Resistance to some Non conventional Pest Control Agents

South Asian research journal of biology and applied biosciences, 2022

Pesticide durability lasts to be one of the greatest significant subjects' confrontations with agricultural output. The defy in pesticide impedance and its administration is represented by the status of the western flower thrips Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae). This extremely offensive pest has a considerable tendency for evolving pesticide durability as of its biotic features, and situations of impedance to furthermost categories of insecticides utilized for its organization have been perceived. In conflict with pesticide durability in the western blossom thrips, quite a few insecticide impedance supervisions (IRM) approaches have been progressing about the universe and these conversations. Effective approaches depend on non-insecticidal strategies, for instance, biotic and cultural monitoring and steward vegetable durability, to diminish inhabitants' compressions, alternations amid pesticides of the diverse method of labor categories to maintain insecticide effectiveness, impedance observation, specimen to define the necessity for insecticide implementation and instruction to guarantee suitable operation. Further cautious insecticide utilization is conceivable by the progress of fully-initiated financial sill for extra harvesting organizations. Though cultivators will carry on to trust insecticides as a portion of western-blossom-thrips-and thrips-spread virus administration added effective administration of these pests will be accomplished by deeming their administration in the situation of complete united pest administration, through IRM being the main constituent of those complete approaches.

Pesticide Science, 1989

This introductory paper to the Rutgers Symposium outlines the background of the development of resistance to insecticides and discusses various aspects of the problem in the context of modern agrochemical practice. Resistance can only be countered by properly mounted management programmes, but the successful design and implementation of these requires a thorough understanding of the fundamental processes involved, and the importance of continuing research into these is stressed.

Resistant Pest Management Newsletter, 2012

ABSTRACT As with other insects, resistance to insecticides has become a limiting factor in the use of insecticides to control mosquitoes. Mosquito control depended on the use of insecticides for a long time (initially organochlorines, followed by organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids). This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis adult to the public health and agricultural insecticides, viz. DDT 4%, fenitrothion 1%, malathion 5%, bendiocarb 0.1%, propoxur 0.1%, deltamethrin 0.05% and lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05% at El Rahad Agricultural Corporation (RAC) area, Central Sudan, to provide base-line data about the Anopheles susceptibility, by determining their KDT50 and KDT95. The WHO procedure was adopted. The number of knockdown (Kd) mosquitoes were recorded after 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. of exposure. The percent mortalities after 24 hrs for each chemical were determined. The KDT50 and KDT95 were calculated with the 95% CL. These were as follows: for DDT 4% (34.84 and 74.41), in fenitrothion 1% (58.96 and 112.44), in malathion 5% (49.37 and 141.25), in bendiocarb 0.1% (97.20 and 292.06), in propoxur 0.1% (38.88 and 138.20), in deltamethrin 0.05% (58.30 and 147.82) and in lambda-cyhalothrin 0.05% (34.80 and 66.65) respectively. Some recommendations were listed: 1-The importance of annual monitoring and evaluation of insecticides commonly used in the area to evaluate the status of resistance. 2-Conducting bioassays for insecticides recommended but not commonly used. 3- Conducting bioassays for insecticides commonly used for other purposes and possibility for mosquitoes to come in contact with them. 4- Screening for new molecules with new modes of action. Keywords: Anopheles arabiensis, DDT, fenitrothion, malathion, Bendiocarb, Propoxur, delta-methrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, knockdown time, Resistance, El Rahad Agricultural corporation Scheme, Central Sudan

Science, 1986

2010

As with other insects, resistance to insecticides has become a limiting factor in the use of insecticides to control mosquitoes. Mosquito control depended on the use of insecticides for a long time (initially organochlorines, followed by organophosphates, carbamates and pyrethroids). This study aimed to determine the susceptibility of Anopheles arabiensis adult to the public health and agricultural insecticides, viz. DDT 4%, fenitrothion 1%, malathion 5%, bendiocarb 0.1%, propoxur 0.1%, deltamethrin 0.05% and lambdacyhalothrin 0.05% at El Rahad Agricultural Corporation (RAC) area, Central Sudan, to provide base-line data about the Anopheles susceptibility, by determining their KDT50 and KDT95. The WHO procedure was adopted. The number of knockdown (Kd) mosquitoes were recorded after 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 min. of exposure. The percent mortalities after 24 hrs for each chemical were determined. The KDT50 and KDT95 were calculated with the 95% CL. These were as follows: for DDT...

