Sanitary Landfill Method of Solid Waste Disposal

Flies. Their reproductive cycle varies according to the temperature. A fly can reach adulthood in 8-20 days and it can fly up to 10 km in 24 hours. It reproduces in moist human and animal excreta (farms, badly built latrines, open defecation, treatment sludge, garbage, etc.) (Figure 1.1). It is estimated that one kilogram of organic matter serves for the reproduction of some 70,000 flies. Refuse is the main source of reproduction of the housefly, which transmits diseases and is responsible for millions of deaths worldwide. The key to getting rid of 9 Source: Departamento de Engenharia Sanitária e Ambiental, DESA/UPMG. Fundação Estadual do Meio Ambiente. Manual de saneamento e proteção ambiental para os municipios. FEMA, MG. 1995. 1.3.2 Impact on the environment The most obvious environmental effect of inadequate MSW management is the aesthetic deterioration of both urban and rural landscapes. The degradation of the natural landscape caused by uncontrolled waste disposal is increasing. Open dumps and piles of garbage have become an increasingly common sight. Glossary Aerobic. Relative to life or processes that can only occur in the presence of oxygen. Anaerobic. The condition under which no free oxygen exists. The requirement of the absence of air or oxygen for the degradation of organic matter. Berm. Space between the toe of the slope and the external slope of the embankment. Biodegradable. A quality of organic matter meaning that it can be metabolized by biological means. Biogas. Mixture of gases of low molecular weight (methane, carbon dioxide, etc.), that are the product of anaerobic decomposition of organic matter. Carbon dioxide. A colorless gas, heavier than air, the formula of which is CO 2. It is highly soluble in water, where it forms corrosive weak acid solutions. Not flammable due to its anaerobic metabolism. Cell. Geometric conformation given to the MSW and to the cover material duly compacted by means of mechanical equipment or by the workers in a sanitary landfill. Commercial solid waste. The waste generated in commercial establishments (warehouses, hotels, restaurants, cafeterias and markets). Compaction. The action of compressing any matter in order to reduce the empty spaces in it. The purpose of compaction in the sanitary landfill is to reduce the volume occupied by the MSW to obtain greater stability and a longer useful life. Contaminant. Any element, matter, substance, compound, as well as any kind of thermal energy, ionizing radiation, vibration, or noise which, on being incorporated into, or acting upon, any element of the physical environment, alters or modifies its state and composition, or which affects flora, fauna or human health. Soil, air and water should be understood as physical environment. Control. Surveillance and application of the measures necessary for compliance with established regulations. Control building. The construction located at the main entrance to the sanitary landfill that serves as gatehouse and as a place to keep tools; it also houses the sanitary facilities. 226 Guidelines for the Design, Construction and Operation of Manual Sanitary Landfills Cover material. The surface layer of earth in each cell, the purpose of which is to isolate the waste from the external environment, control infiltration, and keep harmful fauna away. Cubature. The determination of the volume of any material or space taking the cubic meter as a unit. Cut. The action of lowering a material by mechanical or manual means, in this case the terrain where a sanitary landfill will be constructed. Degradable. The quality certain substances or compounds have of gradually decomposing by physical, chemical or biological means. Density. The mass or quantity of matter of MSW contained in a unit of volume. Design. Drawing or outline of a work or figure. The term is applied to the basic project of the landfill. Domestic solid waste. The waste that by its nature, composition, quantity, and volume is generated by activities carried out in homes or in any other establishment with similar characteristics. Drain. A structure that serves to clear soils of excess moisture. Embankment. The mass of earth that is used to fill a hole or that is raised to build a defense, a road or similar work. Environment. The set of elements, either natural or man-made, that interact in a certain space and time. Environmental impact. Modification of the environment caused by the action of man or of nature. Final disposal. The definitive depositing of MSW at a site in appropriate conditions to prevent damage to the ecosystems. Flow. Situation in which each particle of water moves in a direction parallel to that of any other. Garbage. Garbage is understood to be all solid or semisolid waste (with the exception of human or animal excreta) that has no value either for those who produce it or for those who possess it. Included in the same definition are refuse, ashes,

Management of solid wastes is a major challenge these days for the planners, administrators, engineers. Solid wastes are generated in tones and need to be collected, transported and finally disposed off. These operations should be carried out properly and also we have to make sure that it does not become too expensive or it also does not cause any harm to the environment. In developing countries, it is common to find large heaps of garbage festering all over the city. The problem gets further complicated due to large population and the obsolete techniques employed for waste management .For disposal of solid the insanitary methods has been adopted. Waste is a serious health concern. Techniques and technologies however are available and indigenous methods can be developed for managing these wastes properly. Solid wastes are simply material at the wrong place, which can be segregated, transformed, recycled and reused with great financial and environment benefits. Water enters into a la...

