Cities as Engines of Inclusive Development

2014

2015

Urban areas in India are currently imagined as growth engines which will generate a surplus that can be invested in redistribution schemes targeting the rural and urban poor. To achieve growth that can be sustained over the medium and long term, an explicit focus on employment is required along with growth. A labour intensive growth pathway is essential to create opportunities for our large, unskilled workforce, and to allow India to simultaneously achieve output growth as well as poverty reduction.

Policy Research Working Papers, 2018

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

Journal of Global Initiatives, 2018

India is considered as a low-level urbanized country. However, the country has experienced a sharp increase in the number of towns and peri-urban areas during the last decade. Despite India's efforts in planned development, the urban sector has generally remained unplanned and chaotic. It appears that policy interventions have not been able to achieve the desired goals and needs of the urban sector fully. This paper examines the urban policy measures taken since independence and highlights the inadequacies and dilemmas in the urban context of India. This analysis shows how metropolitan areas are spreading outwards due to shifts in population and economic activities from city cores to the peripheries and considers the policy implications of such trends.

Environment and Urbanization ASIA

Urban poverty in most of the developing world is considered a spillover of rural poverty. With increasing pace of development in these countries, urban settlements are assimilating migrants searching for better livelihood opportunities and who could be vulnerable and poor in the urban settlements. This article empirically assesses the levels of urban poverty in India at the disaggregated level and examines how recent growth episode has impacted poverty reduction. This article finds that growth in general has been reducing poverty, but its effect in reducing poverty over different geographical domain has not been uniform. We find that rising inequality is playing a significant role in differential reduction of urban poverty in India and in its states.

, http://www.euroasiapub.org (An open access scholarly, peer-reviewed, interdisciplinary, monthly, and fully refereed journal.) ABSTRACT With rapid growth of industrialization, population migrating from rural areas to urban areas has been showing a significant increase. Simultaneously, urbanization has also grown with it. It is being known that population residing in urban areas in India, according to 1901 census, was 11.4% which is now crossing 30% as per 2011 census standing at 31.16% and is expected that India along with China, Indonesia, Nigeria and United States, will lead the world's urban population surge by 2050 according to World Bank. On the other hand, Poverty in India is widespread, with the nation estimated to have a third of the world's poor. It was only in seventh five year plan onwards that issues relating to urban poverty were taken into consideration. Since urban areas attract people in terms of livelihood opportunities, it gives birth to various considerable issues regarding economic development, demographic changes and the policy making in the country. Therefore the following paper would focus upon the economic implication of urbanization on urban poverty in India.

Gujarat Institute of Development Research eBooks, 2002

This paper analyses the pattern of growth observed in the city economy of Ahmedabad, a metropolitan city in the industrially developed state of Gujarat. The growth of this city is placed in the context of the overall performance of growth of output, employment and poverty in the Indian economy and that of Gujarat state. The study showed that in 1997-98, the city generated employment of 1.5 million workers and income of Rs. 60,130 million. About 77 percent of this employment and 47 percent of the incomes were generated in the informal economy. The informal workers were engaged mainly in trade, hotels and restaurants, transport and manufacturing sector.

World Development, 2017

The Policy Research Working Paper Series disseminates the findings of work in progress to encourage the exchange of ideas about development issues. An objective of the series is to get the findings out quickly, even if the presentations are less than fully polished. The papers carry the names of the authors and should be cited accordingly. The findings, interpretations, and conclusions expressed in this paper are entirely those of the authors. They do not necessarily represent the views of the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank and its affiliated organizations, or those of the Executive Directors of the World Bank or the governments they represent.

Asia-Pacific Population Journal

In recent years, there has been a change in the thinking of policymakers about urbanization in India. In the Eleventh Fiveyear Plan (2007-2012), it is argued that urbanization should be seen as a positive factor in overall development, as the urban sector contributes about 65 per cent of GDP. There is also a growing realization that an ambitious goal of 9-10 per cent annual growth in GDP depends fundamentally upon a vibrant urban sector. As India is implementing its Twelfth Five-year Plan (2012Plan ( -2017)), the urban transition is considered to be one of its major challenges, requiring a massive expansion in urban infrastructure and services. Against this backdrop, the results of the 2011 census assume enormous significance in enhancing understanding of the magnitude, growth and interstate variations in the levels and rate of urbanization. Urbanization has increased faster than had been expected according to the 2011 census. This has reversed the declining rate of urbanization witnessed during the 1980s and 1990s. Also, for the first time since independence, the absolute increase in the urban population was higher than that in the rural population. In this article an attempt has been made to study the trends, patterns and components of urban population growth in the light of the results of the 2011 census.

Review of Urban & Regional Development Studies, 2010

To investigate what determines urban population and economic growth, the determinants of urban population growth and economic output in India are examined empirically. City growth and economic output regressions are estimated using several approaches. Since only growing areas are usually designated as towns, the urban population of districts that are larger geographical areas than cities are estimated. It is found that, at the district level, manufacturing has a positive impact on city size, and proximity to large cities causes nearby cities to be larger, reflecting agglomeration effects. 1 These, being called as 'million-plus' cities, are at the apex of the urban hierarchy in India. Below the million-plus cities, the Census of India's definition for various class sizes of cities is as follows: