Definition and Element of Drama

Drama(δρᾶμα) comes from a Greek word, δράω, drao, meaning "to do" or "to act." A play is a story acted out. It shows people going through some eventful period in their lives, seriously or humorously. The speech and action of a play recreate the flow of human life. A play comes fully to life only on the stage. On the stage it combines many arts those of the author, director, actor, designer, and others. Dramatic performance involves an intricate process of rehearsal based upon imagery inherent in the dramatic text. A playwright first invents a drama out of mental imagery. The dramatic text presents the drama as a range of verbal imagery. The language of drama can range between great extremes: on the one hand, an intensely theatrical and ritualistic manner; and on the other, an almost exact reproduction of real life. A dramatic monologue is a type of lyrical poem or narrative piece that has a person speaking to a select listener and revealing his character in a dramatic situation.

Nippur, 2015

2021

-Plots, characters, settings, dialogues, movement and themes are basic elements which all plays share. (Costumes, lighting and props are also among the elements to which modern plays pay close attention)

Language Sciences, 1994

The first part of this article challenges the assumption that actors, actions, spatial scenes and temporal events are primitives out of which narratives are formed. In contrast, the view is put forth here that events, scenes, actions and actors owe their existence to the role they occupy in higher order relationships which are best understood as plot formation in the context of human drama. The second part presents a number of empirical investigations of how children of different ages and different languages differentiate between language forms and functions in their construction of actors, actions, scenes and events as part-whole relationships. 1. Preface With this paper entitled Actions, Events, Scenes, Plots and the Drama. Language and the Constitution of Part-Whole Relationships, I have taken the opportunity to pull together much of the empirical work that I have carried out over the last 6 years, and some new thinking with regard to the relationship of language form and discourse function. In order to give some guidance to the intended reader, my current thinking starts from the assumption that discourse means to construct 'events' and 'scenes', and even 'actions' and 'actors' as meaningful units at the plane of language-most typically in narration. In other words, 'events', 'scenes', 'actions', and 'actors' emerge in discourse, i.e., in our being-in-the-world qua discursive-beings. Consequently, any investigation of how children acquire language must study the child's being-in-theworld in order to capture what emerges. I am trying to characterize the dynamics of this process in terms of a constitution process of part-whole relationships, i.e. where 'events' and 'scenes' are parts of 'plots' and 'themes', and where these relationships are constituted from the vantage point of an active subject. 2. Actors, actions, scenes and events, plots and the drama 2.1. Actors and actions To start out with the notion of ACTIONS is to some degree an arbitrary decision. In the realm of my stated goals to show that smaller units are best considered as partly