GLOBAL CITIZENSHIP: REALITY VERSUS ASPIRATION

Inter American Journal of Education For Democracy, 2009

Global Citizenship Education, 2008

The paper investigates the relationship between citizenship, nation-state and globalization through the unconventional prism of human rights. Focusing on transformative effects of globalization processes, the author explores the challenges that the unprecedented level of transplanetary connectivity and supraterritorial relations pose to the international human rights regime founded on responsibility of territorially defined nation-states for protection and promotion of human rights. With discrepancy between the de facto state of the nation-state and the foundations of the present human rights regime as a point of departure, the paper looks into three main theoretical approaches that attempt to (re)establish theoretical and practical relevance of human rights in the globalized world. Distancing herself from the predominant legalistic human rights discourse, the author advocates revival of moral and ethical dimensions of human rights, complemented with lessons learnt from the tradition of citizenship rights as a strategy for securing room for human rights in the era of globalization.

The paper investigates the relationship between citizenship, nation-state and globalization through the unconventional prism of human rights. Focusing on transformative effects of globalization processes, the author explores the challenges that the unprecedented level of transplanetary connectivity and supraterritorial relations pose to the international human rights regime founded on responsibility of territorially defined nation-states for protection and promotion of human rights. With discrepancy between the de facto state of the nation-state and the foundations of the present human rights regime as a point of departure, the paper looks into three main theoretical approaches that attempt to (re)establish theoretical and practical relevance of human rights in the globalized world. Distancing herself from the predominant legalistic human rights discourse, the author advocates revival of moral and ethical dimensions of human rights, complemented with lessons learnt from the tradition of citizenship rights as a strategy for securing room for human rights in the era of globalization.

2009

The theme of this lecture is the current crisis of global citizenship and democratic responses to it. 1 The crisis is that citizens are unable to exercise effectively their civic 'response-abilities' in response to four major global problems. The global problems are: (1) the ecological and climate change crisis; (2) the imperial problem of inequality, exploitation and poverty of the Global South; (3) the problem of global wars and militarization; and (4) the problem of distrust and disrespect for different civilizations and peoples. These global problems are interconnected. The processes of modernisation, industrialisation, western expansion, exploitation of the world's resources and economic globalisation that are the cause of the ecological crisis are also the major cause of the inequalities between the global north and south. The primary purpose of the huge global military empire of the United States is to protect and expand the very processes of economic globalisation that are 1 This lecture was given at the Goethe University Frankfurt/Main under the auspices of the

2010

is is an age of communication; collectivism gives rise to global village that calls for a global citizenry. It is easy to be a globalectronic (global and electronic) citizen who attains his nationality through internet, multimedia extension, mobile phones, cyber space, and electronic mail etc. It is well-nigh impossible to be a global citizen as every individual has its idiosyncrasy that always grow up with the social milieu lying around him. erefore, people living in the North are unable to cope with people living in the South in all aspects of life. Political unevenness between the North and the South is a major source of dichotomy between two poles. Globalization is a source that collects people in the form of a whole but ineff ectual in forging them to be a global citizen. All political battles over globalization can become to an end if selective morality diminishes. e South is unable to move in the world at will but the North can. Hence claims of laissez faire, peace, human rights, good governance, and sustainable human development are at stake as pluralism facing crises in morality. us it seems diffi cult to have an end product in the form of a global citizenship. It is only possible when morality prevails in attaining its end product through freedom of expression, freedom of speech and freedom of association.

Educational Review, 2006

This paper explores whether the notion of 'global citizenship' is too abstract to be valuable in driving curriculum policy and active citizenship for students. The paper looks firstly at three of the key aspects of an active role: a concern for social justice; rights; and culture and cultural conflict. It then examines actual curricula and programmes of study for global citizenship, and compares the conceptual frameworks, progression routes and emphases within these curricula. It moves on to review the research on teachers' practices and orientations in teaching global citizenship, finding some variation and problems, particularly in areas such as teaching controversial issues. Factors in successful impact of global citizenship education are outlined, such as various forms of democratic decision-making and community service. Constraints are nonetheless identified of curriculum overload, resources, time and confidence. The paper then describes existing research on the needs and wishes of learners within global citizenship. The conclusion confirms the consensus on the importance of global citizenship and argues that it can be turned into a more radical and politicised curriculum area; however, more research is needed on impact of the learning, including research by students themselves.

This paper argues that global citizenship supports a normative perspective that helps humans understand the world as a home for all humanity, makes citizens aware of the global problems, pushes citizens to feel responsible and participate in solving the world problems. Nevertheless, the states, which are the main actors of world politics, do not support the application of global citizenship in practice. Therefore, global citizenship as an ideal and a practice does not contribute humans to fight against global issues. For, the application of global citizenship notion requires a world government that does not exist and is arguably a utopia view. The emergence of a world government is also not possible because of the nation-states’ inclination for sovereignty and the rise of nationalism. Thus, the normative form of global citizenship lacks to confront global problems such as the refugee crisis or climate change. However, an alternative process, for tackling the global issues, would be the creation of several unions (similar to the European Union) in which several countries with shared values and interests will join a union and work together to fight the problems of their region and the world.

This book is related to 2 way application of UDHR which speak about world rights as basic structure rights.