Chap6.ppt

Journal of Pakistan Association of Dermatology, 2016

Biostatistics is part and parcel of biomedical research. The data from biomedical studies require statistical treatment for its effective presentation and correct interpretation. The choice of appropriate statistical methods to be applied depends upon the kind of data and variables. Different types of variables (characteristics) generate different types of data. Variables can be classified in many ways; qualitative and quantitative, nominal and ordinal or discrete and continuous. Different measurement scales are used to measure different types of variables; nominal & ordinal scales for qualitative and interval & ratio scale for quantitative variables. Different statistical methods/tests are employed for presentation and analysis of different types of data. For qualitative data; percentage, proportions, rate, ratios, standard error of proportions, chi-square test etc. are applied. While mean, range, standard deviation, coefficient of variation, correlation coefficient, etc. are emplo...

Annals of cardiac anaesthesia

Measurement scale is an important part of data collection, analysis, and presentation. In the data collection and data analysis, statistical tools differ from one data type to another. There are four types of variables, namely nominal, ordinal, discrete, and continuous, and their nature and application are different. Graphs are a common method to visually present and illustrate relationships in the data. There are several statistical diagrams available to present data sets. However, their use depends on our objectives and data types. We should use the appropriate diagram for the data set, which is very useful for easily and quickly communicating summaries and findings to the audience. In the present study, statistical data type and its presentation, which are used in the field of biomedical research, have been discussed.

Statistics is concerned with scientific methods for collecting, organizing, summarizing, Presenting and analyzing data as well as deriving valid conclusions and making reasonable Decisions on the basis of this analysis. Statistics is concerned with the systematic collection of Numerical data and its interpretation.

Weathington/Understanding Business Research, 2012

The z -score is a standard deviate that allows you to use the standard normal distribution. The normal distribution has a mean of 0.0 and a standard deviation of 1.0. The normal distribution is symmetrical. The values in .1 represent the proportion of area in the standard normal curve that occurs between specific points. The table contains z -scores between 0.00 and 3.98. Because the normal distribution is symmetrical, the table represents z -scores ranging between −3.98 and 3.98.