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The professional activities in the last years have changed, moving through the use of digital resources, hardware and so ware, email, host-ing environments, business processes and so on. Nowadays, any professional has to confront with technological resources, digital environment , devices, Internet and networks. In the professional legal context there are many entities involved: professionals, Bar Associations, Bar Council, public bodies, clients, security funds, judicial system, banks, and more. This represents a true legal ecosystem, that is an environment within which is generated daily a very big data traffic. There are legal issues related to privacy and data protection that can be addressed by Software Management System. A Privacy Management System (PMS) is a software system working on the PbD principles and structured on the AI and ML principles. In the following paragraph it will be presented the solution. At the same time in a legal ecosystem an expert system software helps professionals; this software learns after each research reducing more and more the margin of error. In a few time a lawyer will have a powerful professional automate assistant by which earn time and money, but with a high level of competence mainly on the contents.
Peer reviewed referred Aarhat Electronic International Interdisciplinary Research Journal (EIIRJ), 2021
In India, there are around 4.5 Crore cases pending before the judiciary. A Legal System is largely depending upon litigation and non-litigation work. Non-Litigation work involves continuous and monotonous tasks that can be effectively resolved using technology. Global Legal market witnessed Legal Tech revolution in 2013 when the concept of 'Smart Contract' stepped in. Now, global legal industry is rapidly changing and getting ready to adopt new changes happened due to technology. In India, AI revolution is not so far. Around 4% lawyers in India make a successful use of AI technology to carry day to day legal tasks. NITI Aayog is also looking positively towards implementation of AI in legal industry that will offer safety and security. India is yet to take resourceful measures on it. After observing the relevant reports and data available in the market, there are several questions that needs to be focused such as legal personality of AI, its liability and responsibilities, regularization of proposal by NITI Aayog and Data Protection Policy in case of AI implementation.
International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology
The paper focuses on the impacts that Artificial intelligence can have on the legal profession. The computerization of the various jobs in different sectors due to the advancement of technology has made the work of human to be replaced by computers and robots. There are anxiety and fear hovering over the minds of the people that whether their jobs are going to be taken up and replaced by the computers in the future. The impact of technology is certainly having an impact on the various sectors making them prone to the use of such technology. Similarly, the legal profession is also affected by the advancement of technology and much truly has gone through an adoption of such technologies. There has been a constant debate among the people involved in the legal industry that whether Artificial Intelligence or technology advancement is going to take up the jobs of the lawyers working at the lower and middlelevel handling research work and drafting process etc., or whether is it going to be proved as a boom to the legal industry by making the task easier. The paper is divided into broadly four sections. Firstly it explains briefly to the readers what Artificial Intelligence really is in a layman's language; secondly it explains the presence of artificial intelligence in the legal industry talking about its history and impact from then onwards; third part talks about the various pros and cons which artificial intelligence have or might have on the legal industry; the fourth and the last part talks about how the advantages of artificial intelligence outweighs the cons it has. Though AI is a new concept to many, the paper tries to explain all such information's and impacts it might have in a layman's language.
Proceedings of the 12th UUM International Legal Conference 2023 (UUMILC 2023), 2023
The study was undertaken to reflect on the values of modern artificial intelligence systems in the context of the use of such systems in legal, especially law enforcement activities. The application of artificial intelligence in the research focuses on the properties of fairness, accountability, and transparency. Fairness should exclude distortions in the operation of artificial intelligence systems, caused by the settings of scales or the specifics of the dataset collected for training the system. Accountability is seen as the property of an AI system to protect user data that is included in a dataset or processed by an AI system. Transparency, on the other hand, reflects the ability to verify the decision logic of an AI system and reverse-engineer its algorithm. This property is currently the least attainable, but it is directly related to the evaluation of the effectiveness of AI, and hence to the possibilities of integrating such systems into legal activities. This paper uses the current understanding of the capabilities of systems based on machine learning methods: convolutional artificial neural networks and transformer networks. The study reveals differences and discussions of AI perspectives in legislation and the state of legal regulation, public and academic approaches to this issue in the European Union, the USA, Canada, Singapore, China, Russia, and Kazakhstan. As a result, the study proposes a set of recommendations for banning/restricting the use of artificial intelligence and decision support systems, considering national and international legislation.
Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications, 2021
The book series Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence and Applications (FAIA) covers all aspects of theoretical and applied Artificial Intelligence research in the form of monographs, selected doctoral dissertations, handbooks and proceedings volumes. The FAIA series contains several sub-series, including 'Information Modelling and Knowledge Bases' and 'Knowledge-Based Intelligent Engineering Systems'. It also includes the biennial European Conference on Artificial Intelligence (ECAI) proceedings volumes, and other EurAI (European Association for Artificial Intelligence, formerly ECCAI) sponsored publications. The series has become a highly visible platform for the publication and dissemination of original research in this field. Volumes are selected for inclusion by an international editorial board of well-known scholars in the field of AI. All contributions to the volumes in the series have been peer reviewed. The FAIA series is indexed in
International Journal of Law Management & Humanities
Artificial Intelligence (AI) is a concept that the intelligence should be artificially exhibited by computer systems which were previously unique to mankind. These AI algorithms can analyze and solve different complex problems without human assistance. Thus, analysis of data including personal data by AI and to reach an intelligent decision has provoked various sectors to use these AI algorithms. Thus, use of AI has benefited considerably different sectors. However, such easy access to the personal data by AI has brought in ethical and legal dilemmas for ensuring logical balance between use of personal data by AI and fundamental privacy protection rights of personal data. These dilemmas have become instrumental for rapid advancement of technology and its ever-increasing use in the society through AI algorithms. This modern technology has become able to easily access and analyze Personally Identifiable Information (PII) which has made different organizations updated to achieve success. This has also lead to question if the privacy of personal data is at stake, especially when Supreme Court of India in a recent judgement (Puttaswamy and Anr v Union of India & Ors) has held that right to privacy is a fundamental right under the constitution. The apex court further observed inter alia that there is a need of technology-neutral data protection law to control the growing use of AI in India under the legal discipline. In this background, this paper has tried to analyze as to how applications of AI can be guarded not to endanger data privacy from legal perspective under different platforms, whether the personal data protection bill is adequate to combat the misuse of AI in India, what are the legal issues to put a balance between use of AI and data privacy protection.
Artificial Intelligence plays a quintessential role in the development of such a market wherein there is a possibility of reducing the burden on the humans and act as an assistant to provide for the upgradation and better quality of alternative solution which will help in the progress as well as development of the countries. This goes on to prove the fact that the assistance in the legal field have been able to provide for the upgradation and a qualitative approach towards any such issues. The consequential effect of these ideas have been useful in terms of upcoming plans for future purposes. The paper shall look into the usage of the Artificial Intelligence in the legal field as well as seek for the upgradation of Artificial Intelligence for the purpose of solving the cases. The paper shall also look at the dynamism with which the changes will occur when there is a drastic shift and introduction of Artificial Intelligence in the court system as well as in day-today activities. The paper shall also look at the consequences with which there might be a change that shall be brought in and also determine if there is a loss caused with the coming in of such intelligence in the court system.
2020
In this 21st century, artificial intelligence (AI) has largely influenced the legal sectors. AI technology has helped various persons of legal field, such as lawyers, judges, law makers, etc. to store large number of confidential files safely. On the other hand, it saves time, ensures efficiency, ensures accuracy, helps to review documents, conducts legal research, etc. These days AI has also become an important subject matter for the government sectors including legislature itself. The laws are published in websites of various government institutions and made accessible to the people across the globe. Similarly, these days, law firms around the world also have been using AI to facilitate counseling to their clients, to review the documents, and even to make application in the court. The importance of AI in the field of law seems to be increasing day by day, for instance, establishment of National Judiciary Informatics System (UYAP) in many countries. Thus, AI has been playing the i...
ANALELE ŞTIINŢIFICE ALE UNIVERSITĂŢII „ALEXANDRU IOAN CUZA” DIN IAŞI, 2024
The paper examines the changes in the legal field brought about by digital technology, especially artificial intelligence. Focusing on how these changes have impacted the online business environment. The study wants to analyze how tools such as contract analysis algorithms, virtual legal assistance systems, and other solutions based on artificial intelligence bring new challenges to this field. At the same time, the article highlights the opportunities and challenges brought by these technological developments. Among the most important issues are data security, privacy, legal liability, and how traditional legal systems adapt to new digital requirements. It also examines how legal professionals are prepared to adapt to the changes brought about by the growth of e-commerce. The analysis shows how well artificial intelligence can ease legal processes specific to e-commerce. Access to justice and the costs and time needed to resolve disputes can be significantly reduced with the help of new technologies. The article helps to understand how changes in legal systems are directly influenced by the digitization of the online commerce environment.
