Epistemological Criticism to Contemporary Indology

2022

Philosophy is the effort to understand the life deeply and make sense of what is happening in his/her own way. It requires questioning and investigation. It is the art of looking at the universe in unity, combining the pieces and synthesizing. At the same time, it is a product of critical minds, persistent attitude toward research and passion for knowing the truth. Epistemology is explaining the science by philosophy, in another word, the examination of science from the perspective of philosophy. As epistemology deals with general structure of scientific thought, it also searches for criticism of the truth. In this study, the examination of knowledge from the point of philosophy has been targeted. Epistemology has been discussed from its various aspects. For this purpose, the concepts of knowledge, philosophy and epistemology have been studied. Key Words: Knowledge, Philosophy, Epistemology

While we typically think of culture as defined by geography or ethnicity (e.g., American culture, Mayan culture), the term also applies to the practices and expectations of smaller groups of people. Though embedded in the larger culture surrounding them, such subcultures have their own sets of rules like those that scientists do. Philosophy of science has as its main object of studio the scientific activity. A way in which we have tried to explain these scientific practices is from the actual ontological commitments that scientists do through their scientific theories. Certainly, we know scientific theories through some specific scientific language, which is, in its turn, a subset of the natural language developed by a particular culture. This study is conducted to explore and evaluate some of the most important epistemological consequences of these ontological commitments, specially the so-called ‘truth-commitment’ and its relation with a linguistic-cultural framework.

The following text is a version in American English of the paper published in Spanish with the same title in the extraordinary issue of the international philosophy journal Contrastes (University of Málaga, Spain) on the philosophy of science, coordinated by Pascual F. Martínez-Freire, corresponding to Supplement 3 (1998), pp. 59-79 thereof. The textual quotations in Spanish or the original language in this chapter of the volume were translated inversely, so they may differ slightly from each other.]

Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Culture, Education and Economic Development of Modern Society (ICCESE 2018), 2018

The paper deals with the constitutive elements of creative work in science, which is understood as activities for cognition and explanation of the phenomena of the world and culture, carried out under the certain circumctances. The authors tried to show the main difficulties, which can occur both in the cultural sciences (history of philosophy) and natural sciences (chemistry) in the actual process of cognition of the world and its natural and culture-related realia. The authors follow the classification of sciences proposed by the representatives of Baden school of neo-Kantian philosophy, which differ the natural sciences and cultural sciences.

A deep confusion under the sun, I see. Words go through unceasing semantic slides, voluntarily or involuntarily. Philosophies pursue asthmatically real acts, succeeding one another impressively fast. The terms that once were firmly characterised by experts, quickly popularized and, malgré eux, turned into natural creeks where either old ideologies or new resurrections actually find their suitable refuge; in other words, a place of convenience, where old conflicts, once played in open fields, now delocalize.

2021

Epistemology is a branch of philosophy which deals with the nature, scope of knowledge, basis, and its presuppositions. Modern science raises problems both the spiritual crisis and the ecological crisis. Both of these are due to the rationale that separates God from science. So that faith becomes weak and doesn't even exist at all. This paper will elaborate further on the epistemology of modern science, starting from the theory of knowledge in the form of sources and ways of obtaining knowledge, scientific methods, to measures of truth. This study is very important to be reexamined so that it strengthens the philosophical foundation related to science, then emerges various critical competencies in interpreting modern science. This library research is sourced from various references in the form of books, national and international scientific journal articles. The data collection technique is to conduct a review of the books and journal articles. The data obtained were processed b...

Arhe, 2022

Is "science" the corresponding concept of its Greek progenitor, epistēmē? Traditionally, they were thought of as identical concepts. They are not, in more than one way, and the reader is called to evaluate them not based on their chronological order but on the specific systemic characteristics presented here. The crucial difference between the epistemonic (from epistēmē) method and the scientific method will also be presented. One of the main differences that will be discussed is related to logic, both as a concept and as a theory. What the authors present here is by no means a synthesis of past ideas; we do acknowledge that some similar ideas might have appeared in the past but never in the form presented here or within the system proposed in what follows. This work is not about who did not say whatever we propose or who might have some similar thoughts within some irrelevant context. All ideas here stem from original work done solely by us and the ensuing system is unique and of utmost important being also an external critiquethe only truly external critiqueto the institution of modern science and to the grave inconsistencies "scientists" cannot (for whatever reason) notice in it anymore.

The two concepts of the style of scientific thinking compares in the article. With the epochal point of view style of thinking reflects the phases in the development of science, the nature of it’s induced by scientific methodology of epoch, and respectively styles come and go over time. With the disciplinary point of view style of thinking associated with a specific scientific discipline, the nature of it’s induced by the subject and methodology the discipline, respectively different styles coexist in the same time. The relation of style of thinking to the scientific picture of the world is discussed. There are the two different models of the world pattern. In one model, all things are treated as derivatives of the space, in the other one, the world is presented as a set of hierarchically organized systems. From this viewpoint the classical and non-classical styles of thinking can be combined in the space-atomistic metastyle. The demonstrations of this metastyle are observed not only in the natural sciences, but also in linguistics, history, and sociology. The problem of relations of style of scientific thinking and other ways of describing the world is discussed. A sociocultural component of scientific activity lies in the center of paradigms and research programs. The typological correspondence between them and style of thinking is not revealed because of focusing on different aspects of scientific activity. A relatively complete correspondence between styles and basic cognitive models is revealed.

Konfrontasi: Jurnal Kultural, Ekonomi dan Perubahan Sosial

This library research aims to examine the existence of scientists as an independent science, which has a special method and at the same time the usefulness of anthropology in people's lives. The writing approach method used is a qualitative approach with a bibliographic method. This means that in writing this article the writer collects, selects, analyzes and presents various writings sourced from various literature books and other written sources. Syntheses from various sources are presented and assembled to obtain conclusions. The results of the literature review show that anthropology as an independent science fulfills the requirements for a philosophy of science that must contain elements of ontology, epistemology and axiology. These three elements are found in anthropology because anthropology has certain methods and benefits for many people's lives, which in the subsequent development of anthropology is not only a pure science but also an applied science.