6Illumination.doc

Harvard Theological Review, 2010

Two Opposite Gospels in the Adventist Church, 2014

, "that the whole of justification is the work of God's grace, " 2 there are five areas of difference on the issue of justification: (1) the meaning; (2) the basis; (3) the means; (4) the effect; and (5) the nature of sin and depravity. Ellen White says that Martin Luther clearly taught "justification by faith;" 3 it was central to the 1888 message and "is the third angel's message. " 4 "Seventhday Adventists see themselves as heirs of and builders upon the Reformation … teaching on justification by grace through faith alone. " 5 The Council of Trent (1545-1563) formulated the Roman Catholic Church's doctrine of justification, in opposition to the Reformers' teachings. To the question "How can a sinner stand before God's holy law in the judgment and be acquitted?" came two radically different answers. For the Reformers it was by being "declared righteous, " based on the finished work of Jesus. For the Council of Trent it was by being "made righteous, " through the ongoing work of the Holy Spirit. According to Adventist pastor and former professor Dennis Priebe, "The gospel lies at the heart of Christianity, " and "there are two versions of the gospel being

Scottish Journal of Theology, 2008

Reformation and his Protestant stance would go on to help shape mission practice to become what is now termed 'evangelical' mission. David J. Bosch names Luther as the catalyst for a new mission paradigm 3 , which he lists as having five key features: justification by faith; the universal impact of the Fall; the subjective dimension of salvation; the priesthood of all believers and the doctrine of Sola Scriptura. 4 Bosch's conclusions concerning the Reformers' missionary activity reveals a dim view of Reformation mission, suggesting that a doctrinal overemphasis on the sovereignty of God, the objective nature of faith and the sinfulness of sinners in light of the Fall all pointed towards little missionary activity on behalf of the Reformers. 5

Confessional Presbyterian, 2017

Theological Reflections: Euro-Asian Theological Journal, 2017

Religion and Theology, 2016

Protestant spirituality is characterized by the mutual relationship between Word and Spirit. The doctrinal formulations of this relationship in the confessions of the Reformation period show that this specific feature of Protestant spirituality originated from the opposition to Rome and the Radical Reformation. The objections by Protestants against the mediaeval view that grace was infused through the sacraments led them to emphasize that faith was worked by the Spirit, in the heart. On the other hand, their objections against spiritualizing tendencies in the Radical Reformation led them to emphasize that faith was a matter of trust, based on the external Word. This two-sided tension led to a nuanced view of the relationship between the external Word of God and the internal work of the Spirit. In Lutheran and Reformed theologies this led to different spiritualities. The author traces these developments by analysing several Protestant confessions of the Reformation period.

Church History, 2019