OREA Annual Report 2017

The annual report of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) includes short descriptions of the research groups' work during the year 2016. These scientific activities cover a wide range from Paleolithic to Late Bronze Age and early historical periods from the Middle East and Mediterranean to the Balkans and central Europe. The results from various field works and scientific analyses are summarized, a list of all publications at the end are providing the reader with further literature. The main research activities and initiatives of the OREA institute are presented including an overview map with all projects. The institutes’ journals and publication series appeared in 2016 are presented as well.

The annual report of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) includes short descriptions of the research groups' work during the year 2015. These scientific activities cover a wide range from Paleolithic to Late Bronze Age and early historical periods from the Middle East and Mediterranean to central Europe. The results from various field works and scientific analyses are summarized, a list of all publications at the end are providing the reader with further literature. The main research activities and initiatives of the OREA institute are presented including an overview map with all projects. The institutes’ journals and publication series appeared in 2015 are presented as well.

2018

The annual report of the Institute for Oriental and European Archaeology (OREA) includes short descriptions of the research groups' work during the year. These scientific activities cover a wide range from Paleolithic to Late Bronze Age and early historical periods from the Middle East and Mediterranean to central Europe. The results from various field works and scientific analyses are summarized, a list of all publications at the end are providing the reader with further literature. The main research activities and initiatives of the OREA institute are presented.

STATE OF THE HUNGARIAN BRONZE AGE RESEARCH Proceedings of the conference held between 17th and 18th of December 2014, 2017

Due to their geographical location and diverse network of contacts, the Bronze Age sites of Hungary, located in the central part of the Carpathian Basin, have long enjoyed great international research interest. Over the past two decades, significant changes have taken place in the research of the Hungarian Bronze Age. The number of studied sites has multiplied, and the size of the studied surfaces has increased spectacularly since the 1990’s. At the same time, an increase in the number of archaeologists studying this period is also observable: nearly 30–40 Hungarian scholars are specialized in Bronze Age by now. Consequently, the amount of available information for this period has also changed remarkably. It is questionable, however, whether the depth and complexity of our knowledge of Bronze Age of Hungary has followed the increase of basic data concerning it. The vast majority of the most recent, outstanding finds and the sites discovered through large-scale excavations is yet unpublished. Apart from a few exceptions, no synthesizing works have been written, and even educational papers effectively mediating scientific results to basic and secondary-level education or to the interested public are also absent. The purpose of the conference in 2014, organized by the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, together with the Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Eötvös Loránd University was to address and challenge the entire Hungarian Bronze Age research. A dialogue like this – spanning generations and schools – creates an opportunity to summarize our results achieved by now, and for the joint discussion of possible new ways and directions to be followed in the future. We hope that this volume may contribute to forming a realistic picture of the current state of research in this period, to direct our attention towards new efforts, as well as to provide a collegial and friendly framework to the discovery of nearly two millennia of the Bronze Age. We would like to thank all the Authors of this volume for their work and patience. The manuscripts were decisively completed between 2015 and 2017. The Editors would like to thank Ágnes Király, Eszter Melis and Borbála Nyíri for improving our work by their care of the visual and linguistic material during the preparation period. Special thanks to our typesetter, Zsolt Gembela, without whose competent work this volume would never have been completed. The publication of this volume was supported by the Institute of Archaeological Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, Eötvös Loránd University, the Institute of Archaeology, Research Centre for the Humanities, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, the Momentum Mobility Research Group and the National Cultural Fund of Hungary.

2002

During the excavation of Kut Abu Zied in El-Mansouria area, Giza (1988-89), a number of anthropoid wooden coffins dating back to the late period were discovered and later on transferred to the Giza Archaeological stores. A fine plaster covered all the details of these wooden coffins. The decorations of this plaster layer were composed of a collar, seweret, eye panel and several columns of text and painted with different colour. Four anthropoid wooden coffins from the group of coffins that had been discovered were chosen for this study, which were registered under no 480, 482, 483, 485 respectively, in the archaeological stores of Giza. The coffins are closed and still contain the mummies. They were badly weakened and covered with dirt, they have many cracks in the headdress area, the sides and in the foot parts. Plaster layers are separating from the substrate along the foot end and on the side of the face. Coffin no 482 was broken into several pieces and has many cracks in all the ...

I. Kaić, M. Cvetko, H. Tomas (eds.), Proceedings of the 1st and 2nd International Doctoral Student Conference on Archaeology (IDSCA), Zagreb 2021., 2021

U zborniku su prikazani rezultati istraživanja vezanih uz teme doktorskih radova autora koji su 2015. i 2018. godine sudjelovali na međunarodnom skupu International Doctoral Student Conference on Archaeology (IDSCA). Skupove je organizirao Arheološki zavod Odsjeka za arheologiju Filozofskog fakulteta Sveučilišta u Zagrebu.

