SHAPING HUBLI-DHARWAD AS A "CONNECTED CITY"

Journal of Engineering Technology, 2016

Urbanization is one of the major phenomenon in the current urban scenario. It has been estimated that by 2030 around 400 square kilometers of land would be consumed for urban area and it is expected that in the next 20 years urban population will be doubled due to massive spatial and economic change in developing countries. Many developed countries like UK, USA have adopted transit oriented strategies that focus on catalyzing development along transit oriented corridors. On an ongoing basis, the strategies have been presented for augmenting development and transit ridership. There have been adverse effects of urbanization on development in many countries. In India, mass urbanization, is leading to severe environmental and economic problems such as urban poverty, congestion, pollution, degradation of quality of life etc. Hence, a sustainable approach is required to attend to these problems and ensure a positive growth for the cities. In Indian cities, rapid transit is a comparatively new phenomenon. Hence, the current strategies being introduced include densifying the development along the transit corridors, boosting compact development, discouraging private ridership, improving paratransit modes to enhance transit accessibility and ridership. A transit-oriented development (TOD) is thus an approach integrating land use and transit systems to maximize access to public transport and solve other glitches. Transit oriented development embraces compact mixed use design that provide proper accessibility to transit and non-motorized transportation and encourages transit ridership. It aims at integrating infrastructure, transport and land use with urban design to increase positive growth in the city.

EFFLATOUNIA - Multidisciplinary Journal, 2021

Transit Oriented Development in theory is not a latest concept for the planners globally, even Indian authors, practitioners as well as agencies are working on TOD concept have defined it in their own terms likewise as an integration of land uses and transit planning that focuses on the developed and planned sustainable growth of urban centers with walkable and livable communes in collaboration with elevated density and planning with mixed land use. Populace shall have connectivity to public spaces with lots of green spaces in relation to comfortable and effective transit facilities. Therefore Transit Oriented Development is considered as a creative model for urban areas which ensures sustainable mobility and optimizes utilization of land through compact mixed- use development through leveraging existing and forthcoming public transport infrastructure. So, through this paper an effort is done to review the application of TOD in India through 2 processes i.e., firstly via case studies of the areas where TOD has been planned or implemented and secondly via the detailed study of the policies defined in various cities.

Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is a planning strategy which integrates the land use and transport system, thereby creating lively, sustainable, pedestrian and cycling friendly areas and neighbourhoods, while encouraging people to choose transit over cars for their long commutes. A widely accepted description of TOD is an urban environment with high densities, mixed and diverse land uses, located within an easy allowable areas around a transit node.This is a pilot project in one of the densely populated area of East Delhi. The project is spread over 74 Acres of land.This TOD project would fulfil the long standing needs of the local community for a hospital, a recreation centre, a school for disabled children, community halls and a large 5-acre community park

Growth and Change, Wiley Publications, 2019

Cities are the drivers of economic growth and structural transformation in developing countries. Transport makes or mars a city. It connects people to opportunity and business to prosperity. Urban transport acts as a catalyst of growth through direct, indirect and induced effects, including those linked to agglomeration and networking externalities. Yet policy makers and planners in developing countries like India continue to neglect the economics of urban public transport. Hardly has there been any attempt to study relationships between city externalities, spatial planning, public transport infrastructure, economic growth and value capture financing. This paper delves into these aspects and presents lessons from theory for the strategies of development and financing of urban public transport in India. It is focused on the implications of urban externalities for transit-oriented development, transport land use integration, strategic den-sification of growth nodes and public transport financing based on a value creation, capture and recycling paradigm.