Pro futuro, 2021
This paper presents a general overview of the problems regarding the regulation of artificial intelligence (AI) raised in the official published works of the European Union (EU) and interprets these problems from the perspective of the Hungarian experts as a case study. Even though a new regulation on AI has already been proposed at the EU level, the paper evaluates specific rules and principles regarding data protection since data is the lifeblood of AI systems and the protection of such data is a fundamental right enshrined in the EU legislation via the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The result of the study shows that the application of the GDPR on AI systems in an efficient and uniform way might be at stake since different outputs were generated by the experts to the same legal questions deriving from a scenario presented.
Review of European and Comparative Law
An issue that is characteristic of AI is data processing on a massive scale (giga data, Big Data). This issue is also important because of the proposition to require manufacturers to equip AI systems with a means to record information about the operation of the technology, in particular the type and magnitude of the risk posed by the technology and any negative effects that logging may have on the rights of others. Data gathering must be carried out in accordance with the applicable laws, particularly data protection laws and trade secret protection laws. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the applicable law in line with existing conflict-of-law regulations.
IRJET, 2023
This paper examines the evolving role of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology in the field of law, specifically focusing on legal research and decision making. AI has emerged as a transformative tool in various industries, and the legal profession is no exception. The paper explores the potential benefits of AI technology in legal research, such as enhanced efficiency and comprehensive results. It also highlights the role of AI in document analysis, predictive analytics, and legal decision making, emphasizing the need for human oversight. However, the paper also acknowledges the challenges and ethical considerations associated with AI implementation, including transparency, bias, and privacy concerns. By understanding these dynamics, the legal profession can leverage AI technology effectively while ensuring responsible and ethical use.
ICIMMI 2023, 2023
By automating processes, improving decision-making, and altering the parameters of legal practice, artificial intelligence (AI) is reinventing the legal profession. This study examines the many ramifications of AI in the legal system, emphasizing its revolutionary potential and moral dilemmas. The paper examines how well-liked AI technologies are among legal professionals, looks into privacy issues raised by networked AI bots, and imagines the emergence of AI lawyers who can make and present cases on their own. In light of technical breakthroughs, the research paper emphasizes the necessity for fair regulation, moral AI development, and the preservation of fundamental legal principles.
Indian Journal of Law and Legal ResearchVolume VI Issue VI, 2025
Artificial Intelligence (AI) has quickly overtaken various industries and is rapidly integrating into the legal sector. It seems to bring cost-effectiveness, efficiency and more accuracy compared to traditional labour-intensive legal processes. In this paper the author seeks to examine these multifaceted impacts of AI over legal operations in India, exploring both the benefits as well as challenges of its adoption. Focusing on the influence of AI on legal research, reviewing documents and ensuring monitoring of compliance operations. The article further elaborates on AI-driven progress in the United States and China, comparing it with India's evolving adoption while highlighting various disparities in infrastructure, regulatory frameworks, and societal impact. Additionally, the article seeks to highlight the concerns of AI for the legal landscape including ethical dilemmas, data privacy, and job displacements. The author concludes by calling for robust regulatory mechanisms and ethical guidelines for AI, to utilize the benefits in legal services while minimizing the risks.
Prometheus
This is a condensation of the same authors' Research Handbook on the Law of Artificial Intelligence (2018), which presents legal issues arising from the advent of artificial intelligence (AI) to a broad audience. Barfield and Pagallo wrote this abridged version to offer an easily accessible introduction to law and AI for law students, legal practitioners and non-legal experts. AI is pervading business as well as our social and private lives-up to the point where we interact with some form of AI daily. These systems are becoming increasingly smart, and we must deal with the consequences of their incremental autonomy. Our legal systems are not yet equipped to handle these novel challenges and are in need of new and innovative regulatory strategies. The authors start with a brief account of the fundamental concepts of AI to introduce lawyers to the subject matter. Subsequently, they explain relevant legal notions and legal situations in a comprehensible manner for both law students and non-lawyers. They present a concise overview of human rights frameworks and constitutional law, although their emphasis is on business-related law (data protection, intellectual property, antitrust and business law). In doing so, they analyse EU and US law comparatively, which provides valuable insights for law students into other legal systems as well as a felicitous approach to discussion of different regulatory strategies.
