremendous obstacles including extreme poverty, illiteracy, discrimination, and neglect. The community is disjointed and dysfunctional on many levels, lacking both vertical and horizontal communication and coherence. Sometimes the average Muslim is without a leader, and other times they are led by politicians and charlatans. The common Muslim suffers from both internal and external discrimination. The institutionalised riot mechanism frequently alarmed them as they dealt with genocidal acts and ethnic cleansing. Their attempts to establish themselves in North India have run across official resistance and apathy. Ghettoes without even the most basic utilities have become the home of Muslims from all social groups, even in cosmopolitan places like Mumbai and Delhi. They are compelled to choose hazardous, filthy parts of cities like Kolkata, Lucknow, Ahmedabad, and many more in the west and the north where they must live. The concerns of all people for economic and political justice, there is a need for a party or parties, or for a political front. Muslims are given several advantages in their attempts to create a widespread political movement against social and economic exploitation. In comparison to other groups, they have better interactions with the pan-Indian communities, an all-India presence, a sense of pride in their rich culture and heritage, and an all-India presence. They will also have an advantage because of their innate sense of justice.

Indian Muslims, second largest Muslim community after that of Indonesia, are part of India's global engagement. Their aspirations to play an assertive role in their future are not being welcomed sufficiently by their socio-religious leadership and the state institutions. Ultra nationalist groups want to keep them a hostage of a troubled legacy of partition and justify their development deficit. Their engagement with the Indian state, society and politics is defined by their aspirations and contestations.

The economic reforms and privatisation during 1990s opened some avenues for the youth in the community, as opposed to the previous decades during which government jobs were hard to come by. Gradually, a small but significant middle class is emerging as new professionals join the fields of media, IT and management. The recently published book - India's Muslim Spring: Why is Nobody Talking about It? by Hasan Suroor, a London-based veteran Indian journalist, focuses on the positive trends within the community. Another soon to be published book, Muslim Politics in Bihar: Changing Contours by Mohammed Sajjad, an assistant professor at Aligarh Muslim University's history department, highlights the community's response to challenges in the historical past, particularly during the partition. Al Jazeera's Saif Khalid in an email interview with Suroor and Sajjad tries to get a sense of the changes happening in India’s Muslim community.

This chapter in the seminal report, Vision 2025 Socio-Economic Inequalities: Why Does India's Economic growth Need and Inclusive Agenda, seeks to examine the troubling circumstances that imperil the well being of Indian Muslims and offers some broad perspectives on it.

India is the third largest Muslim dominated country, a nation home to 10.9% of the world's Muslims after Indonesia (12.7%) and Pakistan (11%). After the publication of Sachar Committee Report (2006) and periodic publication of religion based data in 2001 and 2011 by the Census of India, it is a well-known fact that the Muslims are the demographically largest and sociologically most significant minority of our country. The sociological significance of the Muslims as a minority group does not rest solely on their numerical strength. Rather, their social construction as a minority in the socio-political history of India is a crucial factor [1].Therefore, the assessment of educational status as a very significant indicator of human development for all including the Muslims remain an important task. The contribution of education to inclusive growth and development is widely recognized. "Education is found to be a more sustainable and more effective measure than other measures to reduce inequality in society. Unequal education reproduces social inequality [2]. "Much theoretical and empirical literature rightly lays emphasis on education as a necessary precursor to socioeconomic mobility. In fact, the positive outcomes of education are so huge and so crucial for human development that one often takes education as a single measure to assess the overall well-being of a population or a subset of it. In brief, the higher the proportion of a population with formal schooling, the wider is the stock of human capital and the greater the ability to achieve upward socioeconomic mobility" [3].