Proceedings of DARCH 2022- 2nd International Conference on Architecture & Design

REVIEW OF DDA’s TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT GUIDELINES FOR DELHI Harikrishna Gopal Nambiar B.Arch., A.I.I.A., A.I.T.P. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Metro rail is being introduced in a big way in all of India’s Tier-I and some Tier-II cities too. The introduction of TOD guidelines is being clearly being watched and will be emulated all over the country. Accessibility is fine but in the process the increased FAR, ground coverage and height would lead to densification and judicial use of infrastructure is argued by the proponents of the scheme. The network consists of Eleven colour-coded regular lines serving 285 stations with a total length of 389 kilometres criss-crossing most of Delhi. This article analyses the public ground per capita versus (the total area under plots to be developed) buildable plot ratio around metro stations in Delhi bringing out the resultant Quality of life. With the state of market driven transformation (unauthorised construction) in Delhi it remains to be seen whether these TOD guidelines would be beneficial for Delhi. As it is Indian cities already with a notorious air quality index, the environment may just give up under this load. Thus adopting TOD for Delhi requires a great deal of thought and one cannot help but think that the present metro network along with the scale of development is finely poised; the threat would be real once people start pooling in their properties to avail the latest density and once those high-rises start appearing on the horizon. We are all familiar with New York and Brooklyn and the psychological problems people living in high-rise towers suffer from. In this study the author made a primary reconnaissance survey of six metro stations, two each along the Red, Yellow and Blue lines observed carefully over a period of twenty years and prepared maps of metro stations starting from 2000 when metro construction was announced and the physical transformation noticed from plot to plot in the 500 meter catchment of each metro station. This study is primarily focussing on housing transformation ( authorised and unauthorised construction.). Primary survey maps for 2000, 2010 and 2021 were prepared. Socio-spatial inequities and gentrification were observed. The present research findings adds to the present body of knowledge on the potential housing transformation around transport nodes such as metros stations in context of developing country like India where such significant studies have not been reported. The findings of the research will aid the policy planners to anticipate the likely changes in housing around metros stations in their influence areas and thereby enable formulation of appropriate housing strategies for them.

IRJET, 2021

In India, Transit Oriented Development (TOD) is growing rapidly as a tool of sustainability. To decrease auto dependence, it is important to manage regional and urban growth, revitalize declining centers and suburbs, and integrate land use with balanced transport. TOD intends to reach these goals by forming compact, mixed-use, pedestrian-friendly neighbourhoods around major transport hubs. Both brownfield and greenfield development required TOD. It provides india's cities with unique opportunity to address the challenges of growing motorization, rising disparity, decreasing urban quality, and climate change. This paper is an aim to understand how TOD is integrated with sustainable neighborhood planning, as well as how this system is perceived in India vast diversity. The paper concludes by investigating the impacts of Transit Oriented Development on green field and brown field regions. Discusses the issues that need to be addressed in the Indian context prior to implementation, or may be preparing for future TOD initiatives.

Journal of Transport and Land Use

Transit oriented development (TOD) is a land-use and transport integrated urban planning strategy that is highly acclaimed for promoting sustainable city development. This review aims to identify the problems regarding adoption of TOD standards or guidelines formulated by developed countries in developing countries, such as India, and the necessity of conducting adaptability studies on TOD influence areas. The existing studies show that the size of the influence area varies among different cities and travel modes. Accordingly, no single size influence zone is suitable for all cases. This review highlights the necessity of carefully considering the spatial extent of influence areas and modes other than walking as access or egress modes in the Indian context. Moreover, this review aims to provide insight on how to plan TOD in the context of developing countries, because the mobility patterns in these countries differ considerably from those in the developed world.

Urban population in India has increased significantly from 62 million in 1951 to 285 million in 2001 and is estimated to be around 540 million by the year 2021. In terms of percentage of total population, the urban population has gone up from 17% in 1951 to 29% in 2001 and is expected to increase up to around 37% by the year 2021. Consequently, the number and size of cities have also increased significantly. Although circumstances differ considerably across cities in India, certain basic trends which determine transport demand (such as substantial increase in urban population, household incomes, and industrial and commercial activities) are the same. These changes have placed heavy demands on urban transport systems, demand that many Indian cities have been unable to meet.

IRJET, 2020

In this paper, we studied about Transit Oriented Development (TOD) program. TOD planning should have two-sided approach: TOD Retrofitting-Bringing transit to those locations, where the development already possesses the physical characteristics of a typical TOD, i.e. having high densities but without having transit connectivity at that place. TOD Planning-This approach ensures that necessary planning policies and regulations in master plan and land use plan TOD implementation. This paper aims to review TOD Retrofitting.

IAEME PUBLICATION, 2016

Transport planning is intrinsically linked to land use planning and both need to be developed together in a manner that serves the entire population and yet minimizes travel needs. Though transportation plans in India are typically prepared separately from land use plans, realizing the constraints in the strategic planning process in the country, a transport plan was prepared concurrent to the Development Plan. The paper examines the strategies adopted to ensure a transport system that is seamless and efficient, through structuring its urban growth. This paper has been prepared to facilitate to identify the critical areas of concerns regarding land use policies for transit oriented development that should need most urgent attention by authorities and to identify subsequent actions that should effectively tackle those critical concerns, within its framework of high-level commitments.