Perceptions and Responses to Warming in an Urban Environment

Climate change is primarily influenced by human activities in the world today. India's ability to drive world energy regarding demand has also led to increased heat in the cities. For instance, the increasing oil demand that is expected to reach 10 million barrels in a single day for the next quarter of the next century. Human acidities also involve the environmental, economic and human impacts which came as a result of enormous drought and urban heat island effects on Indian cities. This dissertation is, therefore, aimed at finding out the effect of the urban heat island effects on Indian cities as well as the adaptations that were developed by European cities, and how it can be adopted in Indian cities to reduce the energy demand and subsequent urban heat island effects. In context, the research explores the adverse and unbearable conditions witnessed as a result of the urban heat island effects. For instance, the destruction regarding Energy Consumption, loss of lives, environmental degradation, climate change, crippled businesses, Environmental Quality and Human health impacts. (Siddhan, 2015). It is also worth to note that India's energy demand has been overwhelming for the past decade. It is predicted that the countries growing population, industrialisation, and a booming manufacturing system has led to increased demand for energy in the cities. Consequently, a lot of heat is produced from the industries and factories leading to the urban heat island effect. In response to the adverse effects, this paper also delves into exploring the adaptations and countermeasures as well as the weaknesses in the policy implementation framework employed by Indian cities to save the environment. Also, the effects of the destruction on climate majorly depends on human activities on the environment. The study is also aimed at exploring the adaptations and intervention measures put in place to align human activities with climate change. In essence, human activities mainly influence climate change. The impacts of urban heat island effect are primarily dominant under the study since it affects climate change significantly. It is, therefore, essential to understanding the impact of human activities on climate change. (Francisco, 2015).

2019

Urban warming indicate that urban would be hotter than rural areas because of the urban heat island. Unfortunately, Tropical urban people are considered to be used to hot temperature. In addition, various research indicate that this condition may affect to thermal discomfort and other problems for human life. Therefore, this research will describe and explain the causes of urban warming in tropical cities and the adaptation mechanism conducted by citizen so that city government can find better solution to adapt with urban warming. To get better overview, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and Medan City, Indonesia become the comparison sample. The data derived from previous research result and observation using google earth satellite imagery which are analyzed descriptively and spatially. The result shows that both cities experience urban warming because of the land use and urban morphology. but, regarding with adaptation, Medan City still adapt traditionally like watering the road but in Kuala...

Urbanization is led by haphazard development, resulting into harsh climate change impacts. Climate change mitigation is bolstered by effective urban green space planning. This indirect relationship between Climate Change and urban green coverage, related with the heat island formation, has necessitated this research. The paper sets a goal to identify and measure the city level parameters of climate change. The objective is to analyze, if planned development of urban areas relates to the mitigation factors, or if the currently evolved urban pattern relates to the Urban heat island and the ecological function in direct relation with climate change adaptation. The assessment of this relationship between urbanization and climate change impacts, which is governed by Urban Green coverage is quantified using multi criteria evaluation. A study of Pune city is carried out for land cover change detection for the past 15 years and heat island generation due to urbanization, using Landsat 7 (ETM+) and Landsat 8 (OLI/TIRS) imagery and climatic data. The outcome is quantified for climate change for Pune City. This paper also reviews the policies of World health organization against the requisites for urbanization in India and concludes on the necessary inclusions in policy implementation.

2017

1 ABSTRACT The climate change projections for the Austrian cities indicate that the observed warming trend, including frequent occurrences of extreme heat events, is expected to continue in the coming decades. Due to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, caused by modification of energy balance in the built-up environment, the cities are warmer than their rural surroundings and therefore more exposed to negative impacts of climate change. During prolonged heat wave events, the excess in heat combined with reduced night-time cooling, decreased ventilation and possible air pollution can cause severe health impacts on the urban population. Developing measures for reduction of the UHI effect is important in the context of sustainable urban development and climate sensitive urban planning. Number of counteracting measures such as increase in vegetation, green open spaces, green roofs, unsealing of paved surfaces, decreasing absorption of solar radiation by increasing the reflectiveness of ...

Urban Heat Island Effect as the name suggest city is getting warmer time to time in comparison to rural areas. Paper shows how and why city is warmer and its ways of mitigation. It also shows brief information on climate change in Bhutan and others in urban areas. Different papers where referred for the successful completion of the paper.

