Traditional navigation in e-Navigation context

Journal of Marine Science and Engineering

The global maritime digitalization reflects on navigation and paperless vessels with Paper Navigational Charts (PNC) nowadays superseded by Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS). Considering the system implementation and its acceptance as a sole navigational means, opinions of navigators differ. Although the ECDIS mandatory implementation ended in 2018, some navigators have been still favouring PNCs, pointing out their advantages over ECDIS navigation. These standpoints may have an impact on the safety of navigation in terms of acceptance, interpretation, and understanding of the system as well as on conflict of standpoints of decisive navigational ranks, the latter reason being found as one of the real problems. The presented study has focused on a specific period, soon after the transitional period completion, aiming to determine the views of traditional navigation advocates, their arguments in the present maritime navigation paperless era and to identify potenti...

The present situation in international shipping is characterized by rapid technological developments effecting the basic concepts of operating ships and even changing traditional paradigms of controlling ships. The e-Navigation concept developed by the International Maritime Organization (IMO) and the International Association of Marine Aids to Navigation and Lighthouse Authorities (IALA) and commonly defined as the "harmonized collection, integration, exchange, presentation and analysis of marine information on board and ashore by electronic means to enhance berth to berth navigation and related services for safety and security at sea and protection of the marine environment" [1] focuses on better and more comprehensive support of the human operators. However, modern Information and Communication technologies (ICT) are not only core to the implementation of the e-Navigation strategy but provide good foundation for automation of systems. The progressing digitalization further press ahead application of integrated and automated systems to steer even large seagoing ships. The manifold abilities of those technologies and companies looking for more cost-effective solutions are presenting autonomous navigation and unmanned shipping as soon to come. Taking this for granted, it will not happen that all ships will operate unmanned and autonomously. It is assumed that there will be periods when unmanned ships will operate together with unmanned either autonomous or remote controlled ships. Mixed traffic scenarios seem to be especially challenging in terms of the safety and efficiency of the vessel traffic flow. In this paper we present investigations and some first preliminary results of a simulation study which researched for the very first time traffic scenarios including conventional manned and future unmanned ships. Simulation trials have been planned, designed and implemented in order to study different equipment options for monitoring and remote controlling unmanned ships navigating in a coastal area covered by Vessel Traffic Services (VTS). In this pilot study first trials have been conducted with experienced seafarers and non-experienced personnel from the maritime domain. Indicators have been developed for purposes of analysis and comparison of different groups and equipment options. The outcome of these trials will be discussed in the light of evolutionary needs of operators working in control centers and requirements from human operators when remotely operating unmanned ships in areas with conventional traffic. Basic data for contributing to job profiles and training needs to be included in maritime training schemes will be introduced.

TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

The Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) became the central navigational tool on modern ships. The system comprises numerous navigational and other components, each of them with its limitations and reliability. Due to ECDIS's revolutionary features, navigators are tempted to place excessive reliance on the system. Such reliance on it as a sole navigational aid is undoubtedly a problematic issue. The proposed paper is a segment of a systematically carried out research among ECDIS stakeholders. ECDIS EHO (Experience, Handling, and Opinion) research aims through research activities based on a user-centred approach to develop and improve the educational framework. The overreliance on the ECDIS system motivated the proposed research, which focused on system users' opinions and practice regarding confirmation of the accuracy of information displayed on ECDIS, particularly concerning positional sensors. Analysis of answers collected by the ECDIS EHO questionnaire represents a backbone of the research supported by previous achievements. The answers have been categorized and discussed, revealing certain worrying aspects referring to the system's positional error experienced by users. Furthermore, preferred methods of cross-checking ECDIS information have been identified and have differed among respondents based on their rank on board. Additionally, answers indicate certain doubts between users' interpretation of the best confirmation method and the actual selection of the used method. The importance of cross-checking navigational data in avoiding overreliance and maintaining situational awareness has been presented in the conclusion chapter and the proposal for further work.

Dissertation , 2018

The research aimed to appraise the impact of ECDIS lack of standardisation on the safety of navigation. Four objectives determined to accomplish the aim:

TransNav, the International Journal on Marine Navigation and Safety of Sea Transportation

This article aims to investigate the contemporary challenges of electronic navigation and assess the appropriate amendments should autonomous vessel technology becomes widespread in the near future. Vessel control systems and maritime communication are essential and sending and receiving alarm signals is critical to contemporary ship navigation. Numerous location and shipping information systems, such as GPS, Loran-C, and Decca, have arisen in recent decades to improve navigational safety. Other systems, including VHF and Inmarsat, have been developed to enhance the efficiency of maritime communication on board and to transmit risk and safety-related data.

