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Es una investigación realizada por el historiador Jose de la Riva - Agüero donde recopila los hechos trascendentes que marcaron la historia del Perú

La enmarañada identidad del diseño ofrece la necesidad de volver la mirada a los componentes subjetivos, indeterminados y dinámicos.

El Plan Anual de Contrataciones (PAC) es la lista de bienes, servicios, obras y consultoría que la entidad ha planificado adquirir en cada año. El PAC tiene como insumo el Plan Nacional de Desarrollo y el Plan Operativo Anual (POA) de la institución y de cada uno de sus órganos y dependencias. Aquellas actividades del POA que requieren una contratación son enlistadas en el PAC.

Las publicaciones de la Organización Panamericana de la Salud están acogidas a la protección prevista por las disposiciones sobre reproducción de originales del Protocolo 2 de la Convención Universal sobre Derecho de Autor. Reservados todos los Derechos.

À partir d'un souvenir d’enfance j’essaye de montrer la fausseté de l'alternative entre le nationalisme bourgeois et l'aspiration universaliste pour la justice. En utilisant certains textes et notions de Butler et Derrida, je défense l'idée que le processus souverainiste catalan doit être comprise à partir du désir démocratique qui est toujours en relation aporétique avec l'invention de Nation et de l’Etat. C’est pour quoi le souverainisme doit toujours être critique avec des politiques d'homogénéisation et d'exclusion de l’État-nation.

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«Balsamera under the Cold War. El Salvador – 1932. Intellectual History of an Ethnocide» analyzes forgotten sources concerning one of the most tragic events the country endured during the 20th century. The essay notes that general history and literary historiography have disdained one pioneering magazine in the Latin American cultural production. Published from 1919 to 1956, its editor, the Costarrican Joaquín García Monge, achieved what no Salvadoran institution was able to assume. García Monge diffused national literature and arts abroad. Without exaggeration, there are more than five hundred Salvadoran bibliographical entries in the Repertorio Americano (American Repertoire). The recovery of several opinions —Juan del Camino (Octavio Jiménez Alpízar), Alberto Masferrer, Adolfo Ortega Díaz, Salarrué, Gilberto González y Contreras y Juan de Izalco— offers a hitherto unknown view on the 1932 Native revolt, as well as of the military repressión in name of anticommunism. This alternative account challenges the current Communist metanarrative. In forty years, the Repertorio anticipated the term “matanza” popularized by the USA historian Thomas A. Anderson in 1971. To the Repertorio, we add official documents —governmental and ecclesiastical— to perceive how they conceal a Native Izalco voice. In these interstices we rescue authorized views also without memory. Reading several newspapers of the period, we recover the identity Native-Communist in all the immediate testimonios of the revolt. It is interesting that the triumph of Nationalism was never celebrated due to a “complex of guilt”. The national literary canon supports a theory of genre. Communism is an excuse for society that lacks a proper legislation for sexual harrassment. The interpretation of these forgotten sources suggests vindicating the Native Izalco —synonym of Communist— as agent of its own history. Beyond the consecrated dichotomy —Communists against Nationalists, leftist liberals against rightist conservatives— we discover a third view: an ethnic perspective. As such we reveal a paradox. Solving the abysm of any duality, postmodernity does not yet recognize a división that is not in pairs. Neither postcolonial thinking on the 1932 has discovered America. Both philosophical approaches are incapable of recovering a Native voice. “(Anti-)Communism” is just an excuse to express and disguise ethnicity, i.e., Indian-Ladino, in a country with twenty-five percent of Native population. Our proposal interprets and restitutes buried documents by a belated and retrospective restitution of the 1932 ethnocide in the 1960s. We challenge the political binomial that the historical imagination inherited from the cold war. In USA academia, both a Utopic Theosophical view (A. Masferrer, Salarrué, C. A. Sandino…), and an oppressed Native voice have become unthinkable and tabu. We call this erasure «Balsamera under the Cold War». When the other (the Latin American subject) is too distant to the same (the USA intellectual), this other must be remitted to the tradition of oblivion. The other exists when it reflects the ideas of the same. In the conclusion, we discuss a Las Casasian versión of the conquest and colonization of America. We understand both events as an ongoing process of robbing Native national minorities of their most elemental rights, i.e., their voice. Guided by the synonymy Native-Communist, 1932 points out to a belated chapter within the long process of the destruction of the Western Indies. In its longue durée, during more than half a century, local history reveals a dispute for municipal power and natural resources. This episode marks a violent entry of an American experience into (post)modernity. Through ethnocide, empire finally substitutes imperialism, as the only political realm of human understanding.