TESIS COMERCIO EXTERIOR

Nueva Ley publicada en el Diario Oficial de la Federación el 27 de julio de 1993 TEXTO VIGENTE Última reforma publicada DOF 21-12-2006 Al margen un sello con el Escudo Nacional, que dice: Estados Unidos Mexicanos.-Presidencia de la República. CARLOS SALINAS DE GORTARI, Presidente Constitucional de los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, a sus habitantes sabed: Que el H. Congreso de la Unión, se ha servido dirigirme el siguiente DECRETO "EL CONGRESO DE LOS ESTADOS UNIDOS MEXICANOS, D E C R E T A:

El caduceo es el símbolo del comercio.

Accesión Aduanera: Incorporación de un Estado al territorio aduanero de otro. ACE Acuerdo de Complementación Económica. Son aquellos convenios suscritos entre países y que están preferentemente orientados a eliminar restricciones que distorsionan y afectan negativamente el intercambio comercial y las inversiones entre ellos. ACP: Países de África, Caribe y Pacífico.

Es interesante y sobre todonecesario,analizar los fenómenos económicos que ocurren en ciertas regiones, ya que determinan, de una manera u otra, desde la simple subsistencia de una población, hasta el desarrollo económico de una entidad, de una región, o inclusive, de unpaís. Un caso específicoocurre en la localidad de Querobabi, municipio de Opodepe, en el Estado de Sonora, la cual con la producción de ladrillo, ha desarrollado una tradición productiva de supervivencia de la comunidad a lo largo de 50 años, como consecuencia, primero, de la crisis económica por la que pasó la población con el cierre de una de sus principales fuentes de ingreso, que erala estación del ferrocarril, y segundo, como resultado del esfuerzo organizativo de la población para cultivar y mantener esta actividad económica durante más de medio siglo.

En el circuito del comercio exterior podemos observar: el movimiento o flujo de las mercaderías, de la información (documentación), de los fondos; el accionar de los auxiliares del comercio, del Servicio Aduanero y también -en ciertas ocasiones-la intervención de otros organismos de control.

A third part of the species world trade is established as illegal traffic. Colombia, a megadiverse country, counts with big problems about control of the species traffic due to the few available data about extraction and commercialization and the few resources that the environmental authorities have, this is why there are few information available in the matter and it would be underestimate the impact of this activity at the regional, national and international level. The aim of the study was to determine the wildlife trade dynamics in the Tolima state and its relation with the species international trade; the Tolima is located in a strategic part of the Andes, it has a high number of fauna species and it has a high rate of unemployment (15.9%). Because of these topics, the region would present intensification in the utilization of this resource. In spite of the previously mentioned, in the state there are not studies about species traffic, there is only information about confiscations and it is not been centralized in a database. For these reasons, there was compiled secondary information about legal and illegal trade in the Tolima, and information corresponding to the international trade available in the CITES trade database and It was created a database about wildlife trade in the state. Additional, surveys were realized in the centers of collection of the principal towns of the region, it was determinate there are 160 commercialized species of wild fauna between 2005-2007 and 2009-2010, the species are from the Tolima, other states of Colombia and other countries. 61% belongs to the Aves class, principally to the Psittacidae family, 23% to the Mammalia class, 14% to the Reptilia class and 2% to the Gastropoda and Arachnida classes; the majorities are used as pets. About the illegal traffic, the species mainly seized were Brotogeris jugularis, Forpus conspicillatus and Amazona ochrocephala and the most traded species were B. jugularis (in 52% of the towns) and A. ochrocephala. 83% of the evaluated towns have illegal traffic, being Chaparral the town which commercializes the majority of species. About the legal trade, Tolima has only one company for captive breeding of Caiman crocodilus fuscus called Nelly Sierra. About the international trade, there was 3 species more affected by the local and international trade; C. crocodilus fuscus, Boa constrictor and Iguana iguana, being the last one the priority species for international trade control due to the reduction of its export quotas, the illegal origin, and the limited number of captive breed companies. According to that, 11 species were established as priority for the regulation and control of the traffic in the region, being outlined B. jugularis, A. ochrocephala and Aotus lemurinus. The present study constitutes the first boarding about the Tolima wildlife traffic, estimating the trade dynamics at regional level and its relation with the international trade, centralizing the information in a database and establishing priority species for the traffic regulation and control.

Investigación sobre el negocio Venta Directa en Argentina.

Coordinador de Seminario: Msc. Carlos Molina. MARZO 2016. SAN SALVADOR EL SALVADOR CENTROAMÉRICA AGRADECIMIENTOS.