Centrifugal Pumps 2E

World Pumps, 1999

When a fluid of ha'gb viscosity-such as heavy oil-is pumped by a centrifugal pump the performance is impaired in comparison to service with water due to increased losses. Usually the pevormance reduction is estimated by means of correction factors for flow, bead and efficiency, by which the data measured with water are multiplied in order to get the performance when operating with highly viscous fluids. The correction factors published by the Hydraulic Institute [l] are widely used for this purpose; they are read from a graph as a function offlow, bead and viscosity~ Large discrepancies between actual performance and the prediction according to (I] have however been observed in practice, e.g. [2].

2015

Abstract:- To achieve optimum centrifugal pump performance efficiency for liquid flow rates within the range of 4.32 cubic meters per hour- to- 1152 cubic meters per hour, the equations, and method outlined here can be applied to sizing or selecting a centrifugal pump for a process pumping need. The method and derived equations of the hydraulics analysis can also be extended to a typical process centrifugal pumping need. A Microsoft Excel TM computer program for carrying out and easing the sizing calculations is described.

Introduction Working Guide to Pumps and Pumping Stations: Calculations and Simulations discusses the application of pumps and pumping stations used in pipelines that transport liquids. It provides an introduction to the basic theory of pumps and how pumps are applied to practical situations using examples of simulations, without extensive mathematical analysis. Basic concepts Types of pumps used in the industry; the properties of liquids; the performance curve; and the Bernoullis equation. It then looks at the factors that affect pump performance and the various methods of calculating pressure loss in piping systems. This is followed by discussions of pump system head curves; applications and economics of centrifugal pumps and pipeline systems; and pump simulation using the software PUMPCALC. In most cases, the theory is explained and followed by solved example problems in both U.S. Customary System (English) and SI (metric) units. Additional practice problems are provided in each chapter as further exercise. This book was designed to be a working guide for engineers and technicians dealing with centrifugal pumps in the water, petroleum, oil, chemical, and process industries. _______________________________________________________ Extra Pump Manufacturer selection and application data needed, Vine Customer Review December 2010, by Didaskalex Pumps & Piping Systems Pump performance is intrinsic to the system it serves and the fluid handled. Selecting pumps for a specific service starts with the pump class: positive displacement, or centrifugal, and the suitable pump type to handle system's fluid characteristics. The designer calculates the pump's displacement rate, delivery pressure, and system piping sizing and configuration. Optimal design of the system has to consider best set of fluid properties for overall system. Considering heating of a viscous fluid for an appreciable reduction of pump HP, by installing a heater can reduce total cost and enhance operating economics. Reducing total energy consumption, Ca. 90 percent of the total cost of pump operation is a major design goal. System operation efficiency, and economics, and its performance for the specific application, verifies the type of pump selected, for the range of system operating conditions. By carefully tailoring design specifications to service conditions, designers can optimize pump selection to minimize head losses while delivering the volumetric rate at corresponding system pressure. Manufacturer Selection Map (MSM) ANSI/ HI (Hydraulic Institute, Pump Standards authority) provides a guide to informed decisions for engineers to specify/ select pumps, or design Pumping Systems and optimize their performance. A pump design calculation is the key to a selection from an available range of manufacturer pumps, whose performance curves are available to designers. Without MSM, pump hydraulic design cannot materialize into an actual selected pump. Based on the system diagrams, design formulae and H-Q curves available at this working guide, the 'reader' can proceed to MSM. In practice available pump selection is defined by a family of characteristic curves based on pump's actual tests results. Application analysis (Ch. 8), and selection considerations supplement the pump hydraulic calculations. Manufacturers publish Pump performance maps showing differential head and capacity ranges, for a family of centrifugal pumps to help the selection. Further, for a specific pump the performance of different available impeller size, and the corresponding NPSH required, pump efficiency and horsepower. Pump Working Guide The author(s) limited their working guide to pump/ system hydraulic design calculations and a brief simulation, limited to centrifugal pumps only. Although the book delivered what is promised, I believe from experience, that inclusion of sample manufacturers selection maps helps better clarification of practical centrifugal pump performance for different impeller sizes and parallel/ series applications. Pump auxiliaries as vortex breakers, inlet filters, inlet/outlet valve sizing, discharge pressure control and methods to suppress cavitation and vibration needed to be elaborated. _______________________________________________________ Table of Contents 1 Introduction 2 Pump Performance 3 Liquid Properties versus Pump Performance 4 Pressure Loss through Piping Systems 5 System Head Curves 6 Pump Performance at Different Impeller Sizes and Speeds 7 NPSH and Pump Cavitation 8 Pump Applications and Economics 9 Pump Simulation Using PUMPCALC Software Appendices A Summary of Formulas B Units and Conversion Factors C Properties of Water — USCS Units D Properties of Common Liquids E Properties of Circular Pipes — USCS Units F Properties of Circular Pipes — SI Units G Head Loss in Water Pipes — USCS Units H Darcy Friction Factors I Least Squares Method References Index

International Journal of Scientific Research in Science and Technology, 2021

The pump is used as one of the most significant components in chemical industry so without its existence process may not be completed, because for any fluid to flow, initial driving force is required and it is fulfilled by the pump by consuming electrical energy and converting it to pressure energy. So, the selection of pump is very important in every field of section, depending on the property of process fluid. The Centrifugal pump is most demanding nowadays because it has simple design, less maintenance, can handle large quantities of fluids, and provides very high flow rates. The Centrifugal pump has mainly two components rotating components and stationary components. Shaft and impeller (open, semi-enclosed, and fully-enclosed) comes under the category of rotating components and casing (Volute, Vortex, and circular) comes under stationary components. Various parameters of process fluid like liquid viscosity, temperature, specific gravity, vapor pressure, concentration, shear sensitive and abrasive or non-abrasive, MOC, pump environment, pressure, flow rate, etc. are calculated to gain the desired efficiency and prevent a problem like cavitation if not properly handled. In this paper, a single-stage centrifugal pump is reviewed and studied how to increase performance and efficiency of centrifugal pump.

Back to Basics P umps provide a wide range of services in a typical chemical process industries (CPI) plant. They are available with a variety of head/fl ow combinations and are expected to operate under a variety of process conditions, including many different temperatures, toxicities, and viscosities, and the fl uids they handle may be harmless, corrosive, or vapor-forming. Thus, selecting pumps for CPI applications can be challenging. This article will help the novice engineer develop an understanding of pumping issues that can lead to more effective dialog during the early stages of a project, and ultimately improve the effi ciency of the requisitioning process and the long-term reliability of the equipment.

Fluids/Solids Handling entrifugal pumps are the most common type of kinetic pump, and are used most often in applications with moderate-to-high flow and low head. As the workhorse of the chemical process industries (CPI), centrifugals are almost always more economical to own, operate and maintain than other types of pumps.