International Security

No one can be found in the world who doesn't want peace and friendship. But why peace is so unstable and fragile in the world? Every day we see war, conflict, destruction and devastation in a corner of the world and every day innocent people are killed. Why modern human who controls nature has failed to bring peace? Maybe one answer is the absence of security because security is another aspect of peace. Assuming that security will guarantee peace and its sustainability, this paper reviews methods of securitization on the basis of three mechanisms: "power", "confronting" and "control"; and by studying militarism aspect (which uses power) and political aspect (which is based on the confrontation and control), this paper reveals outputs and outcomes of the political and military aspects of security in establishing "incomplete security". Therefore, in answer to question "How the sustainable peace can be established?", by explaining the escalation of conflicts and problems in military and political security, this paper states that peace could be established by providing "societal security" – which in streaming in the context of multilateral and mutual daily interactions and is based of altruism, benevolence and friendship. In fact, incomplete security cannot provide widespread and sustainable peace, but establishment of societal security could stop deficiencies and vulnerabilities of securitization and prevent fragility of the peace.

Nomura Center for Lifelong Integrated Education, 2006

You say it is the good cause which hallows even war? I say to you it is the good war which hallows every cause Nietzche 1

Understanding the foremost of IR theories in enlightening the complexity of international conflicts Exploring the role of human nature and anarchy in initiating a war between states Evaluation of democratic and undemocratic regimes in connection with the international conflicts 10 Analyzing the relationship between agents and structure of international relations for widening our horizons in thinking of international conflicts 11 Engaging with the approaches that claim to thwart international conflicts 12 Describing the balance of power approach in international relations and uncovering its role in maintaining the status quo 13 Evaluating the tenet of collective security in comparison with the balance of power in terms of its effectiveness for deterring aggressor states 14 Enlightening the ideas of disarmament and arms control and their potential in promoting world peace 15 Analyzing the strengths and drawbacks of the four peaceful means (negotiation, mediation, arbitration, and judicial settlement) in the resolution of international disputes 16 Engaging international conflicts in the context of globalization of world politics 17 Grasping the origin of new war debate in the context of the accelerated globalization process 18 Analyzing the nexus between the new source of international conflicts and peace and globalization

Journal of Conflict Transformation and Security, Vol. 2 n.2 , 2012

2015

States are the building blocks of the international system, but in many parts of the world in 2014 their role as pre-eminent security providers was being challenged. Although the specific nature of these challenges differed widely, depending on the context, a common thread was an underlying concern about the capacity of states to manage a mounting set of often interconnected problems of concern to citizens. The wider risks posed by the loss of authority, the collapse of institutions and the emergence of ungoverned spaces in certain locations—such as Somalia—have been in focus for more than two decades. In 1995 the supplement to the Agenda for Peace launched by then United Nations Secretary-General Boutros Boutros Ghali underlined that the collapse of state institutions created different kinds of problems when compared with interstate conflicts.1 The report stated that the loss of state functions provided by the police and judiciary opened the way for banditry, which could lead to th...

African Journal of Political Science and International Relations, 2016

Throughout ages, one of the greatest needs of humans has been a peaceful and secured society devoid of violence. In pursuit of this agenda, different approaches including classical peace paradigm have been employed at different times in the world history. Ironically, these peace and security architectures largely tend to be state centric, where peace and security are construed in terms of military might and states monopoly of violence. Arguably, the dynamics of contemporary world has proved that nation states are all vulnerable to natural and physical calamities such as earthquakes, typhoons and infectious diseases (example AIDS and Ebola), criminal net-works operating across the globe manifested in violent demonstrations as experienced in Egypt, terrorist attack in America, arbitrary kidnapping and bombardment in Nigeria, and narcotic drugs trafficking among others. These developments suggest that nation states have to ‘think beyond the box’ of national boundaries. Data gathered th...

2002