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Economic analysis of mangrove management in Indonesia reveals that a narrow focus on single-use exploitation leads to significant environmental and economic challenges. A multiple-use approach is crucial for developing sustainable management strategies that balance economic productivity with ecological conservation. The paper outlines a framework for assessing mangrove management options, provides guidelines for effective resource management, and emphasizes the importance of integrated approaches to avoid conflicts over resource use.
2019
Although they comprise less than 1% of the world's tropical forests, mangrove ecosystems provide significant ecosystem services to coastal regions and the people residing there. Despite their contributions, worldwide mangrove losses are significant. This manuscript describes some of the diverse factors that create challenges to effective mangrove management, such as their open access nature, the absence of assignment of property and use rights to local communities, the difficulty recognizing and comparing the values of the long-term nonconsumptive services that mangroves provide with the immediate short-term benefits of mangrove destruction and conversion to alternative uses, and the overlapping authority and contradictory missions of the multiple government institutions responsible for mangrove ecosystems. In recent decades the efforts of several international organizations have led to a series of principles around which good consensus exists. This manuscript explores the most ...
Ocean & Coastal Management, 2015
Indonesia is home to the largest area of mangrove forests in the world. Urban expansion, aquaculture farms, oil-palm plantations and timber extraction have caused an estimated decline of about 1.2 million hectares of Indonesia's mangroves since the 1980's, and currently only 3 million hectares remain. The major cause of mangrove conversion is aquaculture expansion. Assessing global values of mangrove ecosystem services has been useful to draw attention to the value of mangroves for humans, but these values cannot simply be extrapolated to specific areas and as such cannot inform management. Most valuation studies of mangrove ecosystem services talk about 'mangroves' that are in reality subject to widely different management regimes and as such are difficult to compare. This is one of the explanations for the wide ranges in values. Making sound decisions on management of (former) mangrove systems requires knowledge on the impact of management on the provisioning of all relevant ecosystem services. However, mangrove ecosystem services provision is rarely directly linked to management. Our report intends to fill this gap. This report reviews the current state of mangrove ecosystem services and relates their provision to different mangrove management regimes in Java, Indonesia. Based on our findings, decision makers and managers should be able to explore the crucial elements of optimal coastal management, by considering which management purpose will result in the provision of which bundle of ecosystem services. More specifically, this report details which ecosystem properties underpin ecosystem service provision, and describes state and performance indicators for seven ecosystem services: food, raw materials, coastal protection, carbon sequestration, water purification, nursery for fish and shrimp, and nature-based recreation. Mangrove tree age (and related height, diameter, root length, species richness and structural complexity) were found crucial for all seven ecosystem services. This report's typology of management regimes is new to science, in that it develops a full range of ten specific management characteristics and indicators, and eight ecological characteristics. The typology used the local variation in legislation and management activities. Moreover, the easily measurable ecological characteristics served to both verify management regimes on location and to quantify ecosystem services. A rapid field assessment was conducted to verify the management regimes. This study's typology is firmly rooted in scientific literature and Javanese legislation, and enables a consistent indicator-based comparison of ecosystem service provision for multiple management regimes. A further novelty in the typology is the inclusion of silvofishery, eco-certified aquaculture and the comparison between natural and converted mangrove systems (i.e. aquaculture). Our review yielded nine different silvo-fishery models that vary widely in their management and ecological characteristics and, therefore, the ability to provide ecosystem services. Comparing mangrove management regimes to aquaculture regimes enables decision makers to compare trade-offs for the first time. Natural mangroves were found to score highest for all ecosystem services except food. Conversely, mangroves converted to aquaculture received the maximum score for food production, but this coincides with low or even negative provision of all other ecosystem services. Such disservices are high carbon emissions, wave height increase (increasing flood risk) and water pollution. Nevertheless, fishery yields in more natural mangrove systems compare in magnitude (in terms of kg/ha/yr) to aquaculture, while also providing additional benefits. However, this may entail a wide variety of species in the case of mangroves while aquaculture delivers specific target species. Mangrove plantations and silvo-fisheries, which combine rehabilitation with raw materials and shrimp provision, respectively, also outscore mangroves converted for aquaculture. This clearly indicates the merits of restoring mangroves formerly used for intensive land use.