Green Innovations, 2014

The traditional approach to the study of human factors in the maritime field involves the analysis of accidents without considering human factor reliability analysis. The main approaches being used to analyze human errors are statistical approach and probability theory approach. Another suitable approach to the study of human factors in the maritime industry is the quasi-experimental field study where variations in performance (for example attention) can be observed as a function of natural variations in performance shaping factors. This chapter analyzes result of modelling for human error and human reliability emanating from the use of technology on board ship navigation in coastal water areas by using qualitative and quantitative tools. Accident reports from marine department are used as empirical material for quantitative analysis. The literature on safety is based on common themes of accidents, the influence of human error resulting from technology usage design, accident reports from MAIB, and interventions information are used for qualitative assessment. Human reliability assessment involves analysis of accidents in waterways emanating from human-technology factors. The chapter reports enhancement requirement of the methodological issues with previous research study, monitoring, and deduces recommendations for technology modification of the human factors necessary to improve maritime safety performance. The result presented can contribute to rule making and safety management leading to the development of guidelines and standards for human reliability risk management for ships navigating within inland and coastal waters.

African Journal of Business Management, 2012

The traditional approach to the study of human factors in the maritime field involves the analysis of accidents without considering human factors reliability analysis. The main approach being use to analyze human errors are statistical approach and probability theory approach. Another suitable approach to the study of human factors in the maritime industry is the quasi-experimental field study where variations in performance (for example attention) can be observed as a function of natural variations in performance shaping factors. This paper analyzes result of modeling human error and human reliability emanating from the use of technology on board ship navigation in coastal water area by using qualitative and quantitative tools. Accident reports from marine department are used as empirical material for quantitative analysis. The literature on safety is based on common themes of accidents, the influence of human error resulting from technology usage design, accident report from MAIB and interventions information are use for qualitative assessment. Human reliability assessment involves analysis of accident in waterways, emanating from human-technology factors interface. This paper report an enhancement requirement of the methodological issues with previous research study, monitoring and deduce recommendations for technology modification of the human factors necessary to improve maritime safety performance. The result presented can contribute to rule making, and safety management leading for development of guideline and standards for human reliability risk management for ship navigating within inland and coastal waters.

2020

The recent rapid improvement of nautical equipment functionality allows one to better observe and predict the dangers related to seamanship. However, these new features come with added complexity, and large amounts of information can overwhelm vessel crews and fleet operation centers, and the current state-of-the-art tools cannot filter out only the most important data for a given time and location. This paper presents the concepts and the algorithms of a software suite that provides a user with problem-oriented advice about a particular risk endangering a vessel and its crew. Based on the calculated navigational dangers and their predicted development, actionable guidance is proposed in an easy-to-understand human language. The quality of good seamanship is improved by a holistic approach to vessel installation, automated fleet operation center priority queuing, and the evaluation of crew performance during simulator training and daily operations. Both the software user interface, ...

Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part A: …, 2000

Zbìrnik naukovih pracʹ Deržavnogo unìversitetu ìnfrastrukturi ta tehnologìj, 2023

Improving safety of navigation by constructing a dynamic model of the navigator's actions in the conditions of navigation risks This study tackles the complex task of constructing a dynamic model of a navigator, planning their experience trajectory, and making decisions under navigational risks in the maritime industry using automated control systems. the proposed mathematical model accounts for individual skills, experiences, and personalities, while considering unpredictable industry dynamics. the study asserts the importance of adaptable automated control systems capable of simulating navigation risk situations and determining suitable career and development paths. in addition, it discusses the importance of assessing external factors such as economic, technological, and regulatory changes and ensuring compliance with industry standards, data security, and privacy. the paper further emphasizes the necessity for scalability and flexibility, as well as the seamless integration of automated systems with existing organizational infrastructures. the study concludes that the proposed model, optimized for the "safety of navigation" parameter using the Pontryagin maximum principle, enhances recruitment processes, creates comprehensive professional profiles for seafarers, and supports career development. the paper suggests the potential of this model's application in other maritime and related professions, ultimately enhancing individualized training and operational efficiency.