2017

The climate change projections for the Austrian cities indicate that the observed warming trend, including frequent occurrences of extreme heat events, is expected to continue in the coming decades. Due to the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect, caused by modification of energy balance in the built-up environment, the cities are warmer than their rural surroundings and therefore more exposed to negative impacts of climate change. During prolonged heat wave events, the excess in heat combined with reduced night-time cooling, decreased ventilation and possible air pollution can cause severe health impacts on the urban population. Developing measures for reduction of the UHI effect is important in the context of sustainable urban development and climate sensitive urban planning. Number of counteracting measures such as increase in vegetation, green open spaces, green roofs, unsealing of paved surfaces, decreasing absorption of solar radiation by increasing the reflectiveness of buildings a...

Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon has become a regional issue for Greater Kuala Lumpur (GKL) as a number of studies reported an elevated air temperature in highly dense urban areas compared to the rural peripheries. An initial literature survey of UHI studies in GKL revealed an insufficiency and paucity of field measurements for more than one decade (since 1991) before gaining its momentum again after 2004. Despite a very limited number of studies in GKL, many studies used a vague set of site classification, operational definitions of Urban Heat Island Intensity (UHII) derived from such vague classification, uncontrolled and old set of data, limited coverage of weather station network and limited number of weather parameters in data collection. Therefore, this paper attempts to provide an overview of UHI studies in GKL by highlighting the major methodological shortcomings that hamper the reliability of previous measurements and by providing vital suggestions for an improved UHI quantification in future. The findings of most of the studies disclose an increasing trend in the UHII which is associated to the reduction in vegetation cover and land use changes. Eventually, this open up new opportunities for the upcoming studies to investigate the sensitivity of UHI to other unexplored factors in the local context. Besides focusing on the role of vegetation on urban temperature reduction, future studies need to focus more on examining the feasibility of other remediation technologies. This paper also suggests that rigorous attention should be given to a systematic site characterization, controlled and synchronous measurements, broader weather station network as well as incorporation of real-time data to elucidate the current UHII status. In addition, local studies could significantly benefit from the utilization of advanced modelling and simulation technologies as a basis for a more informed decision-making in line with the aspiration of GKL to achieve a world class sustainable metropolis by 2020 (GKL Initiative under the National Key Economic Area). Lastly, the incorporation of UHI phenomena in local policies is also essential to mitigate its deleterious impacts via more urban climate-friendly practices by various stakeholders.

Khoj : an international peer reviewed journal of geography/Khoj : the research journal of Prakriti The Geography Association, 2023

Transformation has brought about negativity, and urbanization has adverse environmental effects,such as the rising surface temperatures of cities and urban areas compared to the surrounding ruralareas. This phenomenon is popularly known as the Urban Heat Island (UHI) effect. UHI is a prominent feature of urban climates and is mainly caused by dark, non-reflective surfaces such asshopping complex parking lots, pavements, rooftops, and skyscraper buildings replacing open spaces and vegetation cover as a result of urban sprawling. This increased land surface temperature within urban areas affects material and energy costs, air pollution levels, and mortality. It also contributesto global warming, which further exacerbates climate change. This study analyzes the relationship between the urban heat island (UHI) intensity and land cover and land use characteristics of Ajmer city. There is significant diversity in the temporal and spatial pattern of temperature distribution in the Ajmer District. The region has experienced dramatic land use and land cover conversions caused by both human activities and natural disasters. The southwest part of the Ajmer District has a significantly lower temperature compared to other areas due to the presence of forestland. Forestland exhibits a lower temperature compared to other categories, except for water bodies. The city center of Ajmer has a lower temperature due to the presence of the Anas agar lake. In conclusion, the spatiallay out of land use/land covers in the area has a significant impact on surface temperature.

2009

Urban Heat Island is expected to pose increasing challenges for cities in the following decades, placing greater stress and impacts on multiple social and biophysical systems, including population health, social comfort, urban infrastructure, energy demand and water supplies. One of the great challenges facing our current generation of scientists and engineers is how to mitigate the harmful effects of urban heat island and make the sustainable cities. In the first step, the root cause of problems and the effects of urban heat island must be recognized. And then by considering the effects of UHI on all aspects of urban environment is started thinking about the mitigation of UHI. This paper therefore, is focused on understanding the main roots of UHI problems on urban environment with an emphasis on the recognition of the effects of UHI. To achieve this aim, this article review current knowledge about the urban heat island to understand urban climate, urban climate scales and the harmful effects of UHI, including human health, patterns of human Mitigating the Urban Heat Island Effect: Some Points Without Altering Existing City Planning 205 settlement, energy use, transportation, industry, environmental quality, and other aspects of infrastructure that effect our quality of life, and then classify these effects, make some recommendations for preventive action and provide quality of life and sustainability in city.