CPR 30_3 Amos.pdf

Quality of Life Research

Objectives This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to synthesize, analyze, and critically review existing studies on the relationship between posttraumatic growth (PTG) and psychological well-being (operationalized either via positive or negative well-being indicators) among people living with HIV (PLWH). We also investigated whether this association varies as a function of socio-demographic, clinical characteristics, and study publication year. Method We conducted a structured literature search on Web of Science, Scopus, MedLine, PsyARTICLES, ProQuest, and Google Scholar. The most important inclusion criteria encompassed quantitative and peer-reviewed articles published in English. Results After selection, we accepted 27 articles for further analysis (N = 6333 participants). Eight studies used positive indicators of well-being. The other 19 studies focused on negative indicators of well-being. Meta-analysis revealed that there was a negative weak-size association between PTG...

Nurse and Health: Jurnal Keperawatan

Background: Post-traumatic growth is a life change. People living with HIV who start to adapt to the current condition have a better life and positive emotion by rediscovering happiness. Post-traumatic growth occurs due to individual thoughts regarding life purposes and reviewing their life priorities. Objectives: This study aimed to explore the post-traumatic growth process experienced by people living with HIV. Methods: This study employed the qualitative study method with a descriptive phenomenology approach on six participants with HIV at Yayasan Sehat Peduli Kasih, Semarang. The participants were selected following the inclusion criteria, i.e., 24-25-year-olds with no cognitive disorders and regular treatments. The exclusion criteria in this study were participants who could not attend the interview process, although the researchers already made recurring appointments. The interview type utilized in this study was a semi-structured interview. The data analysis model in this stu...

Journal of Clinical Psychology in Medical Settings, 2015

Given high rates of trauma in people living with HIV (PLH) and the health benefits of posttraumatic growth (PTG), understanding how to foster PTG in PLH exposed to trauma could be of interest to clinical psychologists working with this population. The current study examined factors theoretically related to development of PTG in PLH, namely HIV-related stigma, disclosure of HIV status, and emotional support. A sample of 334 HIV-positive adults answered a battery of self-report questionnaires. HIV-related stigma, disclosure to sexual partners, and emotional support were significant predictors of PTG: stigma was associated with lower PTG, whereas disclosure and emotional support were associated with higher PTG. Disclosure and emotional support remained significantly associated with PTG in the model including demographic factors and stigma. These findings highlight the need for development of interventions that can aid PLH in disclosing their HIV status to sexual partners and increasing available social support.

Social Science & Medicine, 2000

This study examines perceptions of illness-related positive of change or stress-related growth among a sample of African American, Puerto Rican, and non-Hispanic White women (n = 54) living with HIV/AIDS in New York City, USA. While these women acknowledged the negative stresses of living with HIV/AIDS, 83% reported at least one positive change in their lives that they attributed to their illness experience. A number of dierent domains of potential growth were identi®ed including: health behaviors, spirituality, interpersonal relationships, view of the self, value of life, and career goals. While growth was reported by nearly all the women, some variation was found in the forms of growth reported in relation to the women's ethnic/racial background, class, and IV drug use history. These data suggest an expanded conceptualization of stress-related growth that includes behavioral aspects of growth in response to stress and illness, and which takes into account the diverse ways in which growth may be experienced. 7

Health Psychology Report, 2017

participants and procedure The study was conducted on 25 female and 39 male patients with HIV+ status and applied three questionnaires based on the self-report method. PTSD was assessed with the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), PTG with the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), and the Brief version of Coping Orientations to Problems Experienced (Mini-Cope) was used for assessing coping strategies.

2019

As a result of advances in highly active antiretroviral therapy, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has been reconceptualised as a long-term chronic health condition instead of a death sentence. Nonetheless, receiving a positive diagnosis can still be an extremely traumatic experience. Whilst there are many people living with HIV who struggle with their diagnosis, some can also manage to find meaning from it and so experience positive change within their lives. This research seeks to explore the lived experience of eight HIV-positive gay men between the ages of 35 and 50 who have experienced posttraumatic growth (PTG) since their diagnosis. Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) was used to analyse interview data. Four super-ordinate themes were identified: the first highlights the struggle as the men grapple with their diagnosis. The second theme explores how the men have developed more positive and meaningful relationships with themselves and other people, as well as embar...

Individuals diagnosed with HIV face a host of challenges post-diagnosis. At risk for negative psychological outcomes, persons living with HIV/AIDS may also experience posttraumatic growth (i.e., positive cognitive and emotional changes that may occur following HIV diagnosis). African Americans, in particular, experience poorer psychosocial and behavioral outcomes and greater HIV-related health disparities, and also tend to report more posttraumatic growth than European Americans. This exploratory study examined demographic, psychosocial, and behavioral correlates of posttraumatic growth among 45 African American adults living with HIV in Mississippi. Statistical methods included correlational analyses and independent sample t-tests. As measured by the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, posttraumatic growth was associated with several demographic (i.e., age, education, employment, income), psychosocial (i.e., social support, coping self-efficacy, psychological distress [negative]), and behavioral variables (i.e., church attendance, abstinence from drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes). Findings indicate that African Americans living with HIV in underserved, underresourced areas are capable of perceiving posttraumatic growth post-diagnosis. Moreover, research has shown that perceived positive growth is associated with important sociocultural, psychosocial, and behavioral factors that directly and/or indirectly influence health and treatment outcomes. Implications of findings are discussed.

Journal of the Association of Nurses in AIDS Care, 2017

Receiving an HIV diagnosis is a stressful life event with mental health consequences. People living with HIV (PLWH) report levels of anxiety and depression much higher than the general population (Chaudhury, Bakhla, & Saini, 2016), but positive mental health outcomes such as resilience and posttraumatic growth (PTG) have also been reported in this population (Murphy & Hevey, 2013). Resilience has been conceptualized in numerous ways (e.g., as a protective factor, as a process, as an outcome), but to some authors it is best defined as an outcome of positive adaptation in the face of adversity (e.g., Zautra, Hall, & Murray, 2010). It is the maintenance of a relatively stable trajectory of healthy functioning following exposure to a potential trauma (in this case, an HIV diagnosis), thus involving the return to pretrauma functioning levels (Bonanno, 2004). PTG, for its part, involves not just a return to pretrauma levels of functioning but an actual improvement (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), and so it implies learning and growing after adversities. Although it has been established that these negative and positive outcomes coexist after an adverse event (Vera Poseck, Carbelo Baquero, & Vecina Jim enez, 2006), little is understood about their relationships with one another (Scali et al., 2012). Additionally, perceived stress has been identified as an important variable that impacts mental health. It has been associated with lower levels of resilience and

Journal of Happiness Studies, 2021

The aim of this study was to examine the heterogeneity of change of posttraumatic growth (PTG) among people living with HIV (PLWH) in a 1-year prospective study. The goal was also to identify sociodemographic and clinical covariates and differences in baseline coping strategies. Particularly, time since diagnosis and positive reframing coping were of special interest. The sample consisted of 115 people with medically confirmed diagnosis of HIV infection. The participants filled out paper-and-pencil questionnaires three times with an interval of 6 months, including also sociodemographic and clinical data. Four trajectories of PTG were identified: curvilinear, low stable, high stable, and rapid change. Participants’ gender, education level, CD4 count and time since HIV diagnosis occurred to be significant covariates of class membership. Positive reframing and self-distraction differentiated only between the high stable and the rapid change trajectory, with lower values in the latter. ...

International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, 2021

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