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The Challenge of Translation

Abstract

In the new official translation of the current edition of the Roman Missal, without the National Propers for Ireland, there are 210,873 words, according to my computer. In the Latin from which it was translated, there are 187,747 words. The English has about 10% more words. The translation is an awesome task, not made easier by the fact that it is from a dead language to a language which is living and changing. The genius of gifted translation is that the gifts of expression of the second language can become a new revelation of meaning springing from the original language. The task is all the more challenging because of the aim to convey not just the meanings of words and sentences, but also a sense of the allusions to Scripture and to the traditions of Christianity. We need to find words to express a sense of the mystery and awe which are so much an integral element of the mystery of a loving God revealed in the Word made flesh. Finally, we need words which, as Liturgiam Authenticam (the official Vatican guide to liturgical translation) states, will be " evident and comprehensible even to the faithful who lack any special intellectual formation, the translations should be characterized by a kind of language which is easily understandable, yet which at the same time preserves these texts' dignity, beauty, and doctrinal precision. " (Paragraph 25) No translation is ever perfect. The current translation, dating from 1973, did a remarkable job in a relatively short time for the English-speaking church in many parts of the world. It aimed to express meaning without strict word for word equivalenc;, but it also lost some of the richness of the Latin text. I have been asking myself: is this new translation more successful? It does restore some of the lost richness. Yet, sadly, in my view this is not the translation we need. Liturgiam Authenticam insists that " the original text , insofar as possible, must be translated integrally and in the most exact manner, without omissions or additions in terms of their content, and without paraphrases or glosses. " (20) It also insists on maintaining the syntax of Latin " as completely as possible in a manner appropriate to the vernacular language. " (57) A doctrinaire rigidity in applying these principles causes major pastoral problems.