Swarm Intelligence: Past, Present and Future

Computational Collective Intelligence. Technologies and Applications, 2011

Swarm intelligence (SI) is based on collective behavior of selforganized systems. Typical swarm intelligence schemes include Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Ant Colony System (ACS), Stochastic Diffusion Search (SDS), Bacteria Foraging (BF), the Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and so on. Besides the applications to conventional optimization problems, SI can be used in controlling robots and unmanned vehicles, predicting social behaviors, enhancing the telecommunication and computer networks, etc. Indeed, the use of swarm optimization can be applied to a variety of fields in engineering and social sciences. In this paper, we review some popular algorithms in the field of swarm intelligence for problems of optimization. The overview and experiments of PSO, ACS, and ABC are given. Enhanced versions of these are also introduced. In addition, some comparisons are made between these algorithms.

2011

Swarm intelligence (SI) is generally to study the collective behaviour in a decentralized system which is made up by a population of simple individuals interacting locally with one another and with their environment. Such systems are often be found in nature, including bird flocking, ant colonies, particles in cloud, fish schooling, bacteria foraging, animal herding, honey bees, spiders, and sharks, just to name a few.

Studies in computational intelligence, 2022

With the rapid upliftment of technology, there has emerged a dire need to 'fine-tune' or 'optimize' certain processes, software, models or structures, with utmost accuracy and efficiency. Optimization algorithms are preferred over other methods of optimization through experimentation or simulation, for their generic problem-solving abilities and promising efficacy with the least human intervention. In recent times, the inducement of natural phenomena into algorithm design has immensely triggered the efficiency of optimization process for even complex multi-dimensional, non-continuous, non-differentiable and noisy problem search spaces. This chapter deals with the Swarm intelligence (SI) based algorithms or Swarm Optimization Algorithms, which are a subset of the greater Nature Inspired Optimization Algorithms (NIOAs). Swarm intelligence involves the collective study of individuals and their mutual interactions leading to intelligent behavior of the swarm. The chapter presents various population-based SI algorithms, their fundamental structures along with their mathematical models.

Encyclopedia of Information Science and Technology, Third Edition

2006

Swarm Intelligence (SI) is an innovative distributed intelligent paradigm for solving optimization problems that originally took its inspiration from the biological examples by swarming, flocking and herding phenomena in vertebrates. Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) incorporates swarming behaviors observed in flocks of birds, schools of fish, or swarms of bees, and even human social behavior, from which the idea is emerged [14, 7, 22].

2015

In the past two decades, Swarm Intelligence (SI)-based optimization techniques have drawn the attention of many researchers for finding an efficient solution to optimization problems. Swarm intelligence techniques are characterized by their decentralized way of working that mimics the behavior of colony of ants, swarm of bees, flock of birds, or school of fishes. Algorithmic simplicity and effectiveness of swarm intelligence techniques have made it a powerful tool for solving global optimization problems. Simulation studies of the graceful, but unpredictable, choreography of bird flocks led to the design of the particle swarm optimization algorithm. Studies of the foraging behavior of ants resulted in the development of ant colony optimization algorithm. This chapter provides insight into swarm intelligence techniques, specifically particle swarm optimization and its variants. The objective of this chapter is twofold: First, it describes how swarm intelligence techniques are employe...

2019

The paper explores Swarm Optimization and its application on different field. Here, an attempt has been made to achieve the inline relationship between the Swarm Optimization and Genetic Algorithm. We have worked to solve the problems related to optimization using those various algorithms. In this paper, we have provided solution to minimize the population of different colonies especially using cost functions.

Swarm intelligence (SI) represents the collective behavior of decentralized, self-organized systems. SI systems consist typically of a population of simple agents that interact locally with one another and with their environment. The inspiration of SI originates from biological systems. The agents follow very simple rules, and although there is no centralized control structure dictating how individual agents should behave, local, and to a certain degree random, interactions between such agents lead to the emergence of intelligence, unknown to the individual agents. Natural examples of SI include ant colonies, bird flocking, animal herding, bacterial growth, and fish schooling. Besides the applications to conventional optimization problems, SI is employed in various fields such as library materials acquisition, communications, medical dataset classification, dynamic control, heating system planning, moving objects tracking, pattern recognition, and statistical prediction.

2003

Swarm Intelligence (SI) is a relatively new paradigm being applied in a host of research settings to improve the management and control of large numbers of interacting entities such as communication, computer and sensor networks, satellite constellations and more. Attempts to take advantage of this paradigm and mimic the behavior of insect swarms however often lead to many different implementations of SI. The rather vague notions of what constitutes self-organized behavior lead to rather ad hoc approaches that make it difficult to ascertain just what SI is, assess its true potential and more fully take advantage of it. This article provides a set of general principles for SI research and development. A precise definition of self-organized behavior is described and provides the basis for a more axiomatic and logical approach to research and development as opposed to the more prevalent ad hoc approach in using SI concepts. The concept of Pareto optimality is utilized to capture the notions of efficiency and adaptability. A new concept, Scale Invariant Pareto Optimality is described and entails symmetry relationships and scale invariance where Pareto optimality is preserved under changes in system states. This provides a mathematical way to describe efficient tradeoffs of efficiency between different scales and further, mathematically captures the notion of the graceful degradation of performance so often sought in complex systems.

Many optimization algorithms have been developed by drawing inspiration from swarm intelligence (SI). These SI-based algorithms can have some advantages over traditional algorithms. In this paper, we carry out a critical analysis of these SI-based algorithms by analyzing their ways to mimic evolutionary operators. We also analyze the ways of achieving exploration and exploitation in algorithms by using mutation, crossover and selection. In addition, we also look at algorithms using dynamic systems , self-organization and Markov chain framework. Finally, we provide some discussions and topics for further research.