Legal Information Management, Cambridge University Press, 2021
In the last couple of years, the Legal Informatics area has slowly begun to develop as Artificial Intelligence and its allied techniques and technologies expand their footprints in the field of Law. The legal, computational, and data science communities are collaborating to build the computational and data-driven innovative legal models to improve and advance all aspects of the existing legal system with the effective use of modern computer technologies such as Machine Learning, Deep Learning, and Natural Language Processing. In this research paper, we have explored the important factors with the potential to transform the existing jurisprudence into a smart and intelligent legal system with a good degree of automation. Shortly, the existence of such a justice system can be envisioned, which is faster, fair, and economically feasible even to the highly marginalized and underprivileged societies globally, “the poor”.
This edited volume explores issues regarding the intersection of law and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Law and AI interact in two distinct ways: law is in position to regulate AI, yet AI can be applied in legal practice. AI embodies a new generation of technologies, primarily characterized for autonomy and self-learning capacity. Concomitantly, AI technologies involve a potential for perennial improvement, partly irrespective of human intervention, by engaging in not pre-programmed decision-making processes. Undoubtedly, AI is rapidly transforming the reality we live in, affecting our experience, thus inaugurating a new era of technology that necessitates efficient legal regulation.
Journal of Legal, Ethical and Regulatory Issues, 2023
The article deals with the evolving applications of artificial intelligence on judicial systems, starting from the basic premise of data availability. The importance of open data policies in the development of predictive models of justice is highlighted, and methods to protect the privacy of parties and their advantages in improving the administration of justice, as well as their technical shortcomings, are examined. The protection of sensitive information from specific risks and methods for their concealment are addressed with reference to European statutes. An analysis follows of certain AI applications in justice (predictive justice, electronic dispute resolution) and a list of methods on which the relevant software is based. The issue of stepping over the limits in the use of technology for solving substantial legal issues is also raised. The range of applications of AI and related tools in criminal justice is a chapter in itself, discussing their potential role in adjusting sentencing and their practical utility in the prosecution of crime. Particular emphasis is paid to how the use of algorithmic variables can affect a subject of criminal proceedings, often in a discriminatory manner. Finally, the importance of data processing by artificial intelligence is underlined and the rights reserved by the subjects over their personal information are emphasized.
The digitalization of the world has led to the application of technology to every sphere of the human life and endeavor with law being no exception. Law and technology have quite a history embedded in subject areas such legal informatics, legal information, technology law and other similar nomenclature. The storage/processing of data has gained so much prominence for a host of reasons prominent among which is the right to privacy and data protection. Therefore law plays a paramount role in the processing/storage of data making it inevitable for lawyers to study same. Due to the dynamic nature of technology with which legal informatics is concerned, it is important that lawyers keep in tune with both legal and technological advancements to ensure growth in the field of legal informatics. This writer holds the opinion that papers/articles/journals on legal informatics are shrouded in abstract and sometimes not so easily comprehensible language. Therefore, the purport of this paper is to carry out an overview of legal informatics with the overall objective of reducing the field of legal informatics into an easily comprehensible short paper.
ADALET, 2024
Artificial Intelligence (AI), spreading across every aspect of social life, is transforming the business world and professions worldwide, making it increasingly inevitable for everyone to understand various aspects of this field and use AI technologies as a team member in business life. The extraordinary development of AI, alongside social and ethical challenges, has the potential to lead to new problems and needs where existing legislation in almost all areas of law remains insufficient. Lawyers are obliged to continuously update their knowledge and skills and adapt to new developments in order not to fall behind in this new technological era referred to as the "AI Age" or "AI Revolution." As AI emerges as one of the newest examples of modern technology, law maintains its significance as an ancient social institution that evolves with society. The study encompasses a wide range of fundamental knowledge and current debates from AI's definition to its types, from its development process to its interaction with law, and the potential impacts on the justice system, judicial actors, and human rights. Moreover, the work addresses the complex, multidimensional, and dynamic relationship between AI and law from a holistic perspective, including technical, national, international, ethical, and human rights dimensions, appealing not only to legal professionals but also to those from different disciplines interested in AI. The book consists of the following sections: Introduction: Entering the Age of Artificial Intelligence; 1. Understanding Artificial Intelligence; 2. The Artificial Intelligence Revolution; 3. AI Ethics: Human-Machine Interaction through an Ethical Lens; 4. Law and Artificial Intelligence Interaction: Algorithmic Justice in the Service of Ancient Justice; 5. International Organizations and Artificial Intelligence: The Need for a Supranational AI Architecture; 6. Comparative Law in Artificial Intelligence: The Dilemma Between Innovation and Comprehensive Regulation; 7. Artificial Intelligence and Human Rights: Taming the Digital Leviathan; Conclusion.
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