Design Philosophy of the Reusable Sanitary Landfill/RSL, sustainable wet-cell, from the 1st Generation (Open Dumping) into 7th. Generation of SW-Landfill Technology. Adjusment of the Landfill structure and operation of filling activity.

Proceedings of VIII SIBESA, 2008

Counties with a population of no more than 20,000 inhabitants are considered small-sized counties in Brazil, and they dispose the urban solid wastes directly in the soil. 4,004 out of 5,561 Brazilian counties have a population no larger than 20,000 urban inhabitants (IBGE -Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics, 2002 apud Paiva, 2004). Its implantation cost represents around 10% of the work value of a conventional landfill because it dispenses liners, scale, and stabilization pond of resulting liquid of its leaching. The use of machines for its operation is not foreseen, which also reduces the operation cost. In Bahia, the State Government implanted 35 simplified sanitary landfills, between the years of 2002 and 2005, however, according to the Public Ministry of State of Bahia Report , only 68,8% of these landfills have an operation between acceptable and regular. This work refers to the experience of State Government and the attempt to improve the situation of final destination of urban solid wastes. Despite it is possible to find positive actions, most of City Halls, federate entity responsible for solid wastes systems, cannot operate the landfills in suitable conditions.

International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 2014

Attending sustainability in waste management require an option that employs environmental friendliness. The generation of municipal solid waste is increasing year by year and there are many options for handling and disposing these wastes. Major environmental concerns of municipal landfills revolve around quantity and quality of leachate, gas generation, and decomposition processes occurring therein. Minimizing the time period for maximum biodegradation to reduce leachate and gas emissions after landfill closure, ease the requirement of leachate treatment, and reclamation of landfill site. In this context, several enhancement techniques are being implemented to increase the biological activity in the landfills. As early as 1970, researchers started exploring the potential of applying leachate recirculation in landfills to enhance the stabilization of waste and generation of landfill gas. This paper reviews the benefits of bioreactor landfill operation techniques with the conventional landfill techniques from past and ongoing field trials and culminates with the need for the research on the promising technology in India.

2004

For two decades, solid waste components in World Bank projects have focused on collection of solid wastes, with equipment provided to upgrade operations at existing open dumps. Since early 1990, the private sector has become increasingly being involved in the collection, disposal, and treatment of solid waste and World Bank projects have placed greater priority on implementation of new sanitary landfills. The following guidance provides an examination of some of the issues which need to be addressed in landfill siting and design.

2014

Attending sustainability in waste management require an option that employs environmental friendliness. The generation of municipal solid waste is increasing year by year and there are many options for handling and disposing these wastes. Major environmental concerns of municipal landfills revolve around quantity and quality of leachate, gas generation, and decomposition processes occurring therein. Minimizing the time period for maximum biodegradation to reduce leachate and gas emissions after landfill closure, ease the requirement of leachate treatment, and reclamation of landfill site. In this context, several enhancement techniques are being implemented to increase the biological activity in the landfills. As early as 1970, researchers started exploring the potential of applying leachate recirculation in landfills to enhance the stabilization of waste and generation of landfill gas. This paper reviews the benefits of bioreactor landfill operation techniques with the conventional...

Jurnal Rekayasa Kimia & Lingkungan, 2013

In many affluent countries waste management is experiencing a fast transition from landfilling to sophisticated recycling and waste to energy plants. Thus, landfilling of waste becomes less important in these countries. The present paper discusses whether a similar development will take place in transition economies, or waste management systems will mainly rely on landfilling in the near future. For this purpose, the current waste management practices and associated environmental impacts as well as the economic situation of different countries in economic transition are analyzed. Based on the status quo, scenarios for improving waste management are developed and evaluated. Criteria for evaluation are economic parameters, and indicators pointing out if the goals of waste management (protection of human health and the environment, the conservation of resources), are reached. Based on the results of selected case studies, it is shown that for regions that can afford less than 20 €/capi...

European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences

Landfill is as old as mankind, and it is the most common and popular waste disposal globally; it is very likely to be the mostly used method for some time to come despite efforts to recycle and re-use waste materials. However, in many respects landfilling has been highly criticised by stakeholders and regarded as the opposite of sustainability because of the health hazard and environmental burden it constitutes. The efficiency of landfilling rests on technical, economic, and legal framework which seems to be inadequate in many countries. The essence of sustainable landfill is to ensure that the environmental parameters e.g., methane, leachate, etc. are reduced to acceptable risk level (inert waste) in order to prevent damage to humans and the environment. Many European countries in compliance with 2008/98/EC along with 94/62/EC Directive have been able to reduce heavy reliance on the landfill; however, this has raised the use of other waste management methods e.g., Sweden share of l...