China’s Energy Interest in Central Asia

2017

China is taking steps to ensure energy security in meeting its energy demands. These involve investments made in projects of exploration and operation of oil deposits abroad, implementation of negotiations concerning the necessity of international oil and natural gas pipelines, formation of strategic oil reserves, construction of refineries to process oil that comes from the Middle East, development of natural gas industry, and gradual opening of offshore areas to foreign companies for research and development. China is taking these steps due to its concerns about dependence on imported energy because this dependence on imported energy resources may be used by forces that want to influence or pressure China.

The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly, 2006

The China and Eurasia Forum Quarterly is a Central Asia-Caucasus & Silk Road Studies Program publication. The Central Asia-Caucasus Institute & Silk Road Studies Program is a joint transatlantic independent and externally funded research and policy center. The Joint Center has offices in Washington and Uppsala, and is affiliated with the Paul H.

Ekonomik ve Sosyal Araştırmalar Dergisi, 2021

This study aims to propose that how Kazakhstan plays a role in the context of China's energy security and in which situations the existing problems such as Kazakhstan's nationalization policy in the energy sector or the lack of mutual trust and rising interdependence in the direction of bilateral energy cooperation could be overcome and new opportunities could be provided. Although Kazakhstan has a very small import ratio in China's energy supply, the reason why it attracts multi-faceted investments from China will be highlighted. This study firstly tries to clarify how China's energy security problem has emerged, and in this direction, and what kind of approaches has been adopted in its foreign policy is probed. Later, these approaches are tested and evaluated in the case of Kazakhstan. It is concluded that on the one hand Kazakhstan is a reliable location in terms of energy security as there are less geopolitical risks when compared to high seas and narrow passages; and on the other hand, China is aware that it cannot benefit enough from the energy sources without first achieving economic stability in the country. In this regard, it is also revealed how non-energy investments in the context of Belt and Road Initiative have a direct relationship with the energy security policy of China.

Defense & Security Analysis, 2003

The International Journal of Economic and Social Research, 2021

This study aims to propose that how Kazakhstan plays a role in the context of China's energy security and in which situations the existing problems such as Kazakhstan's nationalization policy in the energy sector or the lack of mutual trust and rising interdependence in the direction of bilateral energy cooperation could be overcome and new opportunities could be provided. Although Kazakhstan has a very small import ratio in China's energy supply, the reason why it attracts multi-faceted investments from China will be highlighted. This study firstly tries to clarify how China's energy security problem has emerged, and in this direction, and what kind of approaches has been adopted in its foreign policy is probed. Later, these approaches are tested and evaluated in the case of Kazakhstan. It is concluded that on the one hand Kazakhstan is a reliable location in terms of energy security as there are less geopolitical risks when compared to high seas and narrow passages; and on the other hand, China is aware that it cannot benefit enough from the energy sources without first achieving economic stability in the country. In this regard, it is also revealed how non-energy investments in the context of Belt and Road Initiative have a direct relationship with the energy security policy of China.

The scale of China’s energy import requirement, along with the short-term unpredictability of the scale of these imports in the cases of oil and coal, has made China a significant player in energy international trade. This has affected not only international prices for energy products, but also the direction of energy flows. The concomitant expansion of international investment and service provision by its national oil companies and of diplomatic initiatives by the government has drawn China into almost every major oil and gas province around the world. The aim of this chapter is to examine China’s current and future energy needs and the strategies the government and enterprises are pursuing in order to enhance the national security of energy supply.

Kebangkitan Cina sesungguhnya tidak realistis jika diamati dari produksi dan konsumsi energi negara ini. Sejak 1992, tingkat konsumsi energi Cina jauh lebih tinggi daripada produksinya dan tingkat konsumsi itu diprediksi semakin meningkat pesat di masa depan. Kondisi ini mendorong Pemerintah Cina untuk berburu sumber-sumber energi di seluruh dunia dengan membeli ladang-ladang minyak di luar negeri, terutama di Afrika dan Timur Tengah. Selain itu, mereka juga membangun jalur pipa yang menghubungkan minyak dari negara-negara tetangganya seperti Kazakhstan dan Rusia ke daratan Cina. Sayangnya, strategi ini tidak berjalan dengan mulus karena Amerika Serikat dan Jepang, dua pesaing utama Cina, sering mengganggunya. Kedua negara itu merasa terancam oleh kebangkitan Cina sehingga mereka selalu berupaya menghambat tindakan Cina. Karena itu, jika Cina tidak dapat mengatasi masalah ini, impiannya untuk menjadi negara adikuasa di masa mendatang akan semakin sulit dicapai. Kata-Kata Kunci: energi, kebangkitan Cina, jalur pipa minyak, investasi asing.

China has in recent years risen to the top of the list of energy importing nations. Sometime in the past decade it overtook the United States as the world’s largest consumer of imported energy (IEA, 2014). The dramatic increase of China’s share in international energy markets has prompted the government in Beijing to prioritise relations with external suppliers. These include some of China’s closes neighbours as well as countries geographically remote from China. The country’s rapid economic growth and securing the means to fuel this growth have come to dominate Beijing’s thinking on foreign policy. China’s external relations increasingly prioritise making overseas investments in new sources of imported energy. As a result, its energy security and foreign relations have become inextricably intertwined. This special issue contains several scholarly works that explore the modalities of China’s energy security strategy and its impact on the country’s commercial relations with the rest of the world. Contributions assess the environmental implications of this strategy and discuss what it tells us about China as an international actor. The approach to energy security, geopolitics and the environment taken in this special issue is interdisciplinary. The articles presented here draw on approaches and methodologies from the disciplines of economics, management, political ecology, area studies and international relations to study China’s energy diplomacy and its international impact. Contributions cover a range of energy sources, from petroleum and natural gas to solar, hydropower and other renewables.

China now accounts for almost 20 percent of the world's energy consumption and its demand is still growing at high speed. In order to keep up with the expanding industry China turns to Central Asia with ambitious gas line projects and considers countries such as Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan to be key factors in its energy security nexus.

Energy Policy, 2011

China, now the world's second-largest economy, is worried about energy security, which underpins the core objectives of Beijing and the political legitimacy of the Communist Party of China. The purpose of this study is to explore certain popular myths about China's energy security. The study consists of six parts. After the introduction, it formulates the obscure concept of ''energy security'' and attempts to contextualize it with ''Chinese characteristics.'' Then it explicitly points out that the largest driver of oil demand by China as the ''World's Factory'' is transport instead of industry. Next, it explores the effectiveness of transnational pipelines as a measure of energy security and explains why they are less effective than many observers have previously assumed. Furthermore, it investigates the global expansion of Chinese national oil companies and questions their actual contribution to energy security. A few concluding remarks then follow.