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東吳中文研究集刊 第11期, 2004
隨著地下文物的出土,尤其是簡帛佚籍的發現,使得思想史的研究得以展開新頁。如過去學者所討論的「五行」,對於《荀子.非十二子》中「案往舊造說,謂之五行」的批評,受於資料限制,往往不得其解。等到馬王堆帛書與郭店楚簡〈五行〉篇出土後,這問題才得到大致的解決,並抽繹出儒學中,子思、孟子一系的發展。郭店楚簡另有一篇〈太一生水〉,其蘊含的宇宙生成、名實關係、天地形狀與古老的自然、數術觀念,俱與道家學說有相通之處。本文便取先秦至前漢的道家典籍加以比較,尤其是《老子》一書,最後並歸結其思考模式的特色,以期能對當時道家思想的樣貌有更深一層認識。
2016
2013 年9、10 月間,中國國家主席習近平利用訪問中亞四國與印尼的機會,分別提出建設「絲綢之路經濟帶」與「21 世紀海上絲綢之路」的構想。而這樣的戰略意圖到底是如同中國外長王毅所強調的「不是地緣工具……不能用冷戰思維看待」,亦或是如解放軍少將喬良所稱「是跟美國戰略東移的一次對沖」。事實上,中國崛起在國際認知上,從來就沒有一致的認知,是否將會因經濟實力的變遷,而衝擊當前國際秩序,原本就在不同學派認知的爭議中劇烈衝撞。攤開地緣戰略地圖,如此大規模的跨區域戰略布局,不可能僅止於經濟、貿易、通商等低位階的安排,而不去調動高位階的國際政治與權力結構關係。因此,如何觀察這樣一個戰略安排的本質,如何理解其中的權力轉換,如何思考崛起中國在歐亞世界島的權力位置,而如此龐大的跨區域整合、鉅額的投資需求,複雜的權力重組,將會帶來的是無限美好的發展藍圖,亦或是新一輪冷戰的再起,基本上都是本文所關切,而亟欲思考、解決的議題。透過戰略局勢的地緣觀察,筆者認為,地緣的本質不變性與變動性,恰正可以提供超越意識形態認知的一條思維途徑。
2013
古蹟保存之修復論述中再提出技術這一疑旨結構的主要意義,是為了意圖重新釐清古蹟保存與修復的真義,以及重新建立對於古蹟保存修復技術之實踐主體性的認識。更確切而言,它將指涉古蹟之保存修復論述的技術形構為何?本文認為,古蹟保存修復的論述實踐可說是基於「創新使用」的技術史,涉及的是技術的選擇與使用。概因保存修復技術所面對的處理對象-古蹟,既不是必然存在或生成的事物,亦非其存在或生成是由於自然作用的事物,而是可改變和可製作的事物;這種「實踐-造物」導向的技術本質,旨在製作的反思活動,是一種「造物」與「產生新知識」相結合的過程。這樣的技術建構,關乎的是「知的方法」,而不必然是創造新知識或新事物的方法。是故,與其稱之為技術,或許稱之為「技術產物」更為適當;它就如同古蹟的存在一樣,是特定之社會文化條件的意識形態脈絡下的產物。
《玄奘佛學研究》25期, 2016
摩登伽女的故事歷來都是漢傳佛教警戒男修行者遠離美色誘惑的 典型,她也成為情欲魔女的象徵。民國16 年溥緒(1882-1933)(清逸 居士)創作《摩登伽女曲本》,由京劇名伶尚小雲於北京新明戲院演出, 引起轟動。民國22 年,這個印度來的故事被印度泰戈爾(1861-1941) 創作成歌舞劇《昌達爾姑娘》,再改編為《昌達爾姑娘歌舞劇》搬上劇 場公演,至今仍表演不輟。同時代的二個劇本都能移動傳統視角,正視 摩登伽女自身,卸去僵化的魔女形象,但又各自呼應著自己的文化土壤 與時代關懷,呈現不同主題寓意:一者關注她的情愛與修悟,以色幻悟 道為精神;一者關注她的啟蒙與平等,以實踐平等新生為精神。 在溥緒筆下,摩登伽女具有端莊美麗,專情高潔的形象,有傳統文 學的杜麗娘之傷春幽情、賈寶玉之色空悟道,又有《西遊記》魔考誘惑 的情節。故事關注情愛與修悟,在情愛美色的貪執中,徹悟不淨與如幻, 並輔以平等慈悲之懷。 而泰戈爾的歌舞劇,藉此抒發對印度種姓不平等制度的批判。他筆 下的摩登伽女言語靈動,活潑熱情,從不平等的種姓思惟中被啟蒙新生 後,自我作主,勇敢追愛,這份蘊含「愛」的新生,歸向阿難與佛陀所 象徵的平等慈悲,隱含泰戈爾「在愛中徹悟」的梵愛合一路徑。 就女性視角詮釋的二個路徑「情欲主動」、「速證果位」觀察,溥緒 以專情高潔之主動來詮釋其「情欲主動」,並以消融情欲而得悟,雖然 能呈現她因情而悟,但並無深刻描寫其「速證果位」。泰戈爾則完全沒 有著墨「速證果位」,主力全在「情欲主動」上,這份主動來自平等的 啟蒙,情欲化為自主勇敢去愛,與泰戈爾「梵愛合一」的宗教哲學呼應。 關鍵詞:摩登伽女、阿難、溥緒、泰戈爾、昌達爾姑娘 In Chinese Buddhism, the story of Matangi's daughter has been taken as a warning for male Buddhists to keep away from the temptation of lust, and Matangi's daughter has become a representative of femme fatale. In 1927, Pu Xu (1882-1933, art name Qing Yi Ju Shi) composed a tune of "Matangi's daughter", starred by Shang Xiao-yun and caused a sensation in the Xinming Theater in Beijing. Then in 1933, this Indian story was written as a musical drama "Chandalika" by the respected Indian writer Rabindranath Tagore, and be readapted and played in theaters until now. These two scripts of the same era both change the point of view toward female by facing up to this character and getting rid of the stereotype as a femme fatale. What's more, they reflect to their own cultural soil and contemporary concern, and present two different theme implications: the former focuses on her love and enlightenment, taking enlightenment from form & vision as the essence; the later focuses on h...
數位荒原 No Man's Land ISSUE 37 : A Road Already Travelled 既履之路, 2018
Founded in 1922 in Yogyakarta, Taman Siswa was an alternative school to the Dutch colonial education system. During the post-independence period, Taman Siswa had been engaging a tug of war between the debates of “traditional education” & “national education”. What position should the school take to preserve its uniqueness during the postcolonial period? Decades later, contemporary Yogyakarta is home to alternative art and cultural spaces. They more or less, like Taman Siswa, look for autonomous, independent space outside the authoritative education system. In 2016, Kunci Cultural Studies Center founded a “School of Improper Education” (it was named "Sekolah Salah Didik" in Bahasa, literally "school of wrong education’). It invites participants to learn “how to learn” together. Kunci’s method is said to be inspired by Taman Siswa, and they seek to experiment the possibility of building a postcolonial alternative education in contemporary times. 1922年在印尼日惹成立的Taman Siswa(學生樂園)有別於西方殖民教育,然而1950至60年代的學生樂園在「傳統教育」和「國家教育」之間辯論拉扯。具有強烈反殖和民族主義精神的替代教育系統「學生樂園」,要如何在後殖民社會的現代教育體制中,維持其獨特性?當代印尼日惹的替代文化和藝術空間眾多,或多或少都因不滿國家教育體制而另尋獨立自主的空間。Kunci文化研究中心在2016年建立「不當教育學校」(印尼語原名為Sekolah Salah Didik,錯誤教育學校),以共同學習「如何學習」這回事。學校的學習方法便以「學生樂園」為鑑,實驗後殖民替代教育的可能。
2010
The purpose of this study is to examine information seeking behavior of visually impaired people using the library. This study also seeks to discover how visually impaired people use libraries whilst analyzing the barriers and problems they experience, and whether libraries actually meet their needs. The Research framework of this study followed the Sense-Making theory, which is problemsolving oriented. Subjects for this research were chosen from the visually impaired users of the National Taiwan Library (NTL). This study used semistructured interviews and questionnaires to collect data, including 23 individual interviewees (15 were blind, 8 were partially sighted, aged from 24 to 83) and 280 participants for the survey study (210 were blind, 70 were partially sighted, aged from 9 to 67). Based on the results, the authors of this paper offered some practical suggestions to NTL for the quality and service of collections, librarians, services, and equipments and environments. The authors also offered some suggestions to visual disability service units and government departments in order to serve as references for improving services for visually impaired people.
2022
從規範佛教而言,佛教戒律中不贊同修道者歌舞倡伎以影響道心,但是佛教 傳至明清時期卻扭轉了這種規範性的認知,確實看見了大傳統與小傳統的不同。 不論從唐代的《洛陽伽藍記》描述佛教寺院中有戲臺的影子,到了明清版畫中也 能看到寺院搭起戲臺表演俗劇。除了戲臺外,還出現佛道融合的儀軌例如「破地 獄」,將表演與儀式結合,表現出的文化現象。在佛教戒律中禁止歌舞倡伎,但 是在寺院外卻搭起戲臺歌唱世俗情愛,這種佛教與民間衝擊的弔詭現象,現在佛 教研究的學術界甚少討論,因此希望藉由本文作為一個開端,使未來更多人關注 佛教音樂的研究。 本文欲透過文本分析、圖片考證,整理中國佛寺戲臺以及明清佛教戲劇與儀 式的資料,試圖歸納過去佛寺戲臺搬演及紀錄,還有現存佛寺戲臺的遺址。並且 列出明清時期佛教相關戲曲,乃至於佛教故事表演如何與儀式結合進行探討。希 望透過這兩個層面,概述明清佛教寺院戲劇與儀式的形態。
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