For a long while, the scope of scientific testing of bronze artefacts was limited, with studies focused primarily on the composition, the ratio of alloying agents and impurities, and the presence of trace elements in archaeological objects. From the 1960s, as the technique of spectral (Optical Emission Spectroscopy) analysis became widely available, tens of thousands of objects were sampled (Schubert & Schubert 1963, 1967), but metallographic analyses and the investigations concerning the microstructure were only carried out in a few cases (Szegedy 1954; 1957; Mozsolics & Hegedűs 1963). Despite this, by the direct application of measurements, serious historical and archaeological conclusions were drawn, in relation to raw material sources and metallurgical centres for Bronze Age Europe. As the metallographic thin-sections prepared from prehistoric bronze objects demonstrate, the majority of archaeological bronze artifacts are heterogenous in structure, or even inhomogenous. For this reason, the outcomes of scientific tests must be carried out with the understanding of microstructure in order to interpret the measurements within safe limits. Only scientifically accurate data can be used to draw archaeological-historical conclusions. Kivonat A bronztárgyak vizsgálata során a kutatás hosszú ideig csak a régészeti tárgyak anyagának összetételére, az ötvöző és szennyezőanyagok arányára, a különböző nyomelemek jelenlétére volt kíváncsi. Az 1960-as évektől széles körben elérhető spektrumanalízis (optikai emissziós spektrometria) elvégzéséhez tárgyak tízezreiből vettek mintát, de ehhez képest csak elenyésző esetben készítettek csiszolatokat, vizsgálták meg az anyagösszetétel mellett a szövetszerkezetet is. Ennek ellenére jellemzően a mérési eredmények közvetlen átvételével jelentős, történeti-régészeti szempontú következtetéseket vontak le pl. az európai bronzkori nyersanyaglelőhelyekkel, kohászati központokkal kapcsolatban. Az újabban vizsgált bronztárgyak csiszolati képéből látható, a régészeti bronztárgyak többségének szerkezete heterogén, sőt gyakran inhomogén is. Ezért a műszeres mérések adatait alapvetően a szövetszerkezet ismeretében lehet biztonsággal értelmezni, és a hitelesen vizsgált és értékelt adatokból lehet valós régészeti-történeti következtetéseket levonni.

Settlements Features Our research area is located in Central South Anatolia Plateau. At now Konya-Karaman provincies are situated on. In ancient period Konya-Karaman area was divided into seven different regions. 1.Akşehir, Tuzlukçu, Ilgın, Doğanhisar, Kadınhanı, Sarayönü, Altınekin, (Also most of the Phrygia Paroreus region) . 2.Yunak, Çeltik, Kulu, Cihanbeyli (places belonging to Galatia and Lykaonia) . 3.Selçuklu, Karatay, Meram, Çumra, Akören, Derbent, (Lykaonia and its surrounding) . 4.Karapınar, Emirgazi, Ereğli, Halkapınar (Cappadocia-Tyanitis region) . 5.Beyşehir, Derebucak, Seydişehir, Höyük (East side of the Pisidia region) . 6.Bozkır, Ahırlı, Hadim, Taşkent, Güneysınır, Yalıhöyük (Isauria) . 7.Karaman and the vicinity (East side of the Lykaonia region) . In these seven different regions the Chalcolithic Age is concentrated with 46.9 % (39 settlements) in region 1; EBA with 72.2% (13 settlements) in region 2; MBA with 40% (6 settlements) in region 5; LBA with 43.3% (36 settlements) in region 1; EIA with 5.6 % (6 settlements) in region 3. LBA appears moderately in the region. Settlements dating to this period are 32.9 % (92 settlements). Also one of three settlements have LBA levels. Region 1 with 36 LBA culture levels (43.3%), is the region where this period is concentrated. The EIA culture, is the weakest culture in the area (2.8 %, 8 settlements). The region 3 is the place with most EIA settlements (six settlements. Selçuklu, Karatay, Meram, Çumra, Akören, Derbent). In this region, seven of eight settlements with EIA culture levels (87.5 %) have been founded on LBA levels. Also there is no break in transition from LBA to EIA.

The annual panel UK-Gespräche – “Get Together” will in this year focus on the metallurgy of the Middle and Late Bronze Age in the area of the Urnfield Culture and contemporary cultural phenomena in Europe. Starting from the ongoing project “Bronze Age metallurgy in western and central Balkans“ of the host institute OREA in cooperation with the Institute for Archaeological Science (VIAS) of the University Vienna, the aim of the workshop is to pool experts working on different aspects of copper mining and copper metallurgy, including ore processing, casting, distribution of raw metals and ingots as well as use and function of the metal objects. A special interest lies on the social and environmental impact of metallurgical activities. Furthermore the establishment of relations between Bronze Age communities based on the exchange of raw material and metal products is in the focus. The program of the workshop will include a wide range of regional studies as well as region-spanning contributions dealing with specific topics. The final objective is to gain a better understanding of the technological and social processes that led to the interweaving of the metallurgical know-how across the different Urnfield Culture societies in Europe. The event is free, but space is limited. For more information and to register, please contact [email protected].