LABORATORIO DE FÍSICA II Geometrical Optics

The minimum deviation method using large angle prisms is not an effective method for refractive index determination. An accurate method of determining refractive index is discussed in this paper.

Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 2013

Since the refraction angle depends on the frequency of the radiation, we assume radiation is monochromatic.

Annales Henri Poincaré, 2008

Consider an optical system made of an unknown number N of layers of homogeneous transparent plates with different unknown refraction indices. Observing beams of monochromatic light through the system, find the number N of plates together with their respective indices and their thicknesses. The mathematical analysis of the problem involves the so-called Hadamard quotient of two power series.

Astronomy Quarterly

In computer graphics, it is often an advantage to calculate refractions directly, especially when the application is time-critical or when line graphics have to be displayed. We specify efficient formulas and parametric equations for the refraction on straight lines and planes. Furthermore, we develop a general theory of refractions, with reflections as a special case. In the plane case, all refracted rays are normal to a characteristic conic section. We investigate the relation of this conic section and the diacaustic curve. Using this, we can deduce properties of reciprocal refraction and a virtual object transformation that makes it possible to produce 2D-refraction images with additional depth information. In the three-dimensional case, we investigate the counter image of a straight line. It is a very special ruled surface of order four. This yields results on the order of the refrax of algebraic curves and on the shading of refracted polygons. Finally, we provide a formula for the diacaustic of a circle.

Applied Optics, 2014

This report is published in the interest of scientific and technical information exchange, and its publication does not constitute the Government's approval or disapproval of its ideas or findings.

The Physics Teacher, 1998

Physics 310 them. The path is called a ray of light, and a bundle of such rays constitutes a beam of light.

Cornell University - arXiv, 2022

Light-absorbing materials are widely used, and their optical properties are an important factor. Snell's law does not hold in materials that partially absorb light. Hence, the optical path in refraction is calculated from Maxwell's law. We used it to obtain the deviation angle when a light passes through a prism made of light absorbing material. As a result, the deviation angle has a local maximum point. The deviation angle near the local maximum is sensitive to the real and imaginary parts of the refractive index. The local maximum deviation angle and its incident angle are used to determine the complex index of refraction. This measurement has the same advantages as measuring the minimum deviation angle of a transparent prism. That is, when the optical bench is slightly rotated and the measurement light is observed, the moving direction of the light-spot is reversed at the extreme value. The detection is easy. Then, it is necessary to determine the complex refractive index from the measured local maximum deviation angle and its incident angle. These two angles are plotted parametrically by varying the real part of the refractive index under a fixed imaginary part. The similar curves are drawn under the fixed real parts. Each curve has a fixed value for the real or imaginary parts of the refractive index. Drawings of these many curves are made prior to measurement. Then we select the four curves that are closest to the local maximum deviation angle and its incident angle. Four fixed values attached to each of the four curves determine the complex index of refraction. Various liquids can be put in a prism container made of parallel plate glass and their local maximum deviation angles are measured. The method in this paper can easily determine the complex refractive index and can be used for material identification.

proceedings of the conference "DIDACTIONS OF SCIENCE & APPLICATION OF NEW TECHNOLOGIES IN EDUCATION", 2002

In the present work is presented a short bibliographical review, and are examined the ideas about refraction, that the second year students of the Department of Elementary Education of Democritus University have before lectures. There are several difficulties and obstacles encountered in laboratory exercises that lead to erroneous conclusions. Generally it was observed a tendency of the students to apply rules they invent without, applying general principles. Many times their responses appear to be correct, but on a closer examination their explanations show only a shallow understanding. The simple experiments that are usually recommended in textbooks are a source of difficulties because of the use of the semicircle on experiments from denser to rarer media and vice versa. The fact that an incident beam is partially reflected and partially transmitted needs to be carefully addressed since the emerging beam from the semicircle is usually considered as a refracted beam. As it appears through a post test given after 6 months, the laboratory teaching helps the students to develop their ideas in some notions, but in other concepts there is not a permanent result. Finally are presented some recommendations for a more effective teaching of the subject.