Ondo City Polytechnic , 2022

This lecture note will only for Science Laboratory Technology department at Ondo City Polytechnic

Pests Control and Acarology, 2019

She teaches Agricultural Entomology and Zoology. Her research interests include invasive and emergent insects on crops, botanical extracts and products for insect pest management. She has published articles in many international journals such as Industrial Crops and Products, Journal of Pest Science, Chemistry and Biodiversity, Bulletin OEPP/EPPO Bulletin, and Shilap-Revista De Lepidopterologia. She has also presented many papers at conferences, both locally and abroad. She is a reviewer of articles and chapters in impacted and indexed international journals.

Allelochemical effects were observed when Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) adults were treated with Baccharis salicifolia (Ruiz & Pavon) Pers essential oil. The main biological activities were toxicity and repellence. Terpenes present in the essential oil were identified by GC-MS, and some authentic samples were tested to assess their activity individually. The most acutely toxic compounds after 3 days were β-pinene and pulegone. Most of the monoterpenes elicited symptoms indicative of neurotoxicity. The most repellent compound was α-terpineol. Toxic and repellent effects of chemical derivatives of the major sesquiterpene present in B salicifolia essential oil, as well as a series of monoterpenes, were evaluated in order to investigate structure-activity relationships. The reduced derivatives of the monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes were more repellent that their carbonyl analogues. In addition, unsaturation in the germacrane skeleton enhanced repellent activity.

Crop protection chemicals known as pesticides are playing a significant role to ensure food security. Besides controlling pests in agriculture, they are also used in human and animal health programmes. Development of resistant pests poses a real challenge towards the effectiveness of these toxic pesticides leading to their increased application associated with residual toxicity in food and environment. An estimated 954 pest species which include arthropods, weeds and plant pathogens have developed resistance against various types of pesticides, viz. insecticides, herbicides and fungicides. Resistance development in pest populations is influenced by biological, genetic and operational factors. Various mechanisms involved in resistance development in insects, microbes and weeds are discussed. The extent of insecticide, fungicide and herbicide resistance in various pest species is also highlighted. Effective pest and resistance management practices require understanding the factors influencing its development. The important role of Insecticide Resistance Action Committee (IRAC), Fungicide Resistance Action Committee (FRAC) and Herbicide Resistance Action Committee (HRAC) for resistance management is indicated. Strategies to mitigate the resistance development in conventional pesticides, use of Plant Incorporated Protectants (PIPs) and biopesticides as alternative to chemical pesticides along with some general recommendations are suggested for adoption.

Agricultural and Forest Entomology, 2008

The stability of the resistance in the Western Flower Thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande) to selective insecticides (acrinathrin, formetanate and methiocarb) was studied in both laboratory and field conditions. 2 In laboratory strains reared over a sufficient number of generations in insecticide free-conditions, levels of resistance were stable. 3 Laboratory strains selected for resistance showed moderate to very high levels of resistance. In the strain ACR9, very highly resistant to acrinathrin [resistance factor (RF) > 1000-fold], resistance was maintained with little change after 5 and 8 months without acrinathrin exposure. In the MET9 strain, resistance to methiocarb (RF = 40) was maintained after 5 months without selection pressure (RF = 33). However, 3 months later, there was a significant increase in the susceptibility to this insecticide (RF = 10). The formetanate resistance in the FOR7 strain showed a no significant decline during the 8 months without selection (from RF = 31 to RF = 17). 4 The field-collected strains from sweet pepper greenhouses (PTF4, PP2 and PM5) showed a marked fall in the LC 50 to acrinathrin and methiocarb, and a slight decrease to formetanate, after being reared in the laboratory in the absence of selection pressure for 8 months. 5 In greenhouses, a significant fall in resistance to the selected insecticides was produced when insecticide pressure was withdrawn, at the end of the season, probably caused by the immigration of thrips from nearby crops or weeds, and the dilution of resistance through interbreeding with susceptible individuals. 6 Factors influencing stability or reversion of insecticide resistance are discussed.