Forests, 2022
Mangroves are an important ecosystem that provides valuable social, economic, and environmental services. Indonesia has placed mangroves on its national priority agenda in an important effort to sustainably manage this ecosystem and achieve national climate commitments. However, mangrove management is faced with complex challenges encompassing social, ecological, and economic issues. In order to achieve the government’s commitments and targets regarding mangrove restoration and conservation, an in-depth study on and critical review of mangrove management in Indonesia was conducted herein. This work aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and strategic recommendations for sustainable mangrove management in Indonesia. SWOT analysis was carried out to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats related to mangrove management in Indonesia. To address these gaps, we reviewed the existing policies, current rehabilitation practices, environmental challenges, and research and technology implementations in the field. We found that strategies on mangrove ecosystem protection, such as improving the function and value of mangrove forests, integrating mangrove ecosystem management, strengthening political commitments and law enforcement, involving all stakeholders (especially coastal communities), and advancing research and innovations, are crucial for sustainable mangrove management and to support the national blue carbon agenda.
2019
Protecting mangrove forest is essential because the numerous of its ecosystem services, particularly over coastal communities, rely on the mangrove. Deforestation on mangrove forest not only affected the community's welfare but also increased the risk from disasters such as tsunami, storm surges, tidal flood, etc. The loss of mangrove forest occurred in Langkat Regency, North Sumatera, Indonesia. Massive land-use change from mangrove forest to palm oil plantation commence in 2000, resulting in significant loss of fishermen income and environmental degradation. Langkat case is unique and exciting because of the community in 3 subdistricts against the oil palm corporation by doing a movement to rehabilitate mangrove area. The final action was in 2010 when communities broke down the palm oil dike in a field, which called Register 8/L, that was a mangrove area. After the movement of successfully 'reclaimed' the land by gaining the right to manage the mangrove through Communi...
Journal of Degraded and Mining Lands Management, 2024
Coastal communities are particularly vulnerable to the effects of climate change. This study aimed to review the impact of land use change and mangrove degradation on coastal areas and analyze the problems and strategies of mangrove management in Indonesia. Journal data sources were obtained from the Scopus and Google Scholar databases. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) method was used in the study. The results indicate that economic activities such as mining, industry, and ponds are the main cause of mangrove damage, which in turn leads to increased disasters, CO2 emissions, and decreased community income. To address this issue, mangrove management strategies that take into account social, economic, and environmental factors are necessary. Successful mangrove restoration requires increased inclusion, community capacity, budgeting, and stakeholder involvement. Government policies regulating sustainable spatial planning, law enforcement, and institutional frameworks are crucial components of mangrove management. The study's results are expected to serve as the foundation for developing sustainable coastal management strategies that enhance the safety of coastal communities from disasters and improve their welfare.
Frontiers in Marine Science
Wetlands Ecology and Management, 2009
The effect of intensive human intervention, poor socio-economic conditions and little knowledge on mangrove ecology pose enormous challenges for mangrove restoration in Southeast Asia. We present a framework for tropical mangrove restoration. Our proposed restoration framework addresses the ecology, economy and social issues simultaneously by considering the causes of mangrove degradation. We provide a step by step guideline for its restoration. We argue that although, ecological issues are of prime importance, economic and social issues must be considered in the restoration plan in order for it to be successful. Since mangrove ecology is not adequately studied in this region, local ecological knowledge can be used to fill the baseline information gaps. Unwanted human disturbance can be minimized by encouraging community participation. This can be ensured and sustained by facilitating the livelihood of the coastal community. We translated the restoration paradigm into a readily available practical guideline for the executors of the plans. We provide an example of mangrove restoration project that is closely related to our proposed framework. We are optimistic that this framework has the potential for universal application with necessary adjustments.
Agricultural Water Management, 1999
Abstract The concept of integrated water management forms the background to a research project carried out in India and Malaysia. The project involves the development of numerical models to improve understanding of processes in mangrove systems, and related socio-economic investigations to analyse the interests and decision-making of stakeholders in mangroves systems. The paper summarises some of the conclusions arising from the research, including the continuing need for improved technical understanding of mangroves and its incorporation in participatory decision-making.
Nowadays, the issues of "land grabbing" and "green grabbing" have become a subject of contentious debate. Although the terms of "land grabbing" and "green grabbing" are referred to frequently, they prove to be relatively new problem in Vietnam. In this paper, the issue of "green grabbing" will be examined by using a case study of mangrove restoration in Central Coast of Vietnam to gain a better understanding of the central government's control over resources and how right and ownership are transferred to different stakeholders. It is believed that human-nature interaction happens among stakeholders and that is the relationship between local people and nature or state and nature and it is need to have a joint effort among them. However, the fact is that the central government and local people have different views towards the restoration of mangrove. While the central government sees mangrove restoration from the angle of ecological services, local people views mangrove forest as a part of their culture and source of livelihoods. Another noticeable finding is the functional overlapping between two Ministries in the realm of forest and land management in Vietnam which leads to serious problems in terms of forest conservation policy. Local government acts as the connecting institution between local people and central government; however, local government's interpreting of mangrove restoration policy goes astray from the original one, causing misunderstandings in the implementation of mangrove restoration projects. Finally, local people's voice is not heard by the central government due to a variety of reasons. In this paper, the concept of decentralization, knowledge space, and livelihood strategies will be used to analyze the issue. It is believed that the controversies arising from mangrove restoration policy should be comprehensively discussed. The argument is that state policy should tackle the issue of mangrove restoration not only from the aspect of conservation but also from social, economic and cultural lenses. Mangrove forests play an important role in adapting to climate change and global warming, in the meanwhile, they serve as crucial sources for local community's livelihoods. Hence, there is an urgent need to address any conflicts in policy which negatively affect local community's access to mangrove forests.
Mangroves forest ecosystem along the east coastal in Lampung Mangrove Center (LMC) Margasari Village is a renewable resources. It is a border between two ecosystem. Because of that situation, more than one stakeholders involved. There are department involues, Forestry Fisheries and Marine, and Agriculture Department in East Lampung District. Often, the policy of each department is not efficient and effective. Based on that situation, on 2006, the mangroves management try to make an integrated model between the stakeholders. In this research, It want to know the effectiveness of that model. The samples in this research used Simple Random Sampling which they were 25 the people and the team of integrated management of University of Lampung and the East Lampung Regency government. The datas will be described and analysis with SWOT Analizing (Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats). The strategy of the integrated management will be defined after that. Integrated management of mangroves ecosystem in Margasari Village have in good management of sustainability approach and increase the welfare of the people. The position of the analzing of the integrated management is on the aggressive curve. It is indicated that the integrated management has been done since 2006 have progressive development, between the people, government, and University of Lampung. The strategies of management plan are education for the people on mangroves ecosystem functions and benefits, human resources development, law enforcement in break the rule in mangroves management (illegal loging and wild harvesting), development in international and national net working, science and technology development, and community empowerment and economyc increase. Key words : Integrated management; mangrove ecosystem; stakeholder; SWOT Analysis. Correspondence : [email protected]
Journal of Civil & Legal Sciences, 2017
Mangroves are part of the forest ecosystem as a whole and lives between land and sea. Mangroves are very important in the management of coastal resources in Indonesia. In addition to having influence in the coastal ecological system, mangroves also have economic potential, which is derived from three main sources, namely: forestry, fisheries estuaries, and coastal/internal waters. Mangroves have an important role in protecting coastal and maintaining the habitat for several species with diversity in certain coastal zones. In the past 5 years, the condition of mangrove forests has decreased both in number and in their wide function as a buffer in the coastal zone. This was triggered by loosening licensing by the municipality or province to the entrepreneurs settlement, a location exploitation permit for companies or sites that are not environmentally friendly. This deterioration was also caused by overlapping legislation and mangrove forest management authority as part of the natural resources in coastal zones as well as illegal logging in mangrove forests.
2018
Mangroves have ecological and economic functions for coastal communities in Indonesia. However, with the location of growth were very carefully to the community settlement causing mangrove vulnerable to exploitation. This study describes the utilization of mangroves in North Maluku Province and various conservation efforts with local wisdom approach. The study was conducted through a phenomenological approach and qualitative research by observation, interviews. The analysis of data was qualitative descriptive. The result shows that people in the village of Tuada District of Jailolo used mangrove forest products like building materials, boat making materials and as firewood. Furthermore, mangrove conservation endangered by using the rules of logging on mangrove, allowance for utilizing the type of mangrove and the regulation for replanting. IndexTerms—Conservation, mangrove type, local wisdom. ___________________________________________________________________________________________...
Maritime Technology and Research
This study examines the past and summarizes the main findings of 35 studies on managing mangrove ecosystems in Indonesia published between 2018 and 2022. The systematic use of the Preferred Items for the Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) method showed that, in the last five years, mangrove ecosystem management had had a trend that led to the themes of deforestation and natural resource management, as well as to the themes of sustainable development, ecosystems, coastal zones, and forestry, which were the main topics of discussion in 2019. In addition, the words that have become dominant are ecosystem, forestry, and biodiversity. The limitations and gaps identified include aspects of tourist areas, the use of remote sensing, and quantitative and qualitative approaches that can provide knowledge for advancing mangrove ecosystem management studies in the future. Highlights The use of the R method in visualizing some information resulting from the integration of literature on...
Although mangroves make up less than one percent of all tropical forests worldwide, their contribution to mitigation of climate change is huge. Unfortunately, however, they are facing the fastest ever rate of destruction. Any further delay in corrective action to protect and conserve mangrove ecosystems would not only mean huge loss of livelihood of a large number of coastal communities in the developing world, but also make us more vulnerable to devastations caused by the increasing number of cyclones. Mangrove-asource of livelihood in Bhitarkanika (Pic-Ranjan Panda) A just published report on mangroves by the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) titled, " The important of mangroves to people: A call to Action " reinforces this point.
Conservation Biology, 2016
Many drivers of mangrove forest loss operate over large scales and are most effectively addressed by policy interventions. However, conflicting or unclear policy objectives exist at multiple tiers of government, resulting in contradictory management decisions. To address this, we considered 4 approaches that are being used increasingly or could be deployed in Southeast Asia to ensure sustainable livelihoods and biodiversity conservation. First, a stronger incorporation of mangroves into marine protected areas (MPAs) (that currently focus This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. 2 largely on reefs and fisheries) could resolve some policy conflicts and ensure that mangroves do not fall through a policy gap. Second, examples of community and government comanagement exist, but achieving co-management at scale will be important in reconciling stakeholders and addressing conflicting policy objectives. Third, private-sector initiatives could protect mangroves through existing and novel mechanisms in degraded areas and areas under future threat. Finally, payments for ecosystem services (PES) hold great promise for mangrove conservation; REDD-style carbon schemes (known as blue carbon) are attracting attention. Although barriers remain to the implementation of PES, the potential to implement them at multiple scales exists. Closing the gap between mangrove conservation policies and action is crucial to the improved protection and management of this imperilled coastal ecosystem and to the livelihoods that depend on them.
Global Environmental Change, 2014
2019
Mangrove ecosystems have strategic benefits and complex management. Management of mangrove ecosystems also faces pressures and challenges to maintain them in sustainable condition. This study was aimed to review various literatures on mangrove management, particularly related to ecosystem services, and to find contribution opportunities in this field of research. Ecosystem service approach is more developed in natural resource management and becomes an instrument connecting ecosystem functions with human wellbeing. Analysis results showed that ecosystem services are an important part of mangrove management. Mangrove provides many ecosystem services and has an important role in both the number and the type of ecosystem services. There are several research opportunities which can be conducted namely ecosystem service condition analysis, socio-economic analysis and valuation, system structure, and future prospective strategies. These aspects are certainly a challenge in developing a dy...
Mangrove forests are generally found along sheltered coasts where they grow abundantly in saline soil and brackish water subject to periodic fresh and salt water inundation. Undoubtedly the mangrove forest is a very dynamic and highly productive ecosystem. It not only plays multiple ecological functions essential to its surrounding habitats, but it is also an important resource for the coastal communities. However, there are some issues that threatened the existence of the mangrove ecosystem. Unfortunately, human activities are one of the main factors which contribute to the degradation of mangrove forest.
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