Artículo de Revisión Palabras clave

2003

El estrés oxidativo describe un estado de daño causado por las especies reactivas de oxígeno (EROs). Estas representan un tipo de moléculas que derivan del metabolismo del oxígeno y existen en todos los organismos aeróbicos. La mayoría son de origen endógeno y son subproductos de reacciones normales y esenciales, como la generación de energía mitocondrial y las reacciones de detoxificación catalizadas por el sistema P450. Entre los factores externos se incluyen las infecciones por bacterias, hongos y virus.

Revista médica de Chile, 2020

This paper summarizes the main features of review articles in medical topics. Articles can be classified as narrative reviews, systematic reviews or meta-analysis. Narrative reviews are appropriate to update etiology, pathophysiology or clinical aspects of diseases, and advances in basic and preclinical sciences. In systematic reviews the authors define its purpose, limit its scope, describe the literature search, define the inclusion and exclusion criteria adopted to select primary studies, and the criteria applied to assess the quality of their results and conclusions. Meta-analysis are quantitative, statistically analysed systematic reviews that consider mainly primary studies conducted prospectively with simultaneous randomized controls, pooling the data obtained from each of these primary studies in order to get a single estimate of effect. Systematic analysis and meta-analysis are important to evaluate new diagnostic and therapeutic tools, and they are most relevant to evidence-based medicine, mainly for the design of clinical guidelines and the adoption of new health care policies. Review articles published in Revista Médica de Chile were compared in one or two-year periods separated by ten years in between: in the "2001 period" 26 reviews were all narrative; in the "2010 period" 30 reviews were narrative and another 4 were systematic reviews; in the "2019 period" 14 reviews were narrative and another 7 were systematic reviews. No meta-analysis had been published in these periods, in this journal. Meta-analysis including primary studies performed in Chile by Chilean investigators have been published in English language in other medical journals. The educational and professional role of review articles is recognised, with a word of caution on a strict adherence to ethical rules adopted by scientific and clinical publications, mainly with respect to authorship and potential conflicts of interest.

2010

Revista Cubana de …, 2008

The present objectives of universalization of the academic and research formation for earning scientific degrees in the health care sector are added to the universalization processes of the Cuban medical education. At the same time, they respond to the need of this sector to give solution to the health problems with the help of scientific methods. The current scenarios of the primary and secondary care are real teaching and research settings that allow attaining this goal of the medical university. Universalization of PhD. formation in the health care area is encouraged by the political willingness of the Cuban state, the Commander-in-Chief´s thinking, who has stated that we are called upon to reach high performance in health services, which has been shown by health professionals in the country and in all the internationalist missions. This paper presented the Ministry of Public Health strategy with a view to expanding the formation of PhDs. and showed the results of one of the areas, that is, PhD. in health sciences as an example of the work that is being carried out throughout the country.

2009

2003

Cutaneous tuberculosis is a chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It's presented as a disease with several clinical features that depends on the balance between the inoculation of the bacillus into the skin and inmunological response of the patient. Recently it has been focussed the attention over this disease because the emerging and increased incidence that causes a Public health problem especially in the low economic group. In this article it's made a complete review about the topic.

Revisión de artículo sobre granulado vía húmeda

En los últimos años se ha documentado una disminución en la cobertura de vacunación en todo el mundo por causas complejas y diversas dando como resultado el resurgimiento de enfermedades infecciosas. En 2017 se presentaron 173 330 casos confirmados de sarampión en 183 países; en México solo se han reportado veinte casos, asociados a importación. En 2019 se cumplieron 28 años de la eliminación de la poliomielitis en América; actualmente ha habido brotes en 21 países y el virus es endémico en Nigeria, Afganistán y Pakistán. También se han registrado dos epidemias de tosferina en los Estados Unidos (2010 y 2014) y en México se notificaron 314 casos. Todo lo anterior podría explicarse en parte por el movimiento antivacunas, definido como el rechazo de la vacuna a pesar de su disponibilidad, surgido tras una investigación publicada en Lancet por Wakefield y cols, en el que se asociaba la vacuna triple viral con el autismo. Lancet lo retiró poniendo en duda esas conclusiones, esa investigación se considera uno de los mayores fraudes científicos de la historia, que propició una caída en las tasas de vacunación. Múltiples estudios han refutado el argumento antivacuna como la demostración de una disminución de la morbilidad y mortalidad por el uso de vacunas en un 92% y 99%, respectivamente. Es necesario utilizar estrategias científicamente respaldadas para impedir el crecimiento de este fenómeno. El movimiento antivacunas ha derivado también en diversos planteamientos éticos, como si la inmunización de los niños debe ser obligatoria, entre otros.