ALLS, Vol 8, No 2 (2017)

Macrolinguistics, 2019

A Contrastive Analysis of Conditionals in English and Moroccan Arabic: Potential problems when learning English conditionals by Moroccan EFL learners Macrolinguistics (2019) 111 apodoses of English conditionals since the prevalent form in the apodoses of MA conditionals is the imperfective.

Advances in Language and Literary Studies, 2017

Conditional sentences are made of two clauses namely "if-clause" and "main clause". Conditionals have been noted by scholars and grammarians as a difficult area of English for both teachers and learners. The two clauses of conditional sentences and their form, tense and meaning could be considered the main difficulty of conditional sentences. In addition, some of non-native speakers do not have sufficient knowledge of the differences between conditional sentences in the two languages and they tried to solve their problems in their second language by using their native language. The aim of this study was to analyse the use of conditional sentences by Arab students of English in semantic and syntactic situations. For the purpose of this study, 20 Arab students took part in the questionnaire, they were all studying different subjects and degrees (bachelor, master and PhD) at Coventry University. The results showed that the use of type three conditionals and modality can be classified as the most difficult issues that students struggle to understand and use.

A Contrastive Analysis of Conditionals in English and Moroccan Arabic: Potential problems when learning English conditionals by Moroccan EFL, 2019

A Contrastive Analysis of Conditionals in English and Moroccan Arabic: Potential problems when learning English conditionals by Moroccan EFL learners Macrolinguistics (2019) 111 apodoses of English conditionals since the prevalent form in the apodoses of MA conditionals is the imperfective.

This study describes conditional constructions in Moroccan Arabic (henceforth MA) using a cognitive approach. Adopting the typology of conditional constructions suggested by Dancygier (1999) and Dancygier & Sweetser (2005), this study examines conditional constructions that are introduced by the particles īla (‫إﻻ‬), lūkān (‫,)ﻟوﻛـــــــــــﺎن‬ ūkakān (‫,)وﻛﻛــــــــــﺎن‬ kūn (‫ـــــون‬ ‫,)ﻛـ‬ kānkūn (‫ــــــــــــﺎﻧﻛون‬ ‫,)ﻛـ‬ ūkān (‫.)وﻛــــــــﺎن‬ MA has the three main categories that exist in English, namely predictive conditionals, non-predictive conditionals, and generic conditionals. However, unlike English, MA has just eight sub-types. The two types which do not exist in MA are Elliptical conditionals and the absence of the distinction between weak and strong predictive conditionals. The two belong to one type called distanced predictive conditionals. MA conditionals are introduced by either īla or kūn. The main distinction between the two lies in the attitude the speaker has toward the fulfillment of the propositions expressed in the construction. Concerning, non-distanced predictive conditionals, both conjunctions are used except for speech act conditionals. Verb forms reveal the position the speaker holds toward the fulfillment of the proposition in the different conditional types. Finally, a generic conditional category in MA behaves in a different way than it does in English. While it can refer to both present and past in English, it seems that it is independent of time in MA. Hence, we cannot use adverbs of time with a generic conditional.

Abdelhakim Boubekri, 2019

：Learning to handle hypothetical situations in a new language is always difficult (Catford, et al., 1974). This rule holds true for Moroccan Arabic (henceforth MA) speakers learning English because grammatical devices in the two languages differ in almost all equivalent situations. For instance, while English verb forms are used to indicate tense in conditional sentences, MA uses them to indicate aspect. Adopting the typology of conditional constructions suggested by Dancygier (1999) and Dancygier & Sweetser (2005), this study provides a contrastive analysis of conditionals in English and MA to predict the possible errors EFL/ESL learners are likely to make while learning English. The analysis shows that the main discrepancy between English conditionals and MA conditionals lies in the verb form used by the two systems. Accordingly, if EFL/ESL learners are influenced by verb form in their L1, they are likely to face some challenges while learning English conditionals. That is, they are likely to use the past tense in the protases of English predictive conditionals and generic conditionals since the perfective form of the verb is used in the protases of these two types in MA. Concerning the protases of English non-predictive conditionals, Moroccan EFL/ESL learners are likely to use either the past tense or the present tense since both the perfective and the imperfective forms of the verb are possible in the protases of MA non-predictive conditionals. However, due to the fact that the perfective form is the prototypical form in the protases of conditionals in MA, EFL/ESL learners are likely to use the past tense more often than the present tense. The analysis also shows that EFL/ESL learners tend to use the present tense in the * Boubekri Abdelhakim: PhD candidate in Second Language Acquisition,

