Climate Mitigation Technologies–Perspective Based on Patents

African Journal of Business Management, 2013

The purpose of the present research was to analyze the global scenario for green patents connected with waste management areas, alternative energies, agriculture, transportation, energy conservation and the prospecting about hybrid cars. The patents analyzed were filed from 1979 to 2011. The data collection method consisted of a technological forecast about the Green Technologies. The research was carried out on the patent base Derwent Innovations Index from Web of Science. Only, 123 Green Technology patents were found in nine countries, including the United States, China,

The purpose of this paper is to provide insights into technological innovation and investment for CO 2 reduction with focusing on the concepts of carbon capture and storage (CCS) and CO 2 direct air capture (DAC) technology. The paper initially argues the necessities and motivations for technology innovation as an effective approach for addressing climate change problem. Then, it undertakes investigations to track the main features, technical progresses, and potential benefits of CO 2 air capture over conventional methods. Finally, economical aspects and cost feasibility issues associated with this technology are discussed. The study approves air capture as an effective and feasible investment for climate change mitigation, subject to extensive commitments and strong policy supports.

Environmental and Climate Technologies, 2022

This study investigates the role of environmental policies and regulations in mitigating climate change by promoting clean innovations and discouraging dirty ones. Utilizing nonparametric copula and quantile estimation techniques, along with carefully constructed innovation variables based on patents from 2000 to 2021 across 34 countries, the research examines the effects of policy interventions and external events on energy-related innovations. Findings reveal that climate policy interventions effectively promote clean innovation, particularly at higher levels, and discourage dirty innovations. Therefore, climate change policies and regulations are crucial in achieving net-zero carbon emission targets.

Environmental and Resource Economics, 2013

Using patent data from 66 countries for the period 1990-2003, we characterize the factors which promote or hinder the international diffusion of climate-friendly technologies on a global scale. Regression results show that technology-specific capabilities of the recipient countries are determinant factors. In contrast, the general level of education is less important. We also show that restrictions to international trade-e.g., high tariff rates-and lax intellectual property regimes negatively influence the international diffusion of patented knowledge. A counter-intuitive result is that barriers to foreign direct investments can promote transfers. We discuss different possible interpretations.

Applied Energy, 2013

ABSTRACT Carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are believed to be a major contributor to global warming. As a consequence, large anthropogenic CO2 sources worldwide will eventually be required to implement CO2 capture and storage technologies to control CO2 emissions. In order to guide the establishment of policies for CO2 removal, we reviewed the current status of CO2 capture patents and technologies based on the Espacenet patent database and found that more than 1000 patents have been published on sorbent, solvent, and membrane. More than 60% of these patents were published since the year 2000, and a sharp increase in patent numbers was seen in the last several years; similar to 25% patents were published in the last 2 years. Substantially more patents on CO2 removal and separation technologies are expected in the coming years. Meanwhile, the top four major types of patents, which consist of more than 2/3 of these patents, were patents granted by Japan (JP), United States (US), World Intellectual Property Organization (WO), and China (CN), and approximately half of the patents were JP and US patents. Unfortunately, no current technologies for removing CO2 from large sources like coal-based power plants exist which satisfy the needs of safety, efficiency, and economy; further enhancement and innovation are much needed. (c) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2017

Mitigating the increasing effects of climate change requires extreme policy measures such as reducing global carbon dioxide emissions, expensive abatement policies and the immense costs associated with developing green technologies. While literature on environmental-innovation has been focusing on how innovation contributes to alleviating climate-change impacts by examining existing mitigation technologies and programs, this paper does so via a reverse approach. It examines how innovation responds to climate change. By employing various econometric methods on a panel dataset of 70 countries, patent count as a proxy for innovation, and carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions as proxies for climate change, this study finds that the number of climate-change-related-innovations is responding positively to increasing levels of carbon dioxide emissions from gas and liquid fuelsmainly from natural gases and petroleum respectively; and negatively to increases in carbon dioxide emissions from solid fuel consumptions (mainly from coal) and other greenhouse gas emissions. It also finds that government investment does not always influence decisions to develop and patent climatetechnologies. Empirical findings from this study contribute to the environmental-innovation literature by providing extended knowledge on how innovation reacts to changes in major climate change factors. Based on this, certain policy implications can be drawn such as diverting public funds to areas where innovative activities contribute the most to combating climate change.

2009

Climate change mitigation policies have wide-ranging ramifications for economic activity and international cooperation. The transition to a low carbon economy will create business opportunities for those who anticipate the changes. Given the scale and systemic nature of the necessary shift towards low carbon technologies, there is a clear link between the challenges posed by climate change mitigation efforts and innovation policies.

Journal of Cleaner Production, 2024

Achieving net-zero emissions requires widespread climate change mitigation technology (CCMT) adoption. However, there are two main challenges to overcome: CCMT innovation and diffusion. On the innovation front, existing CCMTs are insufficient for the goal of net-zero emissions. On the diffusion front, patent ownership concentration may restrict access to the existing CCMTs. To the best of available knowledge, this study is the first to pinpoint firm-level financial factors that impact the rate of CCMT innovation and to examine patent ownership concentration in CCMT domains. Analyzing balance sheets and patent data from US public firms (1976-2020), the paper documents significant CCMT patent growth, driven by large, established firms with ample debt, and smaller firms increasing equity issuance post-2008. This CCMT surge may be partly resulting from reductions in post-2008 corporate debt yield and equity price hikes, enabling external funding, especially for smaller firms, with potential policy implications concerning the role of monetary policy. While most CCMT domains see dispersed ownership concentration, there has been a noteworthy rise in ownership concentration in several CCMT domains. This development could potentially impede innovation and has substantial implications for industrial policy.

OECD Economics Department Working Papers, 2009

This paper uses the WITCH model, a computable general equilibrium model with endogenous technological change, to explore the impact of various climate policies on energy technology choices and the costs of stabilising greenhouse gas concentrations. Current and future expected carbon prices appear to have powerful effects on R&D spending and clean technology diffusion. Their impact on stabilisation costs depends on the nature of R&D: R&D targeted at incremental energy efficiency improvements has only limited effects, but R&D focused on the emergence of major new low-carbon technologies could lower costs drastically if successful -especially in the non-electricity sector, where such low-carbon options are scarce today. With emissions coming from multiple sources, keeping a wide range of options available matters for stabilisation costs more than improving specific technologies. Due to international knowledge spillovers, stabilisation costs could be further reduced through a complementary, global R&D policy. However, a strong price signal is always required.

IIUM Law Journal

The development, deployment and dissemination of low-carbon and other environmentally sound technologies (ESTs) is critical in our response to climate change. Yet, many of these critical technologies are patented and belong to private entities. Malaysia through the National Renewable Energy Policy and National Green Technology Policy, aims to leverage on green technology as a double edge sword; as a tool to spur economic activities whilst at the same time ensuring sustainable development and conservation of the environment for future generations. In order to enhance the uptake of ESTs, Malaysia has identified renewable energy as an impetus. This paper explores the discourse between the patents and climate change at the international level. As the diffusion of ESTs requires modification and adaptation, the issue of how much this can take place without the consent of the patent owner is discussed. The scope of scientific research exemption in Malaysia is examined with a view of determ...

Resources

The concept of eco-innovation addresses a reduction in negative environmental impacts and the more efficient use of resources. As an integral part of eco-innovation, green technologies are receiving increasing attention due to growing environmental concerns. Patent data are one of the measures of the output of technological eco-innovation. However, understanding the patenting of eco-innovation comes with challenges. The aim of this study is to measure the output of eco-innovation and to analyse the trends in green technologies based on environment-related patents in the world’s leading countries from 2000 to 2017. For this research, a range of data collection techniques based on patent data from leading countries such as China, Korea, Japan, United States and Germany were employed. The study provides a comprehensive overview of changes and trends in the development of environmental technologies using different domains. In particular, significant progress has been made in the areas o...

Environmental Law, 2017

Climate change poses a major challenge to humanity. In order to deal with our rapidly changing environment, there is a need for a broad range of new technologies that could assist in mitigating or adapting to climate change. Unsurprisingly, intellectual property (IP) scholars and policy makers have relied extensively on patents to provide incentives for the development of climate change technologies. This Article casts doubts over the prospect of relying on patent incentives to adequately promote innovation in this domain. It explores the manner by which patents foster innovation in a variety of settings— from upstream research to end-product development—and reveals that the patent system is far from an optimal incentive mechanism in the environmental field, and thus cannot be trusted to adequately promote the development of climate change technologies. The likely failure of patents to effectively incentivize environmental innovation stems to a large extent from the major role assig...

2007

Zenodo (CERN European Organization for Nuclear Research), 2022

The CARISMA project ("Coordination and Assessment of Research and Innovation in Support of climate Mitigation Options") intends, through effective stakeholder consultation and communication leading to improved coordination and assessment of climate change mitigation options, to benefit research and innovation efficiency, as well as international cooperation on research and innovation and technology transfer. Additionally, it aims to assess policy and governance questions that shape the prospects of climate change mitigation options and discuss the results with representatives from the target audiences to incorporate what can be learned for the benefit of climate change mitigation. Knowledge gaps will be identified for a range priority issues related to climate change mitigation options and climate policy making in consultation with stakeholders. PROJECT PARTNERS No Participant Name Short Name Country Code CO1 Radboud University RU NL

1996