Personality theory and human factors research

Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting

Anthropomorphism is the assignment of human traits to the behavior of computers. This may occur because humans are projecting their own mind onto the device. To measure this requires a direct comparison of mental traits, such as personality. This study seeks to determine if a personality inventory used for humans has items that can also be used to describe the perceived personality of computers. Participants rated the 50-Item IPIP Big Five Personality inventory for whether each question could describe a computer. Results show that only 16 of the items were rated at or above neutral in their ability to describe a computer. These items were validated with a factor analysis to show that they correspond to the dimensions of Conscientiousness and Openness in humans. This indicates that it may be possible to directly compare the ‘minds’ of humans and computers, but only on certain personality dimensions.

Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Innovation

The main purpose of this study was to analyze the relationship between the Big Five Personality Model and Cyberloafing. Results have demonstrated that the elements of the five-factor personality model are positively related to cyberloafing, and some factors are inversely related to cyberloafing. The five major elements of the five-factor personality model are Agreeableness, Openness to Experience, Neuroticism, Consciousness and Extraversion. Two of the five factors, i.e., Agreeableness and Consciousness, are inversely related to cyberloafing whereas Extraversion, Openness to Experience, and Neuroticism are linked positively. Furthermore, results suggest that Agreeableness and consciousness do not have a significant impact on cyberloafing. An individual with these traits is found to be more of a workaholic, because of their belief in commitment and work. This study findings have some valid implications for organizational managers to gain insight into employees’ personalities and thei...

Journal of experimental psychology. Applied, 2011

This study examined the relationship of operator personality (Five Factor Model) and characteristics of the task and of adaptive automation (reliability and adaptiveness-whether the automation was well-matched to changes in task demand) to operator performance, workload, stress, and coping. This represents the first investigation of how the Five Factors relate to human response to automation. One-hundred-sixty-one college students experienced either 75% or 95% reliable automation provided with task loads of either two or four displays to be monitored. The task required threat detection in a simulated uninhabited ground vehicle (UGV) task. Task demand exerted the strongest influence on outcome variables. Automation characteristics did not directly impact workload or stress, but effects did emerge in the context of trait-task interactions that varied as a function of the dimension of workload and stress. The pattern of relationships of traits to dependent variables was generally moder...

ADVANCES IN BUSINESS RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL

Implementing new technologies may bring about some positive as well as negative changes.Some negative side-effects of these changes may cause high turnover or burnout in companies. Meanwhile, as individuals may experience the stress and discomfort of dealing with challenging environment, recruiting process and human resources (HR) managers will be affected as well. Several factors will affect recruiting in various aspects. Among such factors, however, personality of the interviewee is one of the top reasons which could have some sort of significant impact on the rest of criteria. Many studies show the stress that comes from technology, called techno-stress, will affect the perception of users, and several studies demonstrate that the level of techno-stress will vary with personality of the people. However due to lack of studies we need to understand the impact of different aspects of personality on the relationship between techno-stress and adoption of technology. Therefore, this st...

2014

The internet has significantly help organization and companies operate efficiently.However, the convenience of computers and the internet opens up opportunities for employees to „loaf‟ on the job.Cyberloafing, or using Internet for non- work related purposes during working hours, could cause detrimental effects to organizations.It is believed that this behaviour is influenced by the individual personalities.This paper focuses on the relationships between five different personality traits and cyberloafing behaviour.A survey on civil servants was conducted in order to gain the information for the investigation.The raw data from the survey were then analysed using Pearson correlation analysis.It is found that two of the five main personality traits have significant negative relationship with cyberloafing behaviour.The two personality traits are conscientiousness and agreeableness.These suggested that a person with higher level of conscientiousness and agreeableness has lower tendency t...

2007

Designing Computer Agents with Personalities to Improve Human-Machine Collaboration in Complex Systems. The dynamic nature of complex systems and the overwhelming amount of data that must be handled by human operators requires the development of smart systems that augment human capabilities. For these systems human-agent collaboration is part of the system dynamic. Unfortunately the computer agent is not typically perceived by the human operator as a collaborative team member. This research addressed the key question of how to develop and evaluate computer agents with personality to enhance human-machine collaboration. To move towards this goal three research objectives were established: (1) develop agents with personality, (2) validate that humans perceive these agents as having a personality, and (3) evaluate if agents with personality enhance human-machine collaboration. Experimentation and development was carried out in three phases: Phase I: Identify actions, language, and/or behaviors that signify personality traits within a well known personality model (Big Five Factor). Participants rated personality traits and identified actions, language and behaviors that gave them their impressions. Phase II: Model agents in a multimodal environment and validate the personalities. Actions, language and behaviors were modeled into computer agents via visual, auditory, and tactile output supporting a uninhabited combat aerial vehicle (UCAV) military mission.

After integrating five higher-order personality traits in an extended model of technology acceptance, called for further research including personality in information systems research to understand the formation of perceptual beliefs and behaviors in more detail. To assist such future research endeavors, this article gives an overview on prior research discussing personality within the six plus two journals of the AIS Senior Basket (MISQ, ISR, JMIS, JAIS, EJIS, ISJ, JSIS, JIT) 1 . Therefore, the Theory of a Person approach (ToP) derived from psychology research serves as the underlying conceptual matrix. Within the literature analysis, we identify 30 articles discussing personality traits on distinct hierarchical levels in three fields of information systems research. Results of the literature analysis reveal a shift of examined traits over the last years. In addition, research gaps are identified so that propositions are derived. Further research results and implications are discussed within the article.

DEStech Transactions on Computer Science and Engineering, 2021

George and Mary (G&M) is a US patented cybernetics application of two talking heads which uses a repertoire of sentences to generate artificial conversation with no linguistic analysis or parsing. The underlying design assumption of G&M is age dependence: The artificial personality follows Age Trend Classification (ATC) model with four complex dimensions. The idea of adult age dependence contrasts with main currents in academic psychology, which assume a substantially constant personality in adulthood. The Big 5 personality traits are widely used as a psychological personality model, part of their popularity is the free availability of evaluation questionnaires. This work is a correlation study between four ATC and five Big 5 traits, taking into account age dependence, so that correlation is represented graphically as profiles rather than single values of correlation coefficients. The practical consequences of validated artificial personality include customized man-machine interaction to the age and personality of the users and targeted internet marketing.

2021

The aim of this literature review is to summarize the current state of research on the influence of the extended Big Five personality traits on the acceptance of technology and to uncover inconsistencies and gaps in knowledge. It focuses on the question of how the characteristics openness to experience, extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism and willingness to take risks affect people's acceptance of new technologies. Within the framework of the literature review, a total of 378 topic-relevant results were analyzed and ultimately a sample of 22 studies selected to reflect the current state of research. Upon review, most of these studies provide significant results for each of the six personality traits. Furthermore, it was found that most researchers use the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to measure technology acceptance and that the samples consisted mainly of students. In view of the increasing use of intelligent technologies in almost all areas of life...

Online Submission, 2006