Studies in Contrastive Linguistics Proceedings of the 4th International Contrastive Linguistics Conference Santiago De Compostela Septiembre 2005 2006 Isbn 84 9750 648 0 Pags 253 264, 2006

This study attempted to assess the acquisition of conditional sentences by Arab learners of EFL at the levels of recognition and production. The analysis showed that the overall percentage of correct responses in both recognition and production was 44%. The subjects' overall performance in recognition was higher than theirs in production. The major problems the subjects' encountered relate to the subjects' inability to relate form to function in conditional sentences. The findings also revealed that implicit conditionals were the most difficult to recognize and produce. Furthermore, the tense-time relationship and the mismatch between verb forms in the two parts of the sentence constituted a major source of difficulty for the learners. Finally, the study revealed that most subjects are not familiar with the alternate forms of conditionals.

Abdelhakim Boubekri, 2019

This study describes conditional constructions in Moroccan Arabic (henceforth MA) using a cognitive approach. Adopting the tripartite classification of conditionals namely factual, hypothetical, and counterfactual by Comrie (1986), this study examines conditional constructions that are introduced by the particles ila ‫)إال(‬ and kun ‫.)كون(‬ The analysis shows that there are two basic types of conditional constructions in MA depending on whether the 'if-clause' represents a possible condition (real conditional) as in: ila ilǝᶜbu mǝzyan, irǝbḥu 'If they play well, they will win'; or a contrary-to-fact/impossible condition (unreal conditional) as in kun ğa, nǝmšiw kamlin 'If he came, we would go'. In real conditional constructions, Abdelhakim Boubekri Ph.D. candidate in Second Language Acquisition Studies,

Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities

Translation of conditional sentences without ' if ' is regarded a thorny area, since it requires the translator's realization of the syntactic system that determines the well-formed sentence structures. The meaning through grammar is a basic significance in this study, which sheds light on the words ordering links (i.e., syntax) in a certain context. Thus, English conditionals without 'if' form, tense and meaning are difficult areas in the translation process into Arabic. On the syntactic level, the structural disparity between English and Arabic constitutes a stumbling block, in that English conditionals are without subordinator ' if ' and determined by the verb tense. Unlike Arabic, only the particles determine the conditional type and its meaning. So, this mismatch between the two languages involved is one of the main factors that brings out inappropriate translation. This study aims to analyze conditional sentences without ' if ' syntactically...

The present study shades light on one of the most important problems that face advanced Iraqi students of translation. This problem is the translation of English conditional clauses into Arabic .It is hypothesized that advanced Iraqi students commit a number of mistakes in their translations of conditional clauses. The study begins with reviewing and summarizing condition and conditional clauses in both English and Arabic. In order to check the validity of the hypothesis made above, a test has been carried out on fourth year students of translation in the Department of Translation, University of Basra. The students' translations are analyzed to identify the most problematic structures. Finally, the study ends with a number of conclusions.

2014

ii The objective of this thesis is to provide a description and analysis for conditional sentences and relative clauses that express conditional meanings in Modern Standard Arabic and the Taif Dialect. It argues that the conditional sentence that is intro-duced by the conjunction Pin in Modern Standard Arabic is always a real conditional, whereas the conditional sentence that is introduced by the conjunction law is an un-real conditional. In addition, the thesis suggests that the apodosis in the Taif Dialect plays a main role in identifying the type of conditional. In this case, if the apodosis contains kān or yikūn, the conditional is unreal. Otherwise, the conditional sentence is real. Also, the thesis argues that the conditional sentence is a complex sentence that has two clauses, a subordinate clause and matrix clause. The subordinate clause is introduced by the conditional conjunction and expresses the condition while the matrix clause gives the result. The subordinate or the...