poster_Azerbaijan (3).pptx

Living tissues are usually exposed to varying degrees of radiation from natural and manmade radioactive substances. Depending on the type of radiation emitted and rate and dose of absorption, all radioactive substances are potentially hazardous. Previous researches on the biological effects of radiation as well as preventive measures have focused on human subjects, being the most radiosensitive species. However, exposure of animals to ionizing irradiation may negatively influence their production performance, resulting in some level of economic loss. In addition, many food animals may represent a significant pathway for transfer of radionuclides to humans, thereby adding to the exposure burden. The current review aims at evaluating the effects of ionizing radiation on animals as important components of human food chain, and some preventive measures. A proper understanding of radioactivity and the behavior of important radionuclides in livestock animals will serve as an informational tool in livestock management as well as consumers' dietary choices.

1998

Bahwa percobaan bom nuklir di atmosfer yang telah dilakukan oleh beberapa negara sejak tahun 1945 menimbulkan lepasan radioisotop ke udara. Demikian juga terjadinya kecelakaan reaktor nuklir. Lepasan radioisotop ini kemudian akan terkondensasi dan terdeposisi ke darat dan laut. Lepasan radioisotop ini disebut jatuhan debu radioaktif ( fall out ). Melalui rantai makanan radioisotop akan dapat meningkatkan tingkat radioaktivitas biota laut. Taku Koyanagi telah melakukan penelitian tingkat radioaktif Sr-90 dan Cs-137 dalam air laut dan daging ikan di laut Jepang, arus Kuroshio serta arus Oyashio. Ternyata tingkat radioaktivitas (aktivitas spesifik) air laut dan daging ikan mencapai puncak antara tahun 1962 s.d. 1964. Pengukuran ini sesuai dengan tingkat radioaktivitas lepasan radioisotop ke udara ( fall out ) yang memuncak sekitar tahun enampuluhan. Meningkatnya tingkat radioaktivitas biota laut mengandung potensi bahaya jika biota laut itu menjadi produk laut yang dikonsumsi oleh manu...

Objective: The use of radionuclides in patients undergoing nuclear medicine procedures presents a special concern on the safety of not only the patients but also of those who come in contact with such patients either at the nuclear medicine centre or at home after discharge from the facility. This has heightened the public concern about nuclear medicine especially in Nigeria where the practice is new. When patients are injected with radioactivity for nuclear medicine procedures they excrete most of the radioactivity via urine even before leaving the nuclear medicine facility. Therefore, we set out to survey the toilets used by these patients in the hospital for radiation levels to know the radiation risk posed by the 'radioactive urine' of the patients to the general public and radiation workers respectively. Methods: A portable digital radiation survey meter was used for measurement of radioactivity in toilets used by a total number of 202 patients injected with 99m Tc-based radiopharmaceuticals over a period of 60 days for the level of radioactivity. Results: The minimum background radiation level measured was 0.18 µSv/h while the maximum was 0.44 µSv/h and the mean background reading was 0.28 µSv/h. The readings recorded for the male toilets were: 0.1 µSv/h minimum, 5.62 µSv/h maximum with a mean of 0.52 µSv/h while those for the female patients were 0.19 µSv/h minimum, 21.73 µSv/h maximum and a mean of 3.3 µSv/h. Conclusions: In conclusion, the radiation levels from toilets used by patients injected with 99m Tc-based radiopharmaceuticals were within reasonable and acceptable limits and do not pose significant radiation risk to others.

Central Asian Journal of Global Health, 2015

The nuclear bomb testing conducted at the Semipalatinsk nuclear test site in Kazakhstan is of great importance for today’s radiation protection research, particularly in the area of low dose exposures. This type of radiation is of particular interest due to the lack of research in this field and how it impacts population health. In order to understand the possible health effects of nuclear bomb testing, it is important to determine what studies have been conducted on the effects of low dose exposure and dosimetry, and evaluate new epidemiologic data and biological material collected from populations living in proximity to the test site. With time, new epidemiological data has been made available, and it is possible that these data may be linked to biological samples. Next to linking existing and newly available data to examine health effects, the existing dosimetry system needs to be expanded and further developed to include residential areas, which have not yet been taken into acco...

2003

Isotopes in Environmental and Health Studies, 2011

Human and Ecological Risk Assessment, 2001

A delegation of five scientists participated in a U.S. National Research Council program to review the status of research on the health and environmental impacts of nuclear testing at the Semipalatinsk Test Site (STS) in the eastern region of the Republic of Kazakhstan. From 11 August through 25 August 2000, we visited several research institutes in Kazakhstan and consulted with numerous Kazakh researchers from academic disciplines ranging from radioecology to public health and medicine. We focused on reviewing data on the health and environmental impacts resulting from the testing. The health effects caused by the testing at STS have received a fair amount of study, and research using modern techniques such as fluorescence in situ hybridization and nuclear magnetic resonance will likely increase the reliability of dose reconstruction. However, the extent to which the STS is contaminated has not been adequately characterized, and the potential exposure to nomadic peoples and ecological receptors at the uncontrolled test site is not known. Additional research in these areas, and development of administrative controls for the site, appears warranted.

Journal of History Culture and Art Research

The aim of this study was to evaluate the information in the book about the usage of radium for treatment purposes in the light of current scientific knowledge by abbreviating and translating it into modern-day Turkish. With this study, Turkish Medical History will acquire a new source document. First, the book that was the subject of this work, was reviewed by the researchers. After the first evaluation, it was re-read by an academician, who is an expert in Turkish Language and Literature, and it was abbreviated in order to make it more articulate. Finally, after this process, the obtained information was interpreted in the light of current scientific knowledge. The book, which was written by a Turkish physician, covers utilization areas of radium, mechanism of effect and comparison with x-ray treatment. Written in the Young Turkish Republic about "modern medicine" practices, the book is considerably detailed and shows parallels with other practices of that period in the world. In addition to the brief theoretical information about the atom and radium, the application methods of radium treatment are covered by the book. Summarized information about the benefits and the risks of the treatment and warnings related to the practice can also be found in the book. The common feature of the medical books about x-ray and radium written almost a century ago is that they cover the theoretical information or the story of the discovery of x-ray and radium. On the other hand, "Radyumla Tedavi Esasları (The Principles of Radium Treatment)" was a unique pioneering work of its time covering the utilization methods of radium and x-ray, the advantages and disadvantages of these methods and the comparison of the two methods. It also discusses the administration methods of x-ray and radium, the pros and cons of these methods and the comparison of the two methods made it exclusive.

This paper presents an overview of nuclear-related activities and issues in Kazakhstan, describes current radio-ecological situation and outlines prospects for development of nuclear science and technology in the country. It is stated and discussed in details that in no other country of the world do issues of radio-ecology play such an important role due to the fact that around 13 percent of Kazakhstani territory is subjected to influence of known radiation hazards with more than 1 mln. people living there (about 6 percent of the Kazakhstani population.). After water, this sector is emerging as a major environmental threat factor. The present paper examines the impact of radiological hazards in the post-1991 phase. In fact, studies show that socio-political and economic well-being of present day Kazakhstan largely depend on how –well both the government and private sectors able to mitigate the radiological hazards generated from nuclear wastes.