THE FUNCTION OF SIMPLE SENTENCE BETWEEN ALBANIAN AND ENGLISH

Ezikov Svyat volume 20 issue 3

This paper describes and analyzes the basic structural sentence patterns in the Albanian language. The internal structure of sen-tences is determined by the verb, which serves as its predicator: the type of verb/ verb valence determines the number and type of complements, and consequently determines the minimal structure of the sentence. A verb like vdes “die”, which is monova-lent-intransitive, requires only one complement in the function of the subject to complete the sentence. Unlike vdes “die”, the bivalent verb takoj “meet” requires two complements to convey its meaning: an internal complement in the function of the direct object and an external complement in the function of the subject. Thus, the verb vdes “die” forms one of the basic sentence pat-terns in the Albanian language: S + intransitive verb, whereas the verb takoj “meet” forms another basic pattern, namely the pattern S + monotransitive verb + DO. The minimal sentence structure contains the verb together with its val...

Customarily, linguistic description on the syntactic level is formulated in terms of constituent analysis. We now can ask what form of grammar is presupposed by description of this sort. We find that the new form of grammatical is essentially more powerful than the finite state model rejected above, and that the associated concept

THESIS; 2014; VOL. 3; NO. 2, 2014

During the process of foreign language learning, it often happens that students are influenced by native language rules while formulating their ideas in a foreign language, thus failing to pay due account of the fact that linguistic aspects are different in different languages. In light of this finding, this paper/presentation intends to make a contrastive analysis designed to demonstrate, both from a theoretical and practical perspective, similarities and differences between subject clauses in English and Albanian, from a syntactical point of view. Thefollowing presentation examinessome of the linguistic means used to express a subject clause in both languages; their structural typology (based on the conjugation means); the grammatical agreementsbetween the categories of number and person, both direct or otherwise, that this type of sentence establishes with the predicate of the main clause of a complex sentence; as well as its order in the complex sentence. The similarities and differences we intend tounfold in this analysisare expected to be of value to two target-groups: it shall serve English language students as an example illustrating that failure to take account of these linguistic differences in the way a sentence is formed, would result in the use of grammatically erroneous structures and, consequently, create obstacles in interlingual communication. This presentation shall also serve English language university students who may use this modest and by no means exhausting presentation, and elaborate it to a greater extent and in greater detail in their scientific papers.

2021

The Albanian language is one of the oldest languages in the Balkans, however was documented very late, around the 15th century. The Albanian language is part of the trunk of Indo-European languages. The oldest language of this trunk is the Sanskrit language. The main and greatest writers of the time, the authors who made the first attempts to study the structure of the grammar of the Albanian language were: Lekë Matrënga, Pjetër Budi, Frank Bardhi and Pjetër Bogdani. The aim of this paper is to highlight the lexicon of old Albanian authors. Our main goal is the realization of the lexical results of the selected authors.

Journal of Educational and Social Research, 2021

clauses remains a debatable issue with incomplete solution in the Albanian syntax. The lack of a proper criterion for classification, structuring of clauses makes predicative clauses not treated properly, a few attentions is paid to them moreover they are explained superficially. This type of subordinate clause leaves room for treatments and discussions. They are among the most specific types of dependent clauses in Albanian. In the treatment of the subject, it is intended to explain the syntactic structures of these clauses, to describe as fully as possible the syntactic functions. It will address some conceptions and perspectives on Albanian syntaxes starting from the earliest to the present day. It has been selected the following grammars: the grammar of J. Rrota, M. Domi, S. Prifti, Th. Dhimës, M. Toton, M. Çeliku and the grammar of the Academy 2 (2002) etc. Received: 6 October 2020 / Accepted: 21 December 2020 / Published: 17 January 2021

Journal of Educational and Social Research

In this study, we will highlight the contrastive aspect of defining the parts of speech between Albanian and English. In this contrastive analysis of the definition of parts of speech between Albanian and English, differences in grammatical terms have been noted, such as the division of parts of speech in Albanian language into variable and invariable parts of speech, in contrast to English, which divides them into closed and open classes. Moreover, throughout this grammatical and semantic research of defining the parts of speech, it is noted that the English language distinguishes eight parts of speech but does not include the numerals and particles, whereas the Albanian language includes them. It is interesting that in the English language, the definitions of the parts of speech, besides the part that are more comprehensive, they also have a more meaningful and logical use of terminology, compared to terminology used to define parts of speech in the Albanian language, which is muc...

English and Indonesian sentences realize their predicates by using different kinds of syntactic categories and therefore pose difficulties to Young Learners of English. This is a contrastive study done by observation as well as analytical analysis of simple sentences in both languages. The result of this research shows that both English and Indonesian sentences employ verbs as their predicates. However, in addition to verbs, Indonesian sentences also use other kinds of syntactic categories such as nouns, adjectives, etc. to be the predicates of sentences. These main differences of English and Indonesian systems have to be underlined in teaching and learning process of English to Young Learners in order to avoid grammatical mistakes.

Anglisticum Journal, 2016

This research paper is based on comparative aproach of english and albanian language as far as the grammar cases is concerned. The main focus would be especially directed toward nominative, dative and accusative cases since, accordingly, there is a clear line of differences between these two languages. Both languages use different grammatical tools for these cases. On the one hand, albanian language uses case suffixes, whereas, on the other hand english language uses certain positions of the sentence constituents which corespond to certain case functions. The comparative method is the main research method used in this paper, since the nature of such research requires for this material to be compared in order to highlight the differences as well as the commonalities that would eventually appear between these two languages. The descriptive method is also used to describe the language phenomena which is the subject of this research. The describtion of grammatical units in this paper is...

This studies or the aim of the research is to deals the generative " morphems, words or " simple or compound 1 " sentence. The full congrast of Albanian and English language in this phenomena of generative is in morphology and in syntactic structure. This accepts of studies will comparted, contrasted and generated between two languages. This studies deals with noun (noun phrase), verb (verb phrase) of syntactic structure between Albanian and English language. In both of languages, most linguists (or scholars) are agree because has the contrast between Alb. – Eng. The following classes words: noun, verb, adjective, preposition, adverb, determinative and conjunction can generate. Each of these words classes is illustrated in the sentence below. The function of noun (or noun phrase) in the sentence can have the meaning of subject 2 , direct object 3 , indirect object 4 and " predicate " (…). The function of verb or verb phase in the sentence can have the predicate (...).

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2021

This paper is to point out similarities and differences of English and Albanian language, trying to compare of both languages. Many languages do not distinguish between adjectives and names etc, i.e. the Albanian language differs in terms of gender and plural adjectives, while English has not such a feature. Therefore formal distinctions between parts of speech should be done within the framework of a given language and should not be applied in other languages. In this paper we have analyzed adjective structures in Albanian and English.

Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 2013

This paper introduces a comparative approach to the structural patterns of verbal phraseological units in English and Albanian. The structural criterion brings forth pronounced distinctive features characterising phraseological units and especially contrasting them to free word-groups. In the same way as we speak of word patterns, the structure of phraseological units is also based on certain patterns. In this paper we are going to focus on verbal phraseological units which compared to free word-groups have structural stability, semantic unity and figurativeness. Both languages, English and Albanian are very rich in such phrases and share some similarities. Structural invariability is an essential feature of phraseological units, though, as we shall see, some of them possess it to a lesser degree than others. Structural invariability of phraseological units finds expression in a number of restrictions. The aim of this study is to find out the main restrictions regarding the structure of verbal phraseological units and to give the main structural patterns in both languages. Their structure is contrasted and compared by use of examples in English and Albanian as well.

Comparison of the Syntactical Role of Non-FInite Verbs in Albanian and English language.

The subject is the part of a clause that identifies the topic on the sentece. The subject usually in Albanian and English languages comes at the beginning of a clause and consists of a noun, noun phrase, pronoun etc. One of the topics which have most inspired comparative syntactic research is the difference between null subject languages such as Albanian and English: the former can have silent subject, technically called “subject – S”. The subject is normally - noun phrase or nominal clause. In both of languages the subject normally occurs usullay before the verb. The distinction between the subject and predicate is the basic division within the sentence. The subject can realize as noun, noun phrase, pronoun etc. It is the head of sentence. The noun in the sentence can have function and as predicate. In Albanian and English the predicate noun is used to predicate a description or identification of the subject. Both of languages the predicate noun is a noun that follows linking verb.

ANGLISTICUM. Journal of the Association-Institute for English Language and American Studies

As far as the great variety of adjuncts is concerned, the factual situation in a language is not an easy task to explain. There are many syntactic units similar to typical adjuncts which again differ from typical ones by acting somewhat different in the sentence, having got somehow more complicated role, i.e., while the typical adjuncts function as a modifier of the verb, the specific ones can be related to the whole sentence. This study is focused toward these untypical adjuncts according to their grammatical and semantic function, by analyzing the differences and similarities that appear between English and Albanian language. The study is directed toward these untypical adjuncts and the way how it is explained in both languages. A discussion will be made by explaining the differences and commonalities that appear as far as the semantic properties are concerned. The main method used in this research paper is the comparative method because the reserch itself is in comparison between...