BUGS IN ATM AND THEIR CONTROL

This study aimed at evaluating the health benefits of popular Moringa oleifera leaf. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the leaf at two different concentrations (1:1 and 1:2) was used to determine the phytochemical screening and its antibacterial activity. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphlococcus aureus were used in this study, applying agar diffusion methods. The phytochemical screening indicated presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins and phenol in both extracts making it to have antibacterial potentials. Both extract showed remarkable activity against the growth of the selected bacteria; nevertheless, the methanol extract had more antibacterial activity than the water extract, more so the extracts were discovered to be more active at higher concentration. The water extract was not active at low concentration, that is 1:1 but had diameter zone of inhibition of 10 mm each for 1:2 concentration. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) that inhibits these bacterial ranged between 1:4 and 1:16 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) that kills the growth of the bacterial isolates completely was 1:16. The result of this study showed that M. oleifera could be a valuable antibacterial drug in the treatment of infections caused by the test organisms.

The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract the highest concentration of extract is (100 mg/m l) and the lowest one is (12.5 mg/ml) against different four pathogenic organisms Bacillus cereus pseudomonad aeruginosa, typhimurium were carried out by using a disc diffusion technique. In aqueous leaf extract of Moringa the highest antibacterial activity was detected against Escherichia coli in all different concentration of Moringa and th the highest antibacterial activity was detected against pseudomonad aeruginosa and Escherichia coli and the lowest inhibition zone against Salmonella typhimurium). The an synthetic antibiotics, (Ciprofloxacin, Tetracycline Ceftriaxone, Chloramphenicol and Gentamycin, were tested by the disc diffusion method, and by measuring zones of inhibition, shows that the highest activity of antibiotic ag antibiotic and the lowest activity was due to the action of Tetracycline, the highest inhibition zone among the bacteria by antibiotic against Salmonella typhimurium and the lower inhibiti against Bacillus cereus, all Aqueous and alcoholic leaf extract of Moringa have high activity against Escherichia coli, .so that there was no different between antibiotic and Moringa leaf extract against Escherichia coli and Bacillus cereus in thi

journal of medical science and clinical research, 2015

This study focused on the antimicrobial activity of alcohol (ethanol) and aqueous extracts of Moringa olifera seed and leaf on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The ethanol and aqueous extracts of the seed and leaf at concentration of 10g/100ml and the diluted ethanol and aqueous extracts at concentration of 0.1g/ml, 0.2g/ml, 0.4g/ml, 0.6g/ml and 0.8g/ml were impregnated into sterilized filter paper discs. Also, ethanol alone was impregnated into sterilized filter paper discs and use as control. Agar disc diffusion method was adopted to obtain zones of inhibition. The zones of inhibition obtained for ethanol extract of Moringa olifera seed for Staphylococcus aureus was 12mm, Escherichia coli was 13mm and Pseudomonas aerucginora was 10mm. The ethanol extract of Moringa olifera leaf gave an inhibitory zone of 11mm for Staphylococcus aureus, 10mm for Escherichia coli, 9mm for Pseudomonas aeniginosa .Different degrees of inhibition was observed for the ...

Plants have been reported to contain important preventative and curative compounds. Studies were conducted to determine the antimicrobial activities of Moringa oleifera extracts using in vitro antimicrobial screening methods. The acetone extract of M. oleifera leaves at a concentration of 5 mg/ml showed antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloace, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and Micrococcus kristinae. M. kristinae was the most susceptible as its growth was inhibited at 0.5 mg/ml. On the other hand, M. oleifera acetone extract did not exhibit any inhibition on Streptococcus faecalis, Bacillus pumilus, Klebsiela pneumonia, Bacillus cereus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The acetone extract was bactericidal on E. coli and M. kristinae. It was also bacteriostatic on S. aureus, E. cloace and P. vulgaris. However, the water extract showed no activity at the highest concentration (5 mg/ml) tested. Furthermore, both the acetone and aqueous extracts did not exhibit any antifungal activity against the fungal species of Candida albicans, Pennicillium notatum, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger even at the highest concentration of 10 mg/ml. The ability of acetone extract to inhibit the growth of some strains of bacteria is an indication of its antibacterial potential which may be employed in the management of microbial infections.

https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.4_Issue.4_April2017/Abstract_IJRR002.html, 2017

Phytochemicals investigation and Antimicrobial activities of water and methanol extracts of Moringa Oleifera leaf were investigated in an attempt to evaluate its antimicrobial potentials. The inhibition was determined using Ditch method against four selected bacterial species and three fungal species. The phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycoside, saponin, steroids, tannins and volatile oil. Both water and methanol extracts showed highest antifungal activity against S. cerevisiae with zones of inhibition of 9, 12 and 14 mm at the concentration of 60, 90 and 120 mg/ml respectively in water extract; and inhibition zones of 11, 15, 16 and 18 mm at the concentration of 30, 60, 90 and 120 mg/ml respectively in methanol leaves extract of M. oleifera. A flavus on the other hand was the resistant fungal species to the M. Oleifera extracts showing no visible zone of inhibition in water extract; and exhibiting inhibition in methanol with 7 and 9.5 mm zones of inhibition at 90 and 120 mg/ml respectively. The antifungal standard drug ketoconazole exhibited highest activity against C. albicans with 19 mm zone of inhibition, followed by S. cerevisiae 15 mm zone of inhibition. In methanol extracts against Pseudomonas aeruginosa shows the highest inhibition of 15.00 mm at the highest concentration (120mg/ml), while Escherichia coli and Micrococcus species had 14.00 mm and Staphylococcus aureus with least inhibition of 8.33mm at the lowest concentration (30mg/ml). The zones of inhibition of tetracycline on test bacteria showed that P. aeruginosa was the most susceptible with the diameter of 21 mm, followed by S. aureus with 20 mm. The results obtained provide a support for the utilization of this plant in traditional medicine and recommend its further investigation of it phytochemicals.

The hydroalcoholic extracts of Moringa oleifera leaf was examined using a standard antimicrobial disk diffusion method to assess the antibacterial activity and to determine zone of inhibition. Extract was tested against two bacterial strains of Gram positive bacteria-Bacillus subtilis, and Staphylococcus aureus. The antimicrobial study of leaves of Moringa oleifera was evaluated for potential antibacterial activity against medically important bacterial strains. For antibacterial activity zone of inhibition of extracts were compared with that of different standards. The results showed that the remarkable inhibition of the bacterial growth against the tested organisms. The phytochemical analyses of the plants were carried out. The microbial activity of the Moringa oleifera was due to the presence of various secondary metabolites found as a result of phytochemical analysis. Hence, the plant can be used to cure some common infectious diseases.

This study aimed at evaluating the health benefits of popular Moringa oleifera leaf. The aqueous and methanolic extracts of the leaf at two different concentrations (1:1 and 1:2) was used to determine the phytochemical screening and its antibacterial activity. Escherichia coli, Streptococcus pneumonia and Staphlococcus aureus were used in this study, applying agar diffusion methods. The phytochemical screening indicated presence of secondary metabolites such as alkaloid, flavonoids, anthraquinones, tannins and phenol in both extracts making it to have antibacterial potentials. Both extract showed remarkable activity against the growth of the selected bacteria; nevertheless, the methanol extract had more antibacterial activity than the water extract, more so the extracts were discovered to be more active at higher concentration. The water extract was not active at low concentration, that is 1:1 but had diameter zone of inhibition of 10 mm each for 1:2 concentration. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) that inhibits these bacterial ranged between 1:4 and 1:16 and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) that kills the growth of the bacterial isolates completely was 1:16. The result of this study showed that M. oleifera could be a valuable antibacterial drug in the treatment of infections caused by the test organisms.

International journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014

Objective: The antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera (Lam.) Leaves extract belonging to the family Moringaceae, was determined using agar well diffusion method against some selected bacteria. Methods: Mueller Hinton Agar (MHA) (Becton Dicknson M. D USA), media was prepared according to the manufacturer's instruction. Sterile Mueller Hinton agar plates were inoculated with the test culture by surface spreading using sterile wire loops and each bacterium evenly spread on the entire surface of the plate to obtain uniformity of the inoculum. Concentrations of 30, 60, 90 and 120mg/ml prepared from the dry leaves powder were used for antibacterial analysis using agar well incorporation methods. Plates of Mueller hinton agar were prepared and allowed to solidify on Petri dishes. Each plate was then seeded with a test bacterium. Four holes were made in each of the plate with a sterile 2.0 mm diameter cork borers. Each of the four holes was filled with a given concentration of the extract mixed with plane sterile agar. The plates were then incubated at 37°c for 24 hours. The diameters of zones of inhibition were measured using a meter rule and the mean value for each organism was recorded. Results: The aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts of the plant leaves show an inhibitory effect on the growth of the tested bacteria. For aqueous, ethanol and methanol extracts, the inhibitory effect on Escherichia coli was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. In addition, both ethanol and methanol extract showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) inhibitory effect at higher concentration of 120mg/ml. Conclusion: The powder from the leaves of Moringa show potential antibacterial activity against the tested gram positive bacteria; Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacteria i. e. Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Water, 2018

Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) is a fast-growing, drought-resistant plant found throughout tropical and subtropical regions. A previous study found dry M. oleifera leaf powder to be similarly efficacious to non-medicated soap when used as a hand-wash, even without the use of water. These characteristics suggest that M. oleifera could serve as a potential hand-washing product in water and resource-limited contexts, such as humanitarian and emergency settings. The purpose of this study was to assess the efficacy of minimally processed M. oleifera sourced locally in Ghana as a hand-washing and antimicrobial product by assessing whether: (1) different preparations of M. oleifera have antibacterial properties against potential diarrheal pathogens through set-up of die-off studies; (2) M. oleifera is an effective hand-washing product by conducting an in-vivo trial with healthy volunteers; and (3) M. oleifera has antimicrobial properties in potentially reusable aqueous